(完整word版)氣象常用專業(yè)英語詞匯

1、主題詞表EnglishChinese01.大氣atmosphericscience大氣科學meteorology氣象學atmosphere大氣atmosphericimpurity大氣雜質(zhì)atmosphericsuspendedmatter大氣懸浮物atmosphericcomposition大氣成分atmosphericmass大氣質(zhì)量atmosphericdensity大氣密度atmosphericsubdivision大氣分層homosphere均質(zhì)層heterosphere非均質(zhì)層standardpressurelevel標準層isothermallayer等溫層loweratmosp

2、here低層大氣middleatmosphere中層大氣upperatmosphere高層大氣troposphere對流層tropopause對流層頂stratosphere平流層stratopause平流層頂mesosphere中間層mesopause中間層頂thermosphere熱層exosphere外逸層ionosphere電離層magnetosphere磁層ozonosphere臭氧層freeatmosphere自由大氣planetaryatmosphere行星大氣standardatmosphere（referenceatmosphere）標準大氣大氣）homogeneousatm

3、osphere均質(zhì)大氣isothermalatmosphere等溫大氣polytropicatmosphere多元大氣scaleheight大氣標高meteorologicalelement氣象要素airtemperature氣溫wet-bulbtemperature濕球溫度dry-bulbtemperature干球溫度atmosphericpressure氣壓standardatmospherepressure標準大氣壓stationpressure本站氣壓sea-levelpressure海平面氣壓pressuregradient氣壓梯度barometricheightformula壓高公

4、式pressuregradientforce氣壓梯度力Coriolisforce科里奧利力watervapor水蒸汽watervaporpressure水汽壓humidity濕度relativehumidity相對濕度absolutehumidity絕對濕度specifichumidity比濕mixingratio混合比dewpointtemperature露點（溫度）depressionofthedewpoint（溫度）露點差super-saturatedair過飽和空氣saturationspecifichumidity飽和比濕saturationvaporpressure飽和水汽壓sat

5、urationdeficit飽和差cloud云lowcloud低云middlecloud中云highcloud高云cloudamount云量cloudheight云高cloudgenera云屬cloudetage云族cloudspecies云種cloudvariety云類cloudform云狀cirrus,Ci卷云cirrostratus,Cs卷層云cirrocumulus,Cc卷積云altocumulus,Ac高積云altostratus,As高層云cumulus,Cu積云參考cumulushumilis,Cuhum淡積云cumuluscongestus,Cucon濃積云cumulonimb

6、us,Cb積雨云cumulusfractus,Cufra碎積云stratocumulus,Sc層積云stratus,St層云nimbostratus,Ns雨層云stratiformcloud層狀云cumuliformcloud積狀云coldcloud冷云warmcloud暖云icecloud冰云wind風winddirection風向windspeed,windvelocity風速maximumwindspeed最大風速extremewindspeed極大風速windspeedprofile風速廓線windforce風力windforcescale風級Beaufortwindscale蒲福風級

7、calm0級風lightair1級風lightbreeze2級風gentlebreeze3級風moderatebreeze4級風freshbreeze5級風strongbreeze6級風neargale7級風gale8級風stronggale9級風storm10級風violentstorm11級風hurricane12級風gust陣風localwind地方性風surfacewind地面風foehn焚風mountain-valleybreeze山谷風sea-landbreeze海陸風on-shorewind向岸風off-shorewind離岸風gorgewind峽谷風predominantwin

8、ddirection主導風向prevailingwind盛行風windpressure風壓windenergy風能windenergyresources風能資源windenergyrose風能玫瑰圖visibility能見度clearsky晴天partlycloudy少云cloudy多云overcast陰天blueofthesky天空藍度skycondition天空狀況precipitation降水a(chǎn)mountofprecipitation降水量precipitationintensity降水強度showeryprecipitation陣性降水convectiveprecipitation對流

9、性降水orographicprecipitation地形降水rain雨raindrop雨滴rainshadow雨影glaze雨凇rainday雨日rainfallamount雨量continuousprecipitation連續(xù)性降水intermittentprecipitation間歇性降水showeryrain陣雨freezingrain凍雨drizzle毛毛雨lightrain小雨moderaterain中雨heavyrain大雨torrentialrain暴雨localprecipitation地方性降水orographicrain地形雨storm風暴sandstorm,duststo

10、rm沙塵暴hailstorm雹暴haze霾dust浮塵dew露frost霜frostpoint霜點firstfrost初霜latestfrost終霜tornado龍卷dustdevil塵卷風snow雪sleet雨夾雪showerysnow陣雪snowcrystal雪晶snowflake雪花snowgrains米雪snowstorm雪暴snowcover積雪snowfallamount雪量snowdepth雪深snowday雪日icing積冰hail冰雹thunder雷thunderstorm雷暴thundershower雷陣雨lightning閃電fog霧mist輕霧wetfog濕霧seafo

11、g海霧Lyman-ahygrometer萊曼-a濕度表bimetallicthermograph雙金屬片溫度計barograph氣壓計aneroidbarograph空盒氣壓計mountainbarograph高山氣壓計barometer氣壓表aneroidbarometer空盒氣壓表ship-barometer船用氣壓表mountainbarometer高山氣壓表pressurealtimeter氣壓測高表normalbarometer標準氣壓表mercurybarometer水銀氣壓表Fortinbarometer福丁氣壓表Kewpatternbarometer寇烏氣壓表hygrograp

12、h濕度計hygrometer濕度表psychrometer干濕表aspiratedpsychrometer通風干濕表Assmannpsychrometer阿斯曼干濕表dew-pointhygrometer露點濕度表hairhygrometer毛發(fā)濕度表hairhygrograph毛發(fā)濕度計blackandwhitebulbthermometer黑白球溫度表barothermograph氣壓溫度計dry-bulbthermometer干球溫度表wet-bulbthermometer濕球溫度表sunshinerecorder日照計Jordansunshinerecorder喬唐日照計Campbel

13、l-Stokessunshinerecorder康培爾-司托克日照計pyrheliometer直接輻射表pyranometer總輻射表skyradiometerdiffusometer天空輻射表albedometer反照率表pyranometer凈輻射表evaporograph蒸發(fā)計evaporationpan小型蒸發(fā)器evaporationtank大型蒸發(fā)器standardpan標準蒸發(fā)器ceilingprojector云冪燈visibilitymeter,visiometer能見度表raingauge雨量器pluviograph,recordingraingauge雨量計accumulat

14、iveraingauge累計雨量器tiltingbucketraingauge翻斗式雨量計electricconductivityraingauge水導式雨量計siphonrainfallrecorder虹吸式雨量計rainfallintensityrecorder雨強計telemeteringpluviograph遙測雨量計icefog冰霧frontalfog鋒面霧advectionfog平流霧radiationfog輻射霧advection-radiationfog平流輻射霧mixingfog混合霧evaporationfog蒸發(fā)霧supercooledfog過冷卻霧groundfog地面

15、霧upslopefog上坡霧air-massfog氣團霧tropicalairfog熱帶氣團霧rime霧凇graupel霰percentageofsunshine日照百分率sunshineduration日照時數(shù)durationofpossiblesunshine可照時數(shù)02.大氣探測atmosphericsoundingandobserving大氣探測meteorologicalobservation氣象觀測surfaceobservation地面觀測visualobservation目測backgroundpollutionobservation本底污染觀測fieldobservation

16、外場觀測conventionalobservation常規(guī)觀測sounding探空upperairobservation高空觀測aircraftsounding飛機探測rocketsounding火箭探測radiosounding無線電探空surfacedata地面資料upperairdata高空資料observationsite觀測場meteorologicalplatform氣象觀測平臺automaticmeteorologicalstation自動氣象站meteorologicalinstrument氣象儀器screen,instrumentshelter百葉箱thermometer溫度

17、表telethermometer遙測溫度表thermograph溫度計geothermometer地溫表surfacegeothermometer地面溫度表anglegeothermometer曲管地溫表tube-typedgeothermometer直管地溫表maximumthermometer最高溫度表minimumthermometer最低溫度表mercurythermometer水銀溫度表windvane風向標anemometer風速表contactanemometer電接風速表cupanemometer轉(zhuǎn)杯風速表propelleranemometer螺旋槳式風速表anemorumbo

18、meter風向風速表anemograph風速計meteorologicalrocket氣象火箭soundingrocket探空火箭weatherradar天氣雷達meteorologicalradar氣象雷達lidar激光雷達sodar,acousticradar聲雷達Dopplerradar多普勒天氣雷達atmosphericremotesensing大氣遙感meteorologicalsatellite氣象衛(wèi)星synopticdata天氣資料realtimedata實時資料radiationtransferequation輻射傳輸方程atmospherictransmissionmodel

19、大氣傳輸模式frostprevention防霜artificialprecipitation人工降水cloudcluster云團tropicalcloudcluster熱帶云團cloudsystem云系commacloudsystem逗點云系bandedcloudsystem帶狀云系vortexcloudsystem渦旋云系atmosphericradiation大氣輻射solarradiation太陽輻射solarconstant太陽常數(shù)outgoinglong-waveradiation,OLR向外長波輻射visiblelight可見光radiationbalance輻射平衡globalr

20、adiation總輻射directradiation直接輻射effectiveradiation有效輻射scatteredradiation散射輻射diffuseradiation漫射輻射skyradiation天空輻射upwardtatalradiation向上全輻射downwardtotalradiation向下全輻射incomingradiation入射輻射albedooftheearth-atmospheresystem地氣系統(tǒng)反照率albedoofunderlyingsurface下墊面反照率atmosphericcounterradiation大氣逆輻射radiance輻射率alb

21、edo反照率planetarytemperature行星溫度atmosphericwindow大氣窗atmosphericabsorptivity大氣吸收率primaryscattering一次散射Miescattering米散射multiplescattering多次散射Rayleighscattering瑞利散射skybrightness,skyluminance天空亮度atmosphericopticalthickness,atmosphericopticaldepth大氣光學厚度atmospherictransparency大氣透明度atmosphericopticalphenomen

22、a大氣光學現(xiàn)象atmosphericturbidity大氣渾濁度mirage蜃景twilight曙暮光auroraaustralis南極光auroraborealis北極光halo暈46halo46度暈22halo22度暈03.大氣物理學atmosphericphysics大氣物理學cloudphysics云物理學advection平流convection對流aerosol氣溶膠clouddroplet-sizedistribution云滴譜raindropsizedistribution雨滴譜fog-drop霧滴clouddroplet云滴supercooledclouddroplet過冷云

23、滴dropspectrum滴譜collision碰撞coagulation碰并icecrystal冰晶icepoint冰點condensation凝結(jié)evaporation蒸發(fā)solidification凝固deposition凝華sublimation升華freezing凍結(jié)condensationnucleus凝結(jié)核saltnucleus鹽核weathermodification人工影響天氣clouddissipation消云salt-seeding鹽粉播撒solarhalo日暈lunarhalo月暈solarcorona日華lunarcorona月華rainbow虹secondaryra

24、inbow霓corona華twilightcolors霞aurora極光glory寶光環(huán)magneticstorm磁暴04.大氣化學atmosphericchemistry大氣化學atmosphericphotolysis大氣光解作用atmosphericozone大氣臭氧atmospherictracegas大氣痕量氣體photochemicalreaction光化反應(yīng)photochemicalsmog光化煙霧precipitationchemistry降水化學atmosphericbackground大氣本底值atmosphericpollution大氣污染airpollution空氣污染

25、primarypollutant原生污染物secondarypollutant次生污染物atmosphericcleaning大氣凈化floatingdust飄塵dustfall降塵greenhousegasses溫室氣體atmosphericpollutant大氣污染物smogaerosol煙霧氣溶膠ashcloud煙灰云smog煙霧smokescreen煙幕acidrain酸雨smoke煙smokeplume煙羽plumerise煙羽抬升fallout沉降物05.動力氣象學dynamicmeteorology動力氣象學atmosphericthermodynamics大氣熱力學sensib

26、leheat感熱latentheat潛熱reversibleadiabaticprocess可逆絕熱過程irreversibleadiabaticprocess不可逆絕熱過程moistureinversion逆濕thermodynamicequation熱力學方程temperatureinversion逆溫turbulenceinversion湍流逆溫surfaceinversion地面逆溫radiationinversion輻射逆溫cappinginversion覆蓋逆溫subsidenceinversion下沉逆溫frontalinversion鋒面逆溫inversionlayer逆溫層t

27、emperaturegradient溫度梯度temperatureadvection溫度平流adiabaticascending絕熱上升adiabaticsinking絕熱下沉adiabaticcooling絕熱冷卻adiabaticheating絕熱增溫pseudo-adiabaticprocess假絕熱過程diabaticprocess非絕熱過程convectivecondensationlevel,CCL對流凝結(jié)高度mixingcondensationlevel混合凝結(jié)高度temperaturelapserate氣溫直減率dryadiabaticlapserate干絕熱直減率moista

28、diabaticlapserate濕絕熱直減率condensationlevel,CL凝結(jié)高度virtualtemperature虛溫dryadiabaticprocess干絕熱過程moistadiabaticprocess濕絕熱過程potentialtemperature位溫equationofmotion運動方程continuityequation連續(xù)方程equationofstate狀態(tài)方程vorticityequation渦度方程divergenceequation散度方程hydrostaticequation流體靜力方程3-equation3方程perturbationequatio

29、n擾動方程thermalwindequation熱成風方程advectiveequation平流方程balanceequation平衡方程baroclinicprocess斜壓過程geostrophicadjustment地轉(zhuǎn)適應(yīng)availablepotentialenergy有效位能geopotentialmeter位勢米geopotentialheight位勢高度inertialinstability慣性不穩(wěn)定freeconvectionlevel自由對流高度atmosphericstability大氣穩(wěn)定度staticstability靜力穩(wěn)定度absolutestability絕對穩(wěn)定

30、absoluteinstability絕對不穩(wěn)定neutralstability中性穩(wěn)定conditionalinstability條件性不穩(wěn)定barotropicinstability正壓不穩(wěn)定baroclinicinstability斜壓不穩(wěn)定latentinstability潛在不穩(wěn)定conservationofpotentialvorticity位渦守恒z-coordinatez坐標p-coordinatep坐標o-coordinate。坐標9-coordinate位溫坐標convergence輻合divergence輻散divergence散度horizontaldivergence

31、水平散度vorticity渦度Rossbywave羅斯貝波stationarywave定常波cyclostrophicwind旋衡風gradientwind梯度風thermalwind熱成風veeringwind順轉(zhuǎn)風geostrophicwind地轉(zhuǎn)風antitripticwind摩擦風jetstream急流northernbranchjetstream北支急流southernbranchjetstream南支急流basicflow基本氣流subtropicaljetstream副熱帶急流axisofjetstream急流軸warmadvection暖平流coldadvection冷平流up

32、wardflow上升氣流downwardflow下沉氣流geostrophicmotion地轉(zhuǎn)運動quasi-geostrophicmotion準地轉(zhuǎn)運動Ekmanlayer?？寺鼘覧kmanspiral埃克曼螺線atmosphericcirculation大氣環(huán)流meridionalcirculation經(jīng)向環(huán)流zonalcirculation緯向環(huán)流Hadleycell哈得來環(huán)流Walkercell沃克環(huán)流directcirculation直接環(huán)流indirectcirculation間接環(huán)流圈trade-windcirculation信風環(huán)流circulationcell環(huán)流圈local

33、circulation局地環(huán)流three-cellmeridionalcirculation三圈經(jīng)向環(huán)流circulationindex環(huán)流指數(shù)highindex高指數(shù)lowindex低指數(shù)indexcycle指數(shù)循環(huán)circulationtheorem環(huán)流定理Kelvinstheoremofcirculation開爾文環(huán)流定理Bjerknescirculationtheorem皮葉克尼斯環(huán)流定理cross-equatorialflow越赤道氣流atmosphericcenterofaction大氣活動中心scaling尺度分析synopticscale天氣尺度planetaryscale行星

34、尺度mesoscale中尺度mesoscalemodel中尺度模式generalcirculationmodel,GCM大氣環(huán)流模式barotropicmodel正壓模式baroclinicmodel斜壓模式06.天氣學synopticmeteorology天氣學weather天氣synopticchart天氣圖weathersymbol天氣符號barb風速羽windshaft風矢桿windarrow風矢presentweather現(xiàn)在天氣pastweather過去天氣upperairchart高空天氣圖surfacechart地面天氣圖isobaricsurface等壓面standardis

35、obaricsurface,mandatorylevel標準等壓面contourchart等壓面圖rainfallchart雨量圖isoline等值線isotherm等溫線isodrosotherm等露點線isallotherm等變溫線isobar等壓線topographicisobar地形等壓線isallobar等變壓線contourline等高線shearline切變線squallline颮線pressurefield氣壓場windfield風場allobaricfield變壓場anallobariccenter正變壓中心katallobariccenter負變壓中心humidityfie

36、ld濕度場wettongue濕舌drytongue干舌dryline干線temperaturefield溫度場coldtongue冷舌warmtongue暖舌pressuresystem氣壓系統(tǒng)lowpressure,depression低氣壓deepeningofadepression低壓加深coldlow冷低壓warmlow暖低壓mesoscalelow中尺度低壓thermallow熱低壓cut-offlow切斷低壓orographicdepression地形低壓trough低壓槽troughline槽線invertedtrough倒槽coldtrough冷槽long-wavetrough

37、長波槽EastAsiamajortrough東亞大槽cyclone氣旋cycloniccirculation氣旋性環(huán)流cyclonicshear氣旋性切變extratropicalcyclone溫帶氣旋cyclonefamily氣旋族occludedcyclone錮囚氣旋cyclogenesis氣旋生成cyclolysis氣旋消散coldvortex冷渦warmvortex暖渦permanentdepression永久性低壓semi-permanentdepression半永久性低壓Aleutianlow阿留申低壓Icelandiclow冰島低壓Changjiang-Huaihecyclone

38、江淮氣旋Changjiang-Huaiheshearline江淮切變線SouthChinaSeadepression南海低壓Mongolianlow蒙古低壓NortheastChinalow東北低壓mid-troposphericcyclone對流層中層氣旋SouthwestChinavortex西南低渦highpressure高氣壓coldhigh冷高壓warmhigh暖高壓ridge高壓脊ridgeline脊線warmridge暖脊colpressurefield鞍形氣壓場highpressurebarrier高壓壩deformationfield變形場anticyclone反氣旋anti

39、cycloniccirculation反氣旋環(huán)流anticyclonicshear反氣旋切變anticyclogenesis反氣旋生成anticyclolysis反氣旋消散permanenthigh永久性高壓semi-permanenthigh半永久性高壓subtropicalhigh副熱帶高壓Siberianhigh西伯利亞高壓SouthAsiahigh南亞高壓blockinghigh阻塞高壓blockingsituation阻塞形勢Uralblockinghigh烏拉爾山阻塞高壓Okhotskhigh鄂霍次克海高壓Pacifichigh太平洋高壓Azoreshigh亞速爾高壓airmass

40、氣團air-massanalysis氣團分析air-masssource氣團源地air-massclassification氣團分類air-massproperty氣團屬性air-masstransformation氣團變性conservativepropertyofairmass氣團保守性transformedairmass變性氣團warmairmass暖氣團coldairmass冷氣團arcticairmass北極氣團polarairmass極地氣團tropicalairmass熱帶氣團equatorialairmass赤道氣團continentalairmass大陸氣團maritimea

41、irmass海洋氣團tropicalmarineairmass熱帶海洋氣團front鋒frontalsurface鋒面frontalzone鋒區(qū)frontalslope鋒面坡度warmfront暖鋒coldfront冷鋒occludedfront錮囚鋒coldoccludedfront冷性錮囚鋒warmoccludedfront暖性錮囚鋒neutraloccludedfront中性錮囚鋒rapidlymovingcoldfront快行冷鋒slowlymovingcoldfront慢行冷鋒stationaryfront靜止鋒polarfront極鋒arcticfront北極鋒antarcticf

42、ront南極鋒surfacefront地面鋒upperfront高空鋒frontalanalysis鋒面分析frontalweather鋒面天氣warmfrontcloudsystem暖鋒云系coldfrontcloudsystem冷鋒云系frontalprecipitation鋒面降水orographicoccludedfront地形錮囚鋒NorthChinaoccludedfront華北錮囚鋒orographicstationaryfront地形靜止鋒SouthChinaquasi-stationaryfront華南準靜止鋒Kunmingquasi-stationaryfront昆明準靜止

43、鋒Tianshanquasi-stationaryfront天山準靜止鋒synopticanalysis天氣分析synopticsituation天氣形勢synopticprocess天氣過程synopticsystem天氣系統(tǒng)planetaryscalesystem行星尺度系統(tǒng)synopticscalesystem天氣尺度系統(tǒng)subsynopticscalesystem次天氣尺度系統(tǒng)mesoscalesystem中尺度系統(tǒng)microscalesystem小尺度系統(tǒng)coldwave寒潮coldoutburst寒潮爆發(fā)intertropocalconvergencezone,ITCZ熱帶輻合帶t

44、ropicaleasterliesjet熱帶東風急流tropicalhigh熱帶高壓tropicalmonsoon熱帶季風easterlywave東風波subtropicalcalms副熱帶無風帶tropicalcyclone熱帶氣旋tropicaldepression熱帶低壓tropicalstorm熱帶風暴severetropicalstorm強熱帶風暴typhoon臺風typhooneye臺風眼stormcenter風暴中心Meiyu,plumrain梅雨Meiyufront梅雨鋒onsetofMeiyu入梅endingofMeiyu出梅Meiyuperiod梅雨期ElNino厄爾尼諾E

45、NSO恩索LaNina拉尼娜southernoscillation,SO南方濤動seasurfacetemperature,SST海面溫度bravewestwind咆哮西風帶quasi-biennialoscillation,QBO準兩年振蕩equatoriallow赤道低壓equatorialcalms赤道無風帶polarvortex極渦polarlow極地低壓weatherforecast天氣預(yù)報severeweatherwarning危險天氣警報urbanweather城市天氣foehneffect焚風效應(yīng)heatwave熱浪Qinghai-Xizanghigh青藏高壓07.氣候?qū)Wcli

46、matology氣候?qū)Wclimate氣候climaticelement氣候要素factorsforclimaticformation氣候形成因子solarclimate太陽氣候idealclimate理想氣候globalclimate全球氣候globalclimatesystem全球氣候系統(tǒng)urbanclimate城市氣候indoorclimate室內(nèi)氣候continentalclimate大陸性氣候marineclimate海洋性氣候aridclimate干旱氣候semi-aridclimate半干旱氣候humidclimate濕潤氣候warm-wetclimate濕熱氣候mountainc

47、limate山地氣候plateauclimate高原氣候verticalclimaticzone垂直氣候帶diurnalvariation日變化departure距平diurnalrange日較差annualrange年較差annualmean年平均annualamount年總量season季節(jié)seasonality季節(jié)性frostperoid霜期frostday霜日rainyseason雨季hotseason熱季coolseason涼季continentality大陸度oceanity海洋度air-seainteraction海氣相互作用watercycle水循環(huán)dryseason干季dry

48、spell干期aridity干燥度moistureindex濕潤度greenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)heatislandeffect熱島效應(yīng)heatsink熱匯heatsource熱源heatbalance熱量平衡pentad候windrose風玫瑰圖windvector風矢量averagewindvelocity平均風速resultantwind合成風firn永久積雪firnline永久雪線isohel等日照線planetarywindsystem行星風系tradewinds信風temperatewesterlies溫帶西風帶monsoon季風summermonsoon夏季風winte

49、rmonsoon冬季風EastAsianmonsoon東亞季風plateaumonsoon高原季風monsoonburst季風爆發(fā)monsoononset季風建立monsoondepression季風低壓monsooncirculation季風環(huán)流monsoonclimate季風氣候monsoonregion季風區(qū)monsoonindex季風指數(shù)breakmonsoon季風中斷climatictype氣候型climaticclassification氣候分類climateregionalization氣候區(qū)劃climaticregion氣候區(qū)climaticbelt,climaiczone氣候

50、帶polarclimate極地氣候subarcticclimate副極地氣候temperateclimate溫帶氣候subtropicalclimate副熱帶氣候tropicalclimate熱帶氣候equatorialclimate赤道氣候K?ppensclimateclassification柯本氣候分類tropicalclimateA熱帶氣候類tropicalrainyclimate熱帶常濕氣候亞類tropicalwinterdryclimate熱帶冬干氣候亞類tropicalmonsoonrainclimate熱帶季風雨氣候亞類aridclimate干燥氣候類steppeclimate草原氣候亞類desertclimate沙漠氣候亞類wintermoderateclimate冬溫氣候類wintermoderateandwinterdryclimate冬溫冬干氣候亞類wintermoderateandsummerdryclimate冬溫夏干氣候亞類wintermoderateandrainyclimate冬溫常濕氣候亞類winterc