備戰(zhàn)中考英語形容詞

1、、 形容詞、副詞(一) 知識(shí)概要形容詞的用法很活躍，在英語中用處也很多，但英語中修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語和詞組有時(shí)不同，要特別加以注意。下面將初中學(xué)習(xí)階段中遇到的修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞和詞組歸納如下：many, no, several, some, a few, a lot, lots, plenty, plenty of, a lot of, a large number of, enough。而修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞或詞組如下：much, no, some, a lot, a great deal, lots, plenty, alot of, plenty of。 其中 some, no,

2、 a lot of, plenty of 既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。英語中形容詞與副詞有原級(jí)、構(gòu)詞法 原 級(jí)加 er，或 est talltaller tallest young younger youngest只加 r 或 st nicelargenicer larger、之分，其規(guī)則如下：nitlargest重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音big fat hot bigger fatter hotterbiggest fattesthottest字母時(shí)雙寫該字母加 er、est不規(guī)則變化的形容詞或副詞：原 級(jí)good better best Well better best bad w

3、orse worst badly worse worst many more most most more mostlittle less lestfar farther further farthest furthest old older elder oldest eldest要注意的是許多形容詞同時(shí)又是副詞，如：back, all, alone, either, far, high, slow 等。而有些形容詞則要經(jīng)過一定變化才能轉(zhuǎn)為副詞，其規(guī)律如下：構(gòu)詞法 形容詞 副 詞一般加 lyCareful kind carefully kindly末尾是 y 時(shí)將 y 變成i 加 ly Hap

4、pybusy easy Happily busily easily其 他 true terrible fullsible shy whole truly terribly fullysibly shyly wholly在學(xué)習(xí)過程中要注意其變化。此外并不是所有副詞都可以修飾和形容詞。能修飾的有：much, yet, far,still, a great deal, even 和 a little. 能修飾(二) 正誤辨析的有：the very, much the, far 等。誤 The young likes playing football very much.正 The young lik

5、e playing football very much.析 定冠詞加形容詞表示一類人，應(yīng)作復(fù)數(shù)。而定冠詞加形容詞表示抽象事物時(shí)則要看作單數(shù)，如：The beautiful is not always kindness.美麗并不總代表善良。誤 The danger has gone, so the worst are over.正 The danger has gone, so the worst is over.析 意為：已經(jīng)過去，最應(yīng)看作單數(shù)形式。誤 It is the gold age of the young.正 It is the golden age of the young.的狀

6、況已結(jié)束。用定冠詞加形容詞作主語時(shí)析 golden 在英語中多用于比喻，如：golden hair 金發(fā)，gulden voice 金嗓子。而 gold 多用于表達(dá)金質(zhì)的，如：a gold bar 金條，a gold coin 金幣，但 gold fish誤 She is a warm heart woman.例外。正 She is a warmhearted woman.析 英語形容詞的構(gòu)詞法很多，其中之一是由形容詞，或數(shù)詞，加名詞加 ed，如：warmhoarted 熱心腸的，whitehaired 白毛的誤正析There isive fishhe pool.he pool.There i

7、s a living fish在初中范圍內(nèi)所學(xué)到的以 a 字母開頭的形容詞一般不能作定語，只能作表語。如：The fish is alive.(魚還活著)這樣的形容詞有：alive, alike, alone, asleep, afraid, awake 等。誤正析The ill man nearly died. The sick man nearly died.ill 一般不作定語來形容有病，而要用 sick，但作表語時(shí)則都可以。如：He is illsick, ill 作定語時(shí)則另有他意，如：ill luck (厄運(yùn))，ill nature(天性惡劣),ill temper(心緒不好)誤

8、I have important something to正 I have something important tol you.l you.析 不定代詞 something, anyone, somebody在用形容詞修飾時(shí)，形容詞應(yīng)放其后。但要注意 thing 則不是不定代詞，不符合上述規(guī)律。如：I have an important thing to誤 Ill be free on next Sunday.正 Ill be free next Sunday.l you.析 在表達(dá)將來時(shí)的時(shí)候：next Sunday, nextyear 前都不加介詞。k, next year 或 las

9、t Sunday ,astk, last誤正正析The girl is two year old.The girl is two years old.She is a twoyearold girl由連字符連接若干名詞、數(shù)詞組成的形容詞，在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要記住兩點(diǎn)，其一是這些詞中的名詞都不要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：twothousandword report(兩千字的)；其二是這樣誤正析的形容詞只能作定語，即用于名詞之前，而不能作表語。The foreigners like those litteautiful Chipaings.paings.The foreigners like those beauti

10、ful little Chi在名詞前若有幾個(gè)形容詞作修飾語時(shí)，其順序如下。1. 指示代詞，定冠詞料但要注意的是英語的2. 數(shù)量詞 3. 性質(zhì)詞 4. 大小5. 形狀 6. 老少，新舊 7. 顏色 8. 材是一個(gè)名詞前的形容詞一般不要多于三個(gè)。如： What a pretty little white horse!Thosefew short English stories were not difficult to understand.誤 The best way to learn English good is to speak with Englishman every day.正 Th

11、e best way to learn English well is to speak with Englishman every day.析 good 是形容詞，這里是修飾動(dòng)詞 speak 的，所以應(yīng)用副詞 well，但 well 作形容詞講時(shí)只作身體好。如：He is well.(他身體很好)。He is good.(他是個(gè)好人)。誤正析誤正析The children play on the grass nappyly.The children play on the grass happily多音節(jié) y 結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時(shí)應(yīng)將 y 變?yōu)閕 再加ly. The teacher loo

12、ked angry at the students.The teacher looked angrily at the students.英語中感觀動(dòng)詞后面要接形容詞，這時(shí)它是修飾主語的，如：The food smells good.食物聞起來很香。The teacher looked angry 老師看起來很生氣。生氣地看著學(xué)生，所以應(yīng)用副詞形式。誤 He worked with me friendly.正 He was friendly to me.而此句的意思為：老師析 不是所有結(jié)尾是 ly 的詞都是副詞，但 friendly 是形容詞，這樣的詞還有 lovely, lonely, co

13、stly, livelymonthly weekly。但其中有些詞既是副詞，又是形容詞，如：early, hourly, monthly誤 You can speak free in front of your friends.正 You can speak freely in front of your friends.析 free 作為形容詞意為自由的，有空閑的，免費(fèi)的。作為副詞講則是免費(fèi)之意。而 freely 作為副詞則是自由的，隨便的。這些要注意的詞還有： hard 努力，艱苦 hardly 幾乎不 late 遲，晚 lately 最近的，最新的 near 近 nearly 幾乎 li

14、ke 像 likely 幾乎誤正析They must have arrived till now. They must have arrived by now.by now 是用于表達(dá)到目前為止某一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以應(yīng)用瞬間動(dòng)詞。而 till now是強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 must have+過去分詞是對(duì)過去某一事情所作的肯定推測(cè)。誤正析Someone called you right now. Someone called you just now.just now 有兩個(gè)意思，其一是剛才，其二是現(xiàn)在，而 right now 只能用于現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。just 則用

15、于完成時(shí)態(tài)，如： I have just finished my homework.誤 My father will be back from America at present.正 My father will be back from America presently.析 presently 有兩個(gè)意思：其一是最近，不久，其二在美語中是現(xiàn)在之意，與 at present相同。而 for the present 為暫時(shí)，如： I teach English in the school for the present.誤 Ill be back at the moment.正 Ill be

16、 back in a moment.析 at the moment 其意為現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)時(shí)，而 in a moment 意為馬上，過一會(huì)，與 in a minute意思相近。誤 The train from Shanghai will arrive here in time.正 The train from Shanghai will arrive here on time.析 on time 為準(zhǔn)時(shí)，而 in time 有兩個(gè)含意。其一是及時(shí)，其二是將來，終究。如：The doctor arrived in time。誤 I met an old friend sometimes last mon

17、th.正 I met an old friend sometime last month.析 Sometime 過去，或者將來某時(shí)。Sometimes 有時(shí)如：如：如：Sometimes I go to school by bus.I need sometime to do mySome time 一些時(shí)間.Some times 幾次I went to Shanghai some times this month.at times 有時(shí)，偶爾at all times 經(jīng)常some other time 改天誤正正I had met an old friend three days ago.I

18、had met an old friend three days before. I met an old friend three days ago.ago 用在時(shí)間狀語中時(shí)，主句中謂語動(dòng)詞一般用過去時(shí)，而 before 用于時(shí)間狀語時(shí)則主句的謂語動(dòng)詞宜用完成時(shí)態(tài)。誤正析He studied very hard. and atHe studied very hard, andhe passed the exam.he end he passed the exam.he endast 意為最終，終于，表達(dá)經(jīng)過若干努力而達(dá)到的結(jié)果。而 at是在某事的結(jié)束時(shí)如何如何，如：Atof class, t

19、he teacher gave us some story books。誤正析誤正析I will come here to help you each three days. I will come here to help you every three days.every three days 為每三天，即每隔二天，而 every other day 為每隔一天。He didnt go to the cinema yesterday. and I didnt go, too. He didnt go to the cinema yesterday and I didnt go eithe

20、r.英語中表示也，有 4 個(gè)詞，also, as ,well, too, either，但 either 用于否定句中，而前3 個(gè)用于肯定句中。在肯定句中 too 與 as well 一般要用在句尾，而 also 則可用于句中。如：She went to the party and her boy friend went there too. 又如： Ive also read her other novels.誤 We should help the po正 We should help the poirl in anyway.irl in any way.析 anyway 為不管怎么講，無

21、論如何，如：Whahurt.errible accident, anyway noasany way 為任何方式。這種常見的錯(cuò)誤還發(fā)生在以下幾組詞中，如：everyday 日常的 every day 每天faraway 遙遠(yuǎn)的 far away 遠(yuǎn)離altogether 總計(jì) all together 一塊，大家一起already 已經(jīng) all ready 全準(zhǔn)備好了誤正析誤正析誤正You can come to the doctors at anytime. You can come to the doctors at any time.anytime 是副詞 而 any time 中的 t

22、ime 是名詞。She said nearly nothing. She said almost nothing.nearly 與 almost 的含意相近，在很多場(chǎng)合可以互換，但在否定詞前用 almost。There are too muistakes in your.There are too many mistakes in your析too much 后接不可數(shù)名詞，如：There is too much water for the flowers. 而 too many 后加可數(shù)名詞，much too 后面加形容詞，如：It is much too difficult to lear

23、n English well.誤 It is late enought we can go home now.正 It is late enough for us to go home now.析 要注意的是 enough 后面一般不接從句而接不定式，或不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：for somebody to do something。誤正析誤- Once aThe twins are very alike. The twins are much alike.用 a 為首字母的形容詞不能用 very 修飾，一般要用 much 來修飾。- How long does he write to his pa

24、rents? k.正 - How often does he write to his parents?- Once ak.析 英文與中文表達(dá)法不同，隔多長時(shí)間辦一次某事，實(shí)際上問的是該事發(fā)生的頻率，所以要用 how often。誤正析As soon as I arrive in New York, Ill call up you. As soon as I arrive in New York, Ill call you up.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞詞組的賓語是人稱代詞時(shí)則一定要放于動(dòng)詞之后，如果是名詞則可以放在詞組其后。如：I want to watch TV. Please turn on the TV

25、. 也可以講： Please turn the TV on.誤 He drove quickly his new car.正 He drove his new car quickly.析 副詞在句中的位置很活，但主要有以下幾種用法：實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，如：He quicklygive me the answer. 在be 動(dòng)詞之后，如：The littoy is often late for class. 第一助動(dòng)詞之后，如：This book has almost been finished. 在單獨(dú)使用的 be 動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之前，如：Can you help me this afternoon?

26、I certainly can.但是無論如何也不能將副詞置于動(dòng)詞與賓語之間，如果是賓語從句或是很長的名詞詞組作賓語則才可以這樣用：He heard clearly what the teacher said.誤正析首。誤正析The children came late yesterday to the cinema. The children came late to the cinema yesterday.表示一定長度的時(shí)間的副詞不應(yīng)放于句中，可放于句尾。如果表示強(qiáng)調(diào)則可放于句You have few new books, havent you? you have few new book

27、s, have you?英語中的數(shù)量形容詞有兩組。修飾可數(shù)名詞的有 few(很少，幾乎沒有)，a few(有一些，幾個(gè))；修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有 little (很少，幾乎沒有)，a little(有一點(diǎn)，有一些)。要注意的是當(dāng) few 和 little 用于句中時(shí)應(yīng)看作否定句，而 a few 和 a little 用于句中時(shí)則應(yīng)看作是肯定句。誤 He spent quiittle money on his food.正 He spent quite a little money on his food.析 quite a 為一固定用法，其意為十分，相當(dāng)，所以。 quite a fewmany,

28、quite a littlemuch 而 only a littlelittle, only a few=few.誤 Do you want to have many bread?正 Do you want to have some bread?析 some 與 any 都可以用作形容詞、副詞或代詞，在一般情況下，some 用于肯定句，any 用于疑問句和否定句，但在希望得到肯定答復(fù)時(shí)，應(yīng)用 some。 其次是 some 可以用來修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。誤正析PleasePleasel me where the shoes shop is?l me where the shoe shop i

29、s.在用名詞作修飾詞來修飾另一名詞時(shí)，這個(gè)作修飾詞的名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，如：a shoe shop 鞋店a fruit shop 水果店a book shop 書店aat office 郵局sion局a bus stop 汽車站誤 He is weak at physics.正 He is weak in physics.析 在表達(dá)擅長于作某事時(shí)用 be good at something, 而其反意詞為 be bad at something，但 be weak in something。誤正析誤正析This dictionary is worth to buy. This dictionar

30、y is worth buying.be worth 后可接動(dòng)、名詞表達(dá)值得作某事，又可接價(jià)格、金錢表示值。t afraid oft be afraid oft.t.afraid 在英文中是形容詞而不是動(dòng)詞。這樣的詞組還有：be afraid of 害怕 be careful ofbe certain of 有把握，確定 be sure of 確信be glad of 高興 be sick of 厭惡be fond of 喜歡誤 The work has already beene well.正 The work has already been welle.析 well 與 badly 作副

31、詞時(shí)，表示好壞，如果句子是語態(tài)，則應(yīng)放在過去分詞之前，如：This machine has been badly damaged. 如果句子是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，則應(yīng)放于句末，如：I did mywell.誤 We are yethe classroom now.正 We are alreadyhe classroom now.析 already 主要用于肯定句，而 yet 多用于否定句和疑問句中，如：Did you finish it? No. not yet.誤正誤正Look. Here comes he! Look! Here he comes! Look! Here the bus comes!

32、Look! Here comes the bus!析 在句子開頭用 Here 時(shí)，如主語是人稱代詞則不要用倒裝語序，如果主語是名詞則要用倒裝語序。誤 She is my older sister.正 She is my elder sister.析 elder 和 eldest 是用來指家庭中兄弟姐妹的長幼關(guān)系，而 older, oldest 則是指歲數(shù)大多少，如：She is three years older誤 Im tired. I cant go further.正 Im tired. I cant go farther.n I.析 far 有兩個(gè)farther 較遠(yuǎn)的，further

33、 進(jìn)一步的，如：Do you need any furtherexplanation? 你需要進(jìn)一步的解釋嗎?當(dāng)然它也有兩個(gè)。farthest 和 furthest.誤正析誤I went to Beijing University five years before. I went to Beijing University five years ago.ago 常與過去時(shí)連用，而 before 則多與完成時(shí)連用。- Have you finished your?No, not already.正 - Have you finished yourNo, not yet.?析 仍然有三個(gè)英文字可

34、以表達(dá)它們是 already， yet 與 still。 要注意的是 already 經(jīng)常用于肯定句中，如 The bus has already gone。 而yet 多用于疑問句和否定句中，如：Haveyou finished youryet? 而 still 則常用于主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間，如：We still cantdecide what to do. 但也有時(shí)用于 be 動(dòng)詞之后，如：He is still here.誤正析誤正He is very highern I am.He is much higher much 可以用來修飾Can I walk to the sCan I wa

35、lk to the sn I am.，而 very 則用來修飾形容詞原級(jí)，如：Im very tired. ion?- Youd better not. It is very far.ion?- Youd better not, It is a long way.析 for 一般用在疑問句與否定句中，如：How far is it from here to the sion? 又如：It isnt far.誤 Ive ever been to America.正 Ive been to America once.析 once 多用于肯定句，而 ever 則用于疑問句，否定句，及條件狀語從句中，

36、如：Haveyou ever been to Lon?誤 - Could you pass the exam this time?No, I am not afraid so.正 - Could you pass the exam this time?No, Im afraid not.析 在肯定的答語中可以用 so 來代替上句所講的事件，如：Do you think she is a goodstudent? Yes I think so, /I hope so, /I beve so/ Im afraid so.但在否定的答語中，英語口語的習(xí)慣用法則有所不同，如，Inot.t think

37、so 而在 hope, belive 與 afraid 后則常用not， 如：I hope誤 She didnt work enough hard, so she couldnt pass the exam.正 She didnt work hard enough, so she couldnt pass the exam.析 enough 可以作名詞用，如：Enough has been said for how to learn English well. (對(duì)于如何學(xué)好英語已經(jīng)講的足夠多了。) 另外它可以作為形容詞，如：I have enough money (or money enou

38、gh) to buy this dictionary. 注意 enough 作為形容詞時(shí)即可放于名詞前又可放于名詞后，在初中范圍的考題中多用于名詞之前。如果 enough 作為副詞用，那么它一定要放在被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。誤 You cant be very careful.正 You cant be too careful.析 此句話的含意是你如何也不過分。tooto 的用法是太以至于不能作某事。但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用時(shí)也常常將后面的 to 省去，如：It is too expensive for me.那對(duì)我來講是太貴了。誤正析He is good past fifty. He is well

39、past fifty.well 作為副詞用時(shí)除用于好之外還有大大地、遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地，等意。往往有人對(duì)下面兩句的對(duì)或錯(cuò)有爭(zhēng)議；He is well. He is good.其實(shí)這兩句都是正確的表達(dá)法，只不過其含意不同。He is well 是他身體不錯(cuò)，而 He is good則為他是個(gè)好人。誤 She is not as half clever as her brother.正 She is nolf as clever as her brother.析 在 asas 結(jié)構(gòu)中要將修飾形容詞的數(shù)量詞倍數(shù)及 nearly, almost, exactly 等置 于第一個(gè) as 之前。誤正析誤正He is

40、same age as Tom.He is the same age as Tom.the sameas 是固定的用法，其中定冠詞 the 是不可省也不能換成別的詞的。Mother and her daughter are exactly like. Mother and her daughter are exactly alike.* like 作為介詞，其意為像，應(yīng)用于 look like, be like, sound like, 其后要加賓語。而alike是形容詞，或副詞，如: You and I think alike. The twins are dressed alike。 但

41、alike 僅作表語而不能用于名詞前作定語。誤正析誤正析Who is taller of the two?Who is the taller of the two?兩者的之前要加定冠詞。I have less booksI have fewer books less 是 little 的n Tom.n Tom.，而 fewer 是 few 的。less 后應(yīng)加不可數(shù)名詞而 fewer后是可數(shù)名詞。誤正析誤正析There are three girls There are three girls在兩者之間應(yīng)用y group. The cleverer is Mary. y group. The

42、cleverest is Mary.，在三者之間或三者以上的范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用。The boy sat there as quiet as his sister. The boy sat there as quietly as his sister.asas 的用法要注意的是：在其中間應(yīng)加形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，而不可加，也有的語法書中稱為同級(jí)比較。要根據(jù)句意決定是加形容詞還是副詞，這要看它具體是修飾動(dòng)詞還是名詞而定，如：He is as good as his friend.誤正析The harder you study, and you can learn more. The harder you s

43、tudy, the more you can learn.英文中如果要表達(dá)越來越怎樣，在初中范圍有兩種表達(dá)法：+and+。定冠詞+容詞的，如：The nights are getting longer and longer。 要注意的是多音節(jié)形前要加 more，這樣的用法是：more and more 加形容詞，如：The girl is growingmore and more beautiful.誤 Studying physics is not so正 Studying physics is not soeresting as to learn English.eresting as learning English.析 在作比較時(shí)，英語一般要求對(duì)比的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致。如用動(dòng)名詞，應(yīng)都用動(dòng)名詞，用不定式時(shí)則都用不定式。但有時(shí)在后一個(gè)不定式前的符號(hào) to 可以省略。如：To repair the old one is as much expensive as (to) buy a new one.誤 The girl is more cleverern the boy.正 The girl