四級(jí)聽(tīng)力compound

1、大學(xué)(dxu)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)(tngxi)共三十一頁(yè)聽(tīng)力部分的出題形式(xngsh)復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě) 復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)(tngxi)是一種綜合性的測(cè)試手段，是對(duì)考生的語(yǔ)音、詞匯量、語(yǔ)法、記筆記和書(shū)面表達(dá)能力的全面測(cè)試。 復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)部分的出題形式是單詞聽(tīng)寫(xiě)和句子聽(tīng)寫(xiě)：共三十一頁(yè)復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)(tngxi)中的微技能一、復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)中的單詞聽(tīng)寫(xiě)：1詞匯類型，實(shí)詞為主2詞性變換，注意詞尾（1）名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)及所有格形式（2）動(dòng)詞的正確形式（3）形容詞和副詞3同音(tn yn)、近音，擺脫陷阱4難詞考察，注意積累5易錯(cuò)單詞，仔細(xì)認(rèn)真共三十一頁(yè)1詞匯類型(lixng)，實(shí)詞為主：復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)所考核(koh)的詞匯部分

2、基本為實(shí)詞。通過(guò)我們對(duì)2005年1月的四級(jí)真題的分析，我們可以得出以下表格：再看2006年6月的四級(jí)真題。名詞動(dòng)詞形容詞adv.2005.1真題qualityvalueinvestigaterecommendfamiliaradditionalperhaps共三十一頁(yè)復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)所考核的詞匯部分(b fen)基本為實(shí)詞。通過(guò)我們對(duì)2006-6真題的分析，我們可以得出以下表格：從上述表格中，我們可以看出，復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)詞匯部分聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的詞多為名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等實(shí)詞。名詞動(dòng)詞形容詞副詞2006-6真題futureschedulewastetrainedadmire consideratevisibl

3、enecessarily1詞匯(chu)類型，實(shí)詞為主：共三十一頁(yè)2詞性變換(binhun)，注意詞尾：（1）名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)及所有格形式：如2008-6的題中名詞幾乎都以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)：labor，ingredients，individuals，figures 如果我們?cè)谔顚?xiě)名詞時(shí)把握不準(zhǔn)到底是否需要填寫(xiě)復(fù)數(shù)形式，可以先判斷該詞是否有單復(fù)數(shù)，再聯(lián)系上下文的內(nèi)容來(lái)確定。 此外，名詞的考核還應(yīng)注意所有格形式和復(fù)數(shù)的區(qū)別。由于所有格形式是在名詞后加s，其發(fā)音與名詞的復(fù)數(shù)相近，比較難以(nny)辨別。在新樣題中第二句：Russia produces about 17 percent of the worl

4、ds greenhouse gases. 共三十一頁(yè)2詞性(cxng)變換，注意詞尾：（2）動(dòng)詞的正確形式： 動(dòng)詞要注意詞尾變化，如：與主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)相對(duì)應(yīng)的變化，時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化等等。在2006年6月的真題中就有：as Americans are (37) trained to see things unless people use their time for constructive activities. 2008年6月的真題中又有：you can expect to be generating, processing as well as exchanging information.

5、 因此，在填寫(xiě)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，一定要根據(jù)(gnj)上下文和動(dòng)詞在該句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞肿屑?xì)辨別。共三十一頁(yè)（3）形容詞和副詞對(duì)于非派生形容詞來(lái)說(shuō)，我們只需注意到它們的正確拼寫(xiě)，如：various，particular，dynamic都屬于該類 但是，對(duì)于那些由我們熟悉的名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞通過(guò)派生法變化過(guò)來(lái)的副詞、形容詞，就需格外引起注意。要注意是否雙寫(xiě)末字母，是否把末尾(mwi)的“字母y”予以變形等。如樣題中balanced，environmental；2006年6月真題中的considerate，visible，necessarily都屬于這一類。此外還有通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法生成的新詞，我們?cè)谄磳?xiě)該詞的時(shí)候，

6、既要判斷表示否定的前綴是“in-”還是“im-”，還要注意如何把該詞變成一個(gè)副詞，如：im-person-al-ly。共三十一頁(yè)3同音(tn yn)、近音，擺脫陷阱： 同音詞一直是聽(tīng)寫(xiě)部分最大的障礙之一。很多聽(tīng)力題目的設(shè)置就是用來(lái)考查考生的辨音能力。最保險(xiǎn)、也最為直接的方法(fngf)就是在聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的時(shí)候聽(tīng)清文章的內(nèi)容，然后再在容易混淆的詞匯里面確認(rèn)出正確的詞語(yǔ)，不要過(guò)分依賴自己捕捉到的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)而“斷詞取義”。如：2006年6月真題中waste就與waist同音，這一方面要求我們?cè)谄匠５挠⒄Z(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，注意單詞的正確發(fā)音，另一方面也告訴我們應(yīng)該做一個(gè)有心人，注意日積月累，把四級(jí)聽(tīng)力中容易混淆的音近詞進(jìn)

7、行積累。共三十一頁(yè)4難詞考察，注意(zh y)積累：樣題中第38題所填的“negotiate”一詞就有相當(dāng)難度(nd)。類似的單詞每次考試都會(huì)有一些，比如：2001年6月考題中的“emotionally”；2003年1月考題中的“species”、“mysterious”、“ruining”；2004年6月考題中的“established”、“instruments”；2005年1月考題中的“investigated”、“recommend”等詞。 2007年12月考題中的“comparison” 、“proportion”及生僻詞“sheer”等。2008年6月考題中的“ingredient

8、s”和“individuals”等詞共三十一頁(yè)5易錯(cuò)單詞(dnc)，仔細(xì)認(rèn)真：容易拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤的詞匯，比如：樣題第43題中“environmental”一詞中的“n”往往因?yàn)榭忌l(fā)音不到位而被忽略，類似的詞還有“government”等。以往的四級(jí)考題中曾出過(guò)“recommend”就很容易被誤拼為“recommand”(2005年1月第5空)；“quality”就很容易和“quantity”混淆(2005年1月第1空)；再如2004年6月的“permitted”一詞的重讀閉音節(jié)的雙寫(xiě)等都是這類考察的例子。還有一些詞，雖然拼寫(xiě)很簡(jiǎn)單，但由于粗心，也容易造成不必要的錯(cuò)誤(cuw)。如2008年6月中的

9、“l(fā)abo(u)r”一詞，有人就寫(xiě)成“l(fā)aber”。 共三十一頁(yè)復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)(tngxi)中的微技能二、復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)中的句子聽(tīng)寫(xiě)：復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的最后三題要求寫(xiě)3個(gè)長(zhǎng)度在15-25個(gè)詞之間的句子。既可用所聽(tīng)到的原詞寫(xiě)出正確的句子，也可以用自己的話語(yǔ)闡述原句的主要意思。它比聽(tīng)力選擇題更強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力，考生不僅要具有良好的聽(tīng)的能力，還應(yīng)具有較強(qiáng)的拼寫(xiě)(pnxi)能力，記筆記能力和書(shū)面表達(dá)能力。長(zhǎng)句的聽(tīng)寫(xiě)應(yīng)該注意以下幾方面的問(wèn)題。共三十一頁(yè)1聽(tīng)前瀏覽(li ln)，捕捉信息?！皬?fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)”材料(cilio)多為說(shuō)明文，該體裁的文章具有主題突出，條理分明，層次清楚，邏輯性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)。文章的開(kāi)頭、段落的段首

10、多半是主題句，隨后的段、句進(jìn)一步具體擴(kuò)展、說(shuō)明或論證主題句。考生要利用一切機(jī)會(huì)，如考前空隙或播放考試指令的時(shí)間，瀏覽試卷的文字部分、尤其是主題句，根據(jù)主題句猜測(cè)文章發(fā)展的線索和大意。即使該部分材料(cilio)為其他體裁的文章，聽(tīng)前瀏覽也大有裨益，我們可以從中搜索到一些有參考價(jià)值的信息?？忌诼?tīng)音前迅速瀏覽所給的文字材料，從中發(fā)現(xiàn)一些背景信息，增強(qiáng)對(duì)文章的認(rèn)知度和熟悉感，力求縮小文章的話題范圍，聽(tīng)音時(shí)更具有針對(duì)性和準(zhǔn)確性，心理放松，自信，使自己在考試中處于主動(dòng)地位。 共三十一頁(yè)1聽(tīng)前瀏覽(li ln)，捕捉信息。Were now witnessing the emergence of an a

11、dvanced economy based on information and knowledge. Physical (36) _, raw materials, and capital are no longer the key (37) _ in the creation of wealth. Now, the (38) _ raw material in our economy is knowledge. Tomorrows wealth depends on the development and exchange of knowledge. And (39) _ entering

12、 the workforce offer their knowledge, not their muscles. Knowledge workers get paid for their education and their ability to learn. Knowledge worker (40) _ in mind work. They deal with symbols: words, (41) _ , and data. 共三十一頁(yè)Were now witnessing the emergence of an advanced economy based on informati

13、on and knowledge. Physical (36) labor, raw materials, and capital are no longer the key (37) ingredients in the creation of wealth. Now, the (38) vital raw material in our economy is knowledge. Tomorrows wealth depends on the development and exchange of knowledge. And (39) individuals entering the w

14、orkforce offer their knowledge, not their muscles. Knowledge workers get paid for their education and their ability to learn. Knowledge worker (40) engage in mind work. They deal with symbols: words, (41) figures , and data. 1聽(tīng)前瀏覽，捕捉(bzhu)信息。共三十一頁(yè)2聯(lián)想(linxing)預(yù)測(cè)，綜合判斷。總體來(lái)說(shuō)聽(tīng)力技巧包括聽(tīng)前的預(yù)測(cè)準(zhǔn)備，聽(tīng)中的判斷記憶，以及聽(tīng)后的整理

15、與表達(dá)。聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)是指在迅速瀏覽的基礎(chǔ)上，聯(lián)想預(yù)測(cè)將要(jingyo)聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容的類型和結(jié)構(gòu)甚至主題。這樣考生聽(tīng)的時(shí)候，就可避免因?yàn)檫^(guò)分注重每個(gè)單詞而影響對(duì)全句中心思想的理解。文章具有一致性，連貫性的特點(diǎn)，這成為我們聽(tīng)前預(yù)測(cè)的客觀依據(jù)。再經(jīng)過(guò)我們的綜合判斷，為聽(tīng)的過(guò)程做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。當(dāng)然這個(gè)過(guò)程是我們思維的閃電，是在數(shù)秒鐘之內(nèi)完成的。 共三十一頁(yè)What does all this mean for you? As a future knowledge worker, you can expect to be (42) _ , processing as well as exchanging i

16、nformation. (43) _, three out of four jobs involve some form of mind work, and that number will increase sharply in the future. Management and employees alike (44) _ _ In the new world of work, you can look forward to being in constant training (45) _ _ (46)_ _ And dont wait for someone to “empower”

17、 you. You have to empower yourself. 2聯(lián)想預(yù)測(cè)，綜合(zngh)判斷。 will be making decisions in such areas as product development, quality control, and customer satisfaction.generatingCurrently to acquire new skills that will help you keep up with improved technologies and procedures. Dont expect the companies wi

18、ll provide you with a clearly defined career path. 共三十一頁(yè)3聽(tīng)寫(xiě)(tngxi)結(jié)合，雙管齊下。 復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)第一遍注意聽(tīng)懂全文內(nèi)容，由于聽(tīng)前的瀏覽，對(duì)聽(tīng)力材料有了大致了解，因此可以適當(dāng)填寫(xiě)單詞和做些筆記。但以聽(tīng)為主，記為輔。復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)要求學(xué)生具有比較強(qiáng)的邊聽(tīng)邊記的能力。聽(tīng)的過(guò)程貫穿著期待，預(yù)知，分析，綜合，推理和判斷等一系列過(guò)程?？焖儆涥P(guān)鍵詞的同時(shí)，還要有效而且專注地去聽(tīng)，獲取信息理解全文。聽(tīng)寫(xiě)中邊聽(tīng)邊記，聽(tīng)為手段，寫(xiě)為目的。聽(tīng)和記兩種不同的技能在“復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)”中緊密聯(lián)系，相互促進(jìn)。第一遍記關(guān)鍵詞有助于第二遍聽(tīng)寫(xiě)時(shí)啟發(fā)記憶，提示要點(diǎn)。同時(shí)也減

19、輕了第二遍筆記的任務(wù)，使筆記更加充實(shí)(chngsh)、完整，因此寫(xiě)出的內(nèi)容才能更全面、完整。 共三十一頁(yè)For Americans time is money, they say, “You only get so much time in this life; youd better use it wisely.” The (36)_ will not be better than the past or present, as Americans are (37) _ to see things unless people use their time for constructive a

20、ctivities. Thus Americans (38) _ a “well-organized” person, one who has a written list of things to do and a (39) for doing them. The ideal person is (40) and is considerate of other peoples time. They do not (41) _ peoples time with conversation or other activity that has no visible (42) _ outcome.

21、 The American attitude toward time is not (43)_ shared by others, especially non-Europeans. 3聽(tīng)寫(xiě)(tngxi)結(jié)合，雙管齊下。共三十一頁(yè)For Americans time is money, they say, “You only get so much time in this life; youd better use it wisely.” The (36) future will not be better than the past or present, as Americans are

22、 (37) trained to see things unless people use their time for constructive activities. Thus Americans (38) admire a “well-organized” person, one who has a written list of things to do and a (39) schedule for doing them. The ideal person is (40) punctual and is considerate of other peoples time. They

23、do not (41) waste peoples time with conversation or other activity that has no visible (42) beneficial outcome.The American attitude toward time is not (43) necessarily shared by others, especially non-Europeans. 3聽(tīng)寫(xiě)(tngxi)結(jié)合，雙管齊下。共三十一頁(yè)They are more likely to regard time as (44) _ _. One of the more

24、 difficult things many students must adjust to in the States is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.In this context (45) _, McDonalds, KFC, and other fast food establishments are successful in the country while many people want to spend the least amount of

25、their time preparing and eating meals. As McDonalds restaurants (46) _, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness. 3聽(tīng)寫(xiě)(tngxi)結(jié)合，雙管齊下。共三十一頁(yè)They are more likely to regard time as (44) sth thats simply there around them, not sth they can use. One of the mo

26、re difficult things many students must adjust to in the states is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.In this context, (45) the fast food industry can be seen as a clear example of an American culture product. McDonalds, KFC, and other fast food establishme

27、nts are successful in the country while many people want to spend the least amount of their time preparing and eating meals. As McDonalds restaurants (46) spread around the world, they have been viewed as symbols of American society and culture, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed,

28、 efficiency, and shiny cleanliness. 3聽(tīng)寫(xiě)結(jié)合(jih)，雙管齊下。共三十一頁(yè)寫(xiě)句子時(shí)光憑記憶往往容易疏漏和錯(cuò)誤，所以足夠信息量的筆記是寫(xiě)好要點(diǎn)的重要條件。下面介紹幾種(j zhn)做筆記的方法。1. 學(xué)會(huì)使用縮略語(yǔ)、符號(hào)等。如用esp代especially, sth代something ，apprec代appreciation;代替percent等。如果沒(méi)有縮略語(yǔ)，字母少的單詞可以寫(xiě)出，但是字母多的單詞可以只寫(xiě)該詞前幾個(gè)字母。這時(shí)的要求就是快速、省時(shí)，并能表達(dá)含義?？s略語(yǔ)不一定要規(guī)范，只要能夠起到提示作用，能夠看懂就行。如(45) curr; appr;

29、green；(46) aggr.; 先速記，然后再展開(kāi)這些單詞，這樣所聽(tīng)的內(nèi)容就不易漏掉。此外，還會(huì)出現(xiàn)另一種現(xiàn)象，就是聽(tīng)懂了詞意，不會(huì)正確拼寫(xiě)。遇到這樣的問(wèn)題，我們不妨從上下文找一找，看是否有幫助提示的地方。例如：(45) Protocol4有效(yuxio)筆記，理解記憶。共三十一頁(yè)（2）要有選擇地記筆記。英語(yǔ)中實(shí)詞具有表意功能，而虛詞多具有語(yǔ)法功能，所以應(yīng)該以記實(shí)詞為主。（3）“復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)(tngxi)”第二部分只要求寫(xiě)出內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，這樣考生應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)記下句中的中心詞。一些定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等可有可無(wú)的修飾成分便可略去不記。這樣可以壓縮所記詞語(yǔ)，贏得時(shí)間，精練了內(nèi)容，增大了筆記的信息量，為寫(xiě)好內(nèi)容要

30、點(diǎn)創(chuàng)造了條件。(45) to acquire new skills that will help you keep up with improved technologies and procedures. (46) Dont expect the companies will provide you with a clearly defined career path. 4有效筆記，理解(lji)記憶。共三十一頁(yè)第二遍讀過(guò)后(guhu)有幾分鐘的停頓，主要供考生整理筆記。這個(gè)過(guò)程中要從整體把握，分清主次，有所取舍，使句子表達(dá)簡(jiǎn)潔、通順、完整?？蓪⒕渥觾?nèi)容分為幾點(diǎn)，清楚明白，一目了然。要點(diǎn)盡可

31、能用完整的簡(jiǎn)單句表達(dá)，若時(shí)間緊也可用短語(yǔ)表達(dá)，句式不宜復(fù)雜，總之，句子表達(dá)既要簡(jiǎn)潔明了，又要概括出所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容的全部要點(diǎn)，使內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)與語(yǔ)言表達(dá)做到有機(jī)的統(tǒng)一。(45) the fast food industry can be seen as a clear example of an American culture product(46) they have been viewed as symbols of American society and culture 5整體(zhngt)把握，表達(dá)要點(diǎn)。共三十一頁(yè)前面五點(diǎn)闡述了聽(tīng)音前、聽(tīng)音中和聽(tīng)音后所要掌握的一些技巧。最后這兩點(diǎn)從整體上來(lái)(sh

32、ngli)把握復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的特點(diǎn)我們知道，復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的長(zhǎng)句有簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。并列句常常會(huì)用not only but also, and, but, as well as等關(guān)聯(lián)詞。對(duì)這些信號(hào)詞的留意有助于我們更好地把握句子的中心與要點(diǎn)，不至于有疏漏。（44）What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite. （46）There are bound to be some words and phrases that belong in formal language and others

33、 that are informal. 6?？季涫?j sh)，心中有數(shù)。are bound to bepredetermined; certain共三十一頁(yè)Students pressure sometimes comes from their parents. Most parents are well (36) _ but some of them arent very helpful with the problems their sons and daughters have in (37) _ to college, and a few of them seem to go out

34、 of their way to add to their childrens difficulties. For one thing, parents are often not (38) _ of the kinds of problems their children face. They dont realize that the (39) _ is keener, that the required (40) _ of work are higher, and that their children may not be prepared for the change. (41) _

35、 to seeing As and Bs on high school report cards, they may be upset when their childrens first (42) _ college grades are below that level. At their kindest, they may gently (43) _ why John or Mary isnt doing better, whether he or she is trying as hard as he or she should, and so on. 6?？季涫?j sh)，心中有數(shù)

36、。共三十一頁(yè)Students pressure sometimes comes from their parents. Most parents are well (36) meaning but some of them arent very helpful with the problems their sons and daughters have in (37) adjusting to college, and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their childrens difficulties. For o

37、ne thing, parents are often not (38) aware of the kinds of problems their children face. They dont realize that the (39) competition is keener, that the required (40) standards of work are higher, and that their children may not be prepared for the change. (41) Accustomed to seeing As and Bs on high school report cards, they may be upset when th