高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題總復(fù)習(xí)第8講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、專題一 單項(xiàng)填空第 8 講 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 1. Bats are surprisingly longlived creatures, some _ a life span of around 20 years. A. having B. had C. have D. to have 【答案及解析】1. A考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為“令人驚訝的是，蝙蝠是長(zhǎng)壽的動(dòng)物，有些能活20年左右?！県ad和have是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，題中沒有連詞，無(wú)法并存兩個(gè)句子。to have表將來；having表伴隨。 2. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ f

2、or words. A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost【答案及解析】2. B考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為“甚至最優(yōu)秀的作家有時(shí)也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們難以用文字表達(dá)自己?！眑ose是及物動(dòng)詞，A、C、D項(xiàng)都是主動(dòng)式，空格后沒有l(wèi)ose的賓語(yǔ)，故用過去分詞lost當(dāng)形容詞用，作find themselves的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 3. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city_by their enthusiastic supporters. A. being chee

3、red B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered【答案及解析】3. C考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為“如果他們贏了今晚的決賽，隊(duì)員們將會(huì)巡游全城，接受熱心支持者的歡呼。”A項(xiàng)being cheered正在進(jìn)行；B項(xiàng)be cheered是謂語(yǔ)原形；D項(xiàng)were cheered也是謂語(yǔ)，但句中已有謂語(yǔ)are going to；C項(xiàng)to be cheered表示將來，同時(shí)也表示被動(dòng)。 4. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve ou

4、r health. A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 【答案及解析】4. C考查if條件句的省略?！敬鸢讣敖馕觥勘揪涞闹髡Z(yǔ)是the experiment，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是shows, that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句的主干是：proper amounts of exercise can improve our health, if _ regularly是插入的條件從句，其完整形式是：if it is carried out regularly，省略了it is。整個(gè)句意為：這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)動(dòng)，

5、如果有規(guī)律地進(jìn)行，有利于我們的身體健康。 5. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing【答案及解析】5. D考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。賓語(yǔ)從句中的主干為：young children must be in a child safety seat。under the age of four and _ less

6、than 40 pounds用于修飾賓語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)children?！敬鸢讣敖馕觥縿?dòng)詞weigh與名詞children是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選擇weighing。句意：交通法則規(guī)定4歲以下并且體重不超過40磅的幼兒必須坐在幼兒安全座上。 6. There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain. A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating【答案及解析】6. B考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是indic

7、ating 短語(yǔ)作evidence的后置定語(yǔ)，其中that music activitiesthe brain是動(dòng)語(yǔ)indicate的賓語(yǔ)從句。 動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞)和動(dòng)名詞統(tǒng)稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?，F(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)將現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞合為一大類叫做v.ing形式。動(dòng)詞不定式、過去分詞及v.ing形式在句中均不能作謂語(yǔ)用，所以叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式多樣，應(yīng)用廣泛，且在句中起著很活躍的作用，也是語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。1動(dòng)詞不定式的形式變化 動(dòng)詞不定式的要點(diǎn) 2.動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法(1)作主語(yǔ)：To help each other is good. 動(dòng)詞不定式能起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作

8、用，可在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)用。(動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末)，如：It is good to help each other. (2)作表語(yǔ)：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 動(dòng)詞不定式的要點(diǎn)(3)作賓語(yǔ)：作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，如：She wishes to be a musician. 作某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)：這類形容詞一般有g(shù)lad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious

9、, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking. 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式之前有疑問詞時(shí)，就可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? 動(dòng)詞不定式的要點(diǎn)(4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式須將to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the

10、street. (5)作定語(yǔ)：須位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后，如：Is this the best way to help him?動(dòng)詞不定式的要點(diǎn)(6)作狀語(yǔ)：目的狀語(yǔ)： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：They lived to see the liberation of their home town. 他們活到親眼見到了他們家鄉(xiāng)的解放。動(dòng)詞不定式的要點(diǎn)1ing的形式動(dòng)詞ing形式的要點(diǎn) 2.ing形式的基本用法(1)作主語(yǔ)：Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。(2)作表語(yǔ)：Her job

11、 is washing and cooking. (3)作賓語(yǔ)：作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。She likes drawing very much.作某些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。Mary is thinking of going back to New York. 動(dòng)詞ing形式的要點(diǎn) do限定詞(my, some, any, the等)v.ing，表示“做事”之意，如：do some cleaning打掃衛(wèi)生do some shopping購(gòu)物作介詞的賓語(yǔ)：Her sister is good at learning physics.作形容詞worth, busy等的賓語(yǔ)：This book is well

12、worth reading. 動(dòng)詞ing形式的要點(diǎn)(4)作定語(yǔ)：The sleeping child is only five years old. (5)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 可以帶有這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。動(dòng)詞ing形式的要點(diǎn)(6)作狀語(yǔ)：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Seeing Tom, I couldnt help thinking of his brother. 分詞在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前一般可加when或while，如

13、：When crossing street, you must be careful. 原因狀語(yǔ)：Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)：Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. 動(dòng)詞ing形式的要點(diǎn)1. 作定語(yǔ)：如果是一個(gè)單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞之前；如果是分詞短語(yǔ)，就位于其修飾的名詞之后。如：The stolen car was found by the police last week. 2. 作表語(yǔ)：表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句中的主語(yǔ)，如：The gl

14、ass is broken. 3. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，句中的賓語(yǔ)就是其邏輯主語(yǔ)，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 過去分詞的要點(diǎn) 4. 作狀語(yǔ)：相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般都是主句的主語(yǔ)，是過去分詞所表示意義的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。為了使作狀語(yǔ)的過去分詞意義更加明確，常在分詞前加when, if, while, though, as等連詞，如：Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it bett

15、er. (we是該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)，是give的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。) 過去分詞的要點(diǎn) 1疑問詞 動(dòng)詞不定式：疑問代詞和疑問副詞后可加動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，如： How_to_prevent_them_from_swimming_in_this_river is a problem. 2動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式：由not 動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成，如： Its wrong of you not_to_attend the meeting. 易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn) 3v.ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。 ving形式：表示抽象或泛指的動(dòng)作。 不定式：表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作。 She

16、 likes playing the piano, but she doesnt want to_play it today. 易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn) 4v.ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。ving形式：動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 不定式：動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后。 The girl writing_a_letter_there can speak English very well. I have three letters to_write. 易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn) 5v.ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。 (1)不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后，

17、如： I have told them to_come again tomorrow. (2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后，如果用v.ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中，而用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)動(dòng)作的過程，如：I hear her singing in the room. 我聽見她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room. 我聽見她在屋里唱過歌。 易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn) 6v.ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。 ving形式：表示時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨情況。 不定式：作目的或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 Not_receivin

18、g his letter, I wrote to him again. I looked into the window to_see what was going on inside. 易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn) 7v.ing形式與過去分詞的區(qū)別： (1)語(yǔ)態(tài)不同：v.ing形式表示主動(dòng)概念，及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。 an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演說； the inspired audience受鼓舞的聽眾 (2)時(shí)間關(guān)系不同：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一般是正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作，而過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作，往往是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，如： the changing world正在變化的世界 the changed world已經(jīng)變化了的世界 易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn) 8獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：有時(shí)v.ing和過去分詞在句中也有自己的獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ)，這種獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ)一般為名詞或代詞，和v.ing還有過去分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般只作狀語(yǔ)。 獨(dú)立主格中是使用v.ing還是過去分詞，則要根據(jù)它們的主語(yǔ)