一輪復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞概要課件

1、非謂語動詞 非謂語動詞是高考的必考考點，（完形、語法填空、改錯）分數(shù)比重很大，不僅如此，掌握非謂語動詞的基本用法，對增強書面表達的文采和提高閱讀理解能力都有明顯的作用。首先，我們回顧一下非謂語動詞的語法功能(在句中充當何種成分)：考點解密主語賓語表語定語狀語賓補動名詞doing不定式to do分詞done/doing考點1：作主語表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的行為用-ing；表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)淼膭幼饔胻o do 。考點2：作表語(1) 動名詞和不定式作表語說明主語的具體內(nèi)容。(2)分詞作表語則說明主語的性質(zhì)，像puzzling, surprising, exciting等-ing分詞表示

2、“令人的(事物)”；像puzzled, surprised, excited等-ed分詞表示“(人)感到的”?？键c3：作賓語(1)有些動詞只能用不定式作賓語。如refuse, expect, promise, decide, offer, pretend等。(2)有些動詞只能用動名詞作賓語。如：keep, allow, finish, enjoy, mind, practice, avoid, admit, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape等。(3) 在表示“需要”的need, want和require等后用- ing形式的主動形式表示

3、被動意義，也可用不定 式的被動式。 (4)在forget, remember, regret, mean, try等動詞后 既可接動名詞，也可接不定式，但意義差別較大。(5)在介詞之后用動名詞作賓語。注意to是介詞的短 語，如be /get used to, be accustomed to(習(xí)慣于), contribute to, devote oneself to , get down to, look forward to等。(6)含介詞的固定句式： prevent /stop /keep sb. /sth. + from doing 阻止做spend /waste time or mo

4、ney +in doing 在做方面花費/浪費時間或金錢have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做方面有些困難have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艱難there is no sense in doing做是沒有理由/道理的(7)介詞后一般只能接動名詞，但在表示“除 外”的介詞but和except后，有時可接不定式；當 前面有行為動詞do時，不定式不帶to；前面沒有行 為動詞do時，要帶to。考點4：作賓補當賓語與作賓補的動詞在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系時，用不定式(未來或全過程)或-ing形式(正在進行或一直處于某種狀態(tài))；當賓語與作

5、賓補的動詞在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系時，用-ed形式。【請注意復(fù)習(xí)以下6點：】(1)在ask, invite, encourage, advise, forbid, remind等 動詞后，用帶to的不定式作賓補。(2)在help后作賓補的不定式帶不帶to均可。(3)在make, let, have等使役動詞和feel, smell, hear, see, watch等感官動詞后，一般用不帶to的不定式作賓 補，但在其被動式后作主語補足語時，要加上to。(4)在with的賓語后，若用-ed形式，表示賓語與-ed形 式在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，且意味著該動作已經(jīng)完成； 若用-ing形式，表示賓語與-ing形式

6、在邏輯上是主動 關(guān)系，且表示動作持續(xù)進行。(5)get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某事(主 動、將來); get/havedoing使處于某一狀態(tài)中 (主動、持續(xù)); getdone=have sth. done請人做/遭受 (被動)。(6) make oneself 后常用understood, heard, seen, known等作賓補，表示讓別人明白自己的意思/讓自 己講的話被別人聽到/讓自己被別人看到/讓自己被 別人認識。（本節(jié)課重點） 考點5 作狀語和定語 （高考重點和難點） 非謂語動詞的基本形式主動被動動詞不定式to do 一般to

7、doto be done進行to be doing 無完成to have doneto have been done 完成進行to have been doing 無主動被動現(xiàn)在分詞doing一般doingbeing done完成having donehaving been done過去分詞done一般無done考點與難點歸納1.主/被動與意思2. 動作發(fā)生先后3.慣用語與固定用法4.否定形式的添加5.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)6.四大原則考點難點考點一:主/被動與意思_ (know) his address, I asked Lucy for help.2) The Chinese are proud o

8、f the 29th Olympic Games _ (hold) in Beijing in 2008. _ (tell) many times, he still couldnt understand what I said.Tom flew to Paris just now, his secretary _ (follow) him the next Friday.Not knowingheldHaving been toldto follow主動被動被動主動 解題技巧：找出非謂語動詞的邏輯主語，或者被修飾的名詞：1）主動關(guān)系：就用doing/ to do 2）被動關(guān)系：就用done考

9、點與難點歸納1.主/被動與意思2. 動作發(fā)生先后3.慣用語與固定用法4.否定形式的添加5.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)6.四大原則考點難點考點二:動作發(fā)生先后They went to Shanghai, with their son _ (leave) to his grandparents.With so much homework _ (finish), they decided to stay at home, _their homework, they went out to play football.Look! The homework _ (do) now seems not difficult

10、.They are busy now, _ (prepare) files wanted in the interview.leftto finishHaving finishedbeing donepreparing過去將來動作先于謂語發(fā)生正進行正進行作狀語 表時間或原因主動和進行,時間上無先后被動和過去,時間上無先后主動和進行,時間上有先后被動和過去,時間上有先后- ing- ed-having donehaving been doneStanding on the top of the mountain,I found the school is very beautiful.2.See

11、n from the mountain , the school is very beautiful.3.Having finished my homework, I went home immediately.4.Having been beaten by my father, I went out to see my mother . Having finished my homework, I went home immediately.2. Having been beaten by my father, I went out to see my mother . After fini

12、shing my homework, I went home immediately.Having done= after doingAfter being beaten by my father, I went out to see my mother.Having been done= after being done考點與難點歸納1.主/被動與意思2. 動作發(fā)生先后3.慣用語與固定用法4.否定形式的添加5.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)6.四大原則考點難點考點三:慣用語與固定用法_ from his appearance, he is a doctor. A. Judged B. having judge

13、d C. judging D. having been judged2) _ his accent, it can be inferred that he is an Englishman. A. considering B. considered C. to be considered D. having considered下列少數(shù)短語為慣用語，為固定形式。Judging from , generally speaking , honestly speaking , strictly speaking ,talking of , speaking of, considering.考點與難點

14、歸納1.主/被動與意思2. 動作發(fā)生先后3.慣用語與固定用法4.否定形式的添加5.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)6.四大原則考點難點難點一:否定形式的添加_his address, I asked Lucy for help. A. Not knowing B. having not known C. never know D. knowing never 2) _ _ (receive) his letter, I called him up to see what had happened to him.3) They have been accustomed _when eating. A. not to

15、 talk B. not to talking C. to not talk D. to not talkingNot having received/Having neverreceived否定式要把not加在-ing前面，或把never加在-ing后面. Not having received / Having never received his letter, I called him up to see what had happened to him.非謂語動詞的否定形式： not直接加在非謂語動詞前面：not doing / not having done/ not to hav

16、e been done/not to do/ not to be done/ not to have done/ not to have been done考點與難點歸納1.主/被動與意思2. 動作發(fā)生先后3.慣用語與固定用法4.否定形式的添加5.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)6.四大原則考點難點難點二：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)比較以下三個句子：The teacher came in, carrying a bag in his hand.The teacher came in, with a bag carried in his hand.The teacher came in, a bag carried in his

17、 hand. 第三句是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有自己的邏輯主語形成被動結(jié)構(gòu)。難點三:四大原則學(xué)習(xí)非謂語動詞，一定要做到以下兩點：一找：找邏輯主語二定：定主/被動，定動作發(fā)生先后。同時還得注意以下八大原則：_ the first bus， they got up and hurried to the station early in the morning. A. Having caught B. Catch C. To catch D. Catching原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上 要用不定式2. When asked why he went there， he said he was sent ther

18、e _ for a space flight. Training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trainedAs the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked myself what I was going to do. A. Moved B. moving C. to move D. being moved2. Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him so

19、on. A. said B. says C. saying D. to say原則二： 用作伴隨狀語，原則上 要用現(xiàn)在分詞3. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class， he would answer carelessly， always _ the same thing. saying B. said C. to say D. having said4. We often provide our children with toys， footballs or basketballs，_ that all children like t

20、hese things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day. A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let2. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$ 57. 65 a

21、barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching原則三：作結(jié)果狀語，用doing或to do，其區(qū)別是，doing表自然而然的結(jié)果，to do 表出乎意料的結(jié)果.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told2. He hurried to the station only_ that the

22、train had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found原則四： 對于固定搭配，原則上按搭配 習(xí)慣處理1._ with so much trouble， we failed to complete the task on time. A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face2._ in a white uniform， he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having d

23、ressed對比訓(xùn)練與鞏固Your Show Time1 -Good morning. Can I help you? -Id like to have this package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighedD對比訓(xùn)練2. The rule says young children under the age of 4 and_ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. to weigh C. we

24、ighed D. weighingDThe little boy slipped out of his room without _. A. seeing B. seen C. being seen D. to be seen對比訓(xùn)練2. Please excuse me for leaving without _ a goodbye last night. A. saying B. having said C. being said D. saidCBI must leave now. I am sorry _ so much of your valuable time. A. to hav

25、e taken up B. to take up C. having taken up D. taken up對比訓(xùn)練2. Im sorry _ you that you are fired for your endless faults made during your work. A. to have informed C. to inform C. having informed D. informedABJack read the letter from his parents, tears _ down from his cheek. A. coming B. to come C.

26、being come D. having come對比訓(xùn)練2. _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A. Bitten B. Having bitten C. Being bitten D. To be bittenAA1. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _ regularly, can improve our health. (2010浙江卷) A. being carried out B. carried out C. carrying out D. to carry out2. Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medi