新視野大學英語4(第二版)UNIT-1-SectionA

1、 Text Study Idea Sharing Notes to the Text Words and Expressions Writing Understanding Reproduction Structure Analysis SummaryI. Structure AnalysisText StudyStructure AnalysisArgumentation + Supporting Details + ConclusionArgumentationPart 2Part 3ConclusionPart 5Part 4Paras. 25Para. 6Para. 7Para. 8P

2、art 1Para. 9Supporting DetailsArgumentation: Chasing fame often leads to self-destruction. (Para. 1)Text StudyStructure AnalysisConclusion: The writers advice to those seeking fame and fortune. (Para. 9)An artist is hard to be both successful and uncompromising. (Para. 6)The greatest winnersinitiall

3、y failed in the conquest of fame.(Para. 7) Examples of those who failed many times before their final success.(Para. 8)Some negative effects(Paras. 2-5)II. UnderstandingThe passage is a piece of argumentation which tries to convince us that seeking fame sometimes leads to ones own destruction.Text S

4、tudyUnderstandingAnswer the following questions: 1. Why does the writer compare an artist who seeks fame to a dog chasing its own tail?Text StudyUnderstandingKeyBecause like a dog chasing its own tail, when the artist captures the fame, he does not know what else to do but to continuechasing it. 2.

5、What will happen to artists if they become bored?Text StudyUnderstandingTheir work begins to show a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to sustain the attention of the public.KeyKey 3. Why is it possible for artists to lose support from the audiences if they make changes to the

6、ir style?Because the public discounts styles other than those for which the artists have becomefamous.Text StudyUnderstanding4. What do famous writers, painters and moviemakers have to give up in order to maintain their fame and fortune, according to the writer?Text StudyUnderstandingKeyTheir freedo

7、m to express themselves with other styles or forms. 5. In which way is the performer similar to the politician, according to the writer?Text StudyUnderstandingKeyThey have to please their audiences by saying things they dont mean orfully believe. 6. What does the writer want to show by giving an exa

8、mple of Oscar Wildes uncompromising behavior?Text StudyUnderstandingKeyArtists pay a heavy price for remaining true to themselves.Text StudyUnderstanding 7. What explanation may failed artists give to themselves for their failure?KeyTheir genius is too sophisticated for contemporary audiences. 8. Wh

9、y are Thomas Wolfe, Beethoven, Pestalozzi, and Thomas Edison mentioned in Paragraph 8?Text StudyUnderstandingKeyTo show that failure has motivated some famous people to work even harder to succeed.III. SummaryHave you ever known anyone famous? If so, you may have found that they are remarkably simil

10、ar to the rest of us. You may have even heard them _ to people saying there is anything different about them. “Im really just a normal guy,” _ an actor who has recently rocketed into the spotlight. There is, of course, usually a brief period when they actually start to believe they are as great as t

11、heir _ fans suggest. They start to wear _ clothes and talk as if everyone should hear what they have to say. This period, however, does not often last long. They fall back to reality as fast as they had _ risen above it all. Text StudySummaryobjectoriginallyfancyworshippingprotestsWhat will it feel

12、like to soar to such _ and look down like an eagle from up high on everyone else? And what will it feel like to have flown so high only to _ from your dream and realize you are only human? Some only see the _ in losing something they had gained. They often make _ attempts to regain what they lost. O

13、ften these efforts result in even greater pain. Some become _ financially and emotionally. The only real winners are those who are happy to be back on the ground with the rest of us.desperatebankruptcrueltywakeText StudySummaryaltitudeOne of the members: a host or hostessOther members: Oscar Wilde,

14、some audiences Task: Wilde tells the audiences his story and answers the questions about fame from the audience.IV. ReproductionGroup Work: An Interview ProgramText StudyReproductionText StudyReproductiondetailed information about Wildes story.exchange the ideas about fame and mention examples of ot

15、her celebrities.pay attention to the interaction between the host, Wilder and visitors.Points to cover: Active Expressions Focus StudyIn English, you may find some expressionsformed by very common words, but theyare active and powerful. Whats on at the cinema tonight? 今晚電影院上演什么？ Whats he up to? 他忙什么

16、呢？e.g.I. Active ExpressionsNotes to the TextActive Expressions 1. The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not 2. both social and sexual, to which the public objected, paid heavily for remaining true to himself.3. until he came upon the idea of teaching children and

17、developing the Find out the active expressions:Notes to the TextActive Expressions 1. at best even when considered in the most positive way2. end up finally be in a particular situation or place3. object to oppose or disapprove of something4. come on/upon find something or meet someone expectedlyAct

18、ive ExpressionsNotes to the TextActive Expressions 1. 這次會議充其量只是部分成功。 2. 結(jié)果，他失業(yè)了很長一段時間。3. 我一直反對這種想法：一切都事先定好， 我們沒有任何選擇。4. 我們無意中想到在網(wǎng)上請人們捐款。TranslationNotes to the TextActive Expressions The meeting was at best partially successful.He ended up unemployed for a long time.3. I always objected to the idea

19、that everything is predetermined and that we have no choice. 4. We came upon the idea of asking people to donate money over the Net.Notes to the TextActive Expressions KeyII. Focus StudyNotes to the TextFocus Study 1. Most would be hard-pressed to tell you how they even got there. Practice be hard-p

20、ressed to do sth. 做某事有困難 今年這家航空公司要贏利困難重重。 你很難找到更好的人做這項工作。 This year the airline will be hard-pressed to make a profit. Youd be hard-pressed to find anyone better for the job.Notes to the TextFocus Study TranslationKey Notes to the TextFocus Study 2. The public simply discounts styles other than thos

21、e for which the artist has become famous. other than 除了Practice 他只提到了自己的貢獻，而沒有提其他任何人的。 我們錯過了最后一班公交車，所以除了走回家別 無選擇。 He didnt mention anyone elses contributions other than his own. We missed the last bus so there was no choice other than to walk home.Notes to the TextFocus Study TranslationKey 3. It ta

22、kes you out of yourself: You must be what the public thinks you are, not what you really are or could be. It takes sb. out of 使得某人缺乏Practice Notes to the TextFocus Study 這使得我喪失了理智，從而做出了錯誤的決定。 我失去了自我，再也做不回當初的自己。 It takes me out of mind to make wrong decisions. It takes me out of myself: I cant come b

23、ack to what I used to be.Notes to the TextFocus Study TranslationKey Old to New Chinese to English Word UsingI. Word Using1. chase v. to run after someone or something in order to catch them Police chased the thief and eventually recovered the missing money. The kids chased each other in the garden.

24、e.g.Words and ExpressionsWord Using 2. participate in to take part in or become involved in an activityWords and ExpressionsWord Using 班里的每個人都應該積極參加這些討論。 他們希望有機會參與決策制定。 Everyone in the class is expected to participate actively in these discussions. They wanted opportunities to participate in the dec

25、ision-making process.TranslationKey3. pessimistic a. expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad resultWords and ExpressionsWord Using 我對未來感到極其悲觀。 這聽起來像是本末倒置，是不必要的悲觀。 I am deeply pessimistic about the future. This may sound like putting the cart before the h

26、orse and being unnecessarily pessimistic.TranslationKey4. worship vt. to admire and love someone very muchWords and ExpressionsWord Using 我們都要有崇拜的英雄，無論他們是運動員、 電影明星還是政治家。 我小時候崇拜我哥哥。 We all want heroes to worship, be they sportsmen, film stars, or politicians. As a child, I worshipped my older brother

27、.TranslationKey5. spur vt. to encourage someone or make them want to do somethingWords and ExpressionsWord Using 我們鼓勵他們做出更大的努力。 是當?shù)貓蠹埳弦黄恼伦罱K促使他采取了行動。 We spurred them on to greater efforts. It was an article in the local newspaper that finally spurred him into action.TranslationKey6. drown vt. 1) to

28、have a very strong feeling or a serious problem that is difficult to deal withWords and ExpressionsWord Using 這個國家債臺高筑。 我們被數(shù)據(jù)包圍，可是卻缺乏信息。 The country is drowning in debt. We were drowning in data but starved of information.TranslationKey6. drown vt. 2) to die from being under water for too long, or t

29、o kill someone in this wayWords and ExpressionsWord Using 他們的船在暴風雨中翻了，淹死了48個人。 昨夜有一個男孩在河里淹死了。 Forty-eight people have drowned after their boat overturned during a storm. Last night a boy was drowned in the river.TranslationKey7. exploit vt. to use something well in order to gain as much from it as p

30、ossibleWords and ExpressionsWord Using 你可以利用已有的才能。 我們需要確保盡可能充分地利用資源。 You can exploit a talent which you already possess. We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as fully as possible.TranslationKey8. idle a. not working or producing anythingWords and ExpressionsWord Using 一半的工廠在停工。 汽車廠的關(guān)閉使

31、數(shù)千人無事可做。 Half these factories are now standing idle. Thousands of workers are idle now that the car factories have closed.TranslationKey9. bore vt. to make someone lose interest and become tired and impatientWords and ExpressionsWord Using 我就不拿這些技術(shù)上的細節(jié)來煩你了。 那部冗長的小說煩死我了。 I wont bore you with all the

32、technical details. The long novel bored me to death.TranslationKey10. sustain vt. 1) to make something continue to exist for a period of timeWords and ExpressionsWord Using 他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無法維持對那份工作的興趣。 這位演講者成功地使聽眾的注意力保持到了最后。 He found that he couldnt sustain his interest in the job. The speaker succeeded in su

33、staining the listeners attention right to the very end.TranslationKey10. sustain vt. 2) to give someone strength, energy or hopeWords and ExpressionsWord Using 一頓豐盛的早餐能維持我們一天的精力。 整個審訊過程中，他家人的支持使他得以支撐下去。 A good breakfast will sustain us through the day. Throughout the trial he was sustained by the su

34、pport of his family.TranslationKey11. minute a. very smallWords and ExpressionsWord Using 擦痕很輕微，幾乎看不清。 不應讓他們被這些瑣碎的事壓垮。 The scratch was almost too minute to see. They shouldnt be loaded down with minute and unimportant details.TranslationKey12. single-minded a. someone who works with you as a beginne

35、re.g.blue-eyed kind-hearted broad-minded good-natured gray-hairedWords and ExpressionsWord Using light-heartedopen-minded cold-hearted near-sighted single-handeda. + n.ed 具有什么特征的 13. desperate a. 1) needing or wanting something very much 2) very worried and willing to do anything to change a bad sit

36、uationWords and ExpressionsWord Using 他急需一份工作養(yǎng)家糊口。 失蹤者的家人越來越絕望。 He is desperate for a job to support his family. The missing mans family are getting increasingly desperate.TranslationKey14. desperately ad. extremely; veryWords and ExpressionsWord Using 她非常希望自己的文章能被發(fā)表。 我非常孤獨。 She desperately wanted h

37、er article published. I was desperately lonely.TranslationKeyencouragemake sth. more quicklymagnificenttiredvery smallnot working admirespurhastenimperialboredminuteidleworshipII. Old to NewWords and ExpressionsOld to New a secret planoppose or disapprovelawyervery muchmake sth. dirtyplotobjectattor

38、neydesperatelycontaminateWords and ExpressionsOld to New III. Chinese to English 冒險；有風險 指控；控告 忠于開除；解雇 充其量；至多run a/the riskaccuse sb. of sth.remain/be true tothrow outat bestWords and ExpressionsC to E 碰到、遇到關(guān)系密切 付出代價做某事很困難結(jié)果come on/uponbe intimate withpay forbe hard-pressed toend upWords and Expressi

39、onsC to E Movie DubbingIs the fame a burden to those famous people? Do they feel tired of being followed by the paparazzi?As a movie star, how to keep his/her privacy?Movie DubbingIdea Sharing 1. A DiscussionShare your opinions with your group members on the following questions.2. Dubbing the Movie

40、clipsThe following clips are chosen from a Chinese movie. Watch and choose one of them to dub in English.Clip 1:Clip 2:Idea Sharing 甲方乙方（1）甲方乙方（2）Step 1: Note down the lines Step 2: Translate the lines into English Step 3: Assign the roles in the group and dub the clip.PreparationTipsIdea Sharing 五彩

41、繽紛的劉導：Director Liu from Multicolor嘉賓：distinguished guest中央電視臺的春節(jié)晚會：CCTV Spring Festival Gala普通人： a(n) ordinary/common person 簽名：signature影迷：fans演藝圈：entertainment circle是是非非：gossip冷冷清清的過日子：live in peace委托我們?nèi)珯?quán)代理：authorize us to be your representativeTips for translation:Idea Sharing 我們就是吃這碗飯的：Thats ju

42、st our work.對售后服務(wù)進行摸底：ask sb. for feedback on after service神通廣大：powerful 起訴：sue sb.名譽權(quán)：reputation right 三炒兩炒把你炒紅了：Youll become famous again with those negative reports.沾你的光：count on you我也得吃飯：I have to survive.特別走紅：very hotTips for translation:Idea Sharing Structured Writing Practical WritingOne of t

43、he writing techniques we can learn in Section A is to write a paragraph of a general statement supported by details.I. Structured WritingSampleStructured Writing 1. A SampleCuriously enough, it is those who fail that reap the greatest reward: Freedom! They enjoy the freedom to express themselves in

44、unique and original ways without fear of losing the support of fans. Failed artists may find comfort in knowing that many great artists never found fame until well after they had passed away or in knowing that they did not sell out. They may justify their failure by convincing themselves their geniu

45、s is too sophisticated for contemporary audiences.Structured Writing Details2. Your TaskWrite a composition of no less than 120 words with a general statement supported by details on the following topic:Structured Writing ReferenceParents Differ from Children in Their Career ChoiceParents differ fro

46、m children in their career choice.The question of who should be responsible for planning their career often causes problems for many children. Parents think that they know their children well enough to decide what kind of job suits them. They are afraid that their children are too young to decide th

47、eir future on their own. However, many children would argue that theyshould be left free to make their own choices.Parents Differ from Children in Their Career ChoiceStructured Writing (To be continued)The other aspect of career choice is that parents and their children are often different in their

48、opinions of the ideal profession. Parents would prefer children to choose some professions that are stable and could bring prestige and economic benefits. But some children would rather choose professions that are challenging and requireindependent and creative thinking.Structured Writing When you h

49、ave problems with faulty goods or services, it is often a good idea to put the details of your complaint in writing. II. Practical WritingLetters of Complaint Practical Writing Letters of complaint usually include the following stages: Background describe the situation Problem cause and effect Solut

50、ion Warning (optional) ClosingPractical Writing General Tips: Try to make sure your letter is sent to the right person or department. Try and keep your letter short. Be polite as sarcasm or rudeness will not help your cause! Say what you want for your complaint to be resolved. Give a reasonable time

51、table for action to be taken before you will consider other options. Keep a copy of letters you write.Practical Writing Now that you have learned tips of writing letters of complaint, the following are general templates and sample letters. You may get more details of writing this kind of letters by learning them.Practical Writing Complaint Letter Templates & Sample Letters:Complaint letter Templates:Sample Letters:Sample 1Practical Writing Dear Mr. Chang:On Septe