2022年上海民遠職業(yè)技術(shù)學院自考英語（二）練習題匯總（附答案解析）

1、 2022年上海民遠職業(yè)技術(shù)學院自考英語（二）練習題匯總（附答案解析）第1題【單選題】【完成句子】Lightning is generated when electrical charges separate in rain clouds, though processes are still not fully understood. Typically, positive charges（正電荷） build at the cloud top, while the bottom becomes negatively charged（負電荷的）. In most instances of c

2、loud-to-ground lightning, the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels negatively charged particles on the grounds surfaces, making it become positively charged. The positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points.In most cases of cloud-to-ground lightning, the grounds surface_.

3、 A、is positively charged B、is shifted sideways by strong winds C、is negative charged D、is changed from positively charge to negative charge【正確答案】A【答案解析】本段文字解釋了云層與地面之間的閃電的成因，云層下部帶負電荷，排斥地面表層的負電荷，所以地面表層聚集的是正電荷。答案為A。第2題【單選題】【完成句子】Lightning is generated when electrical charges separate in rain clouds, th

4、ough processes are still not fully understood. Typically, positive charges（正電荷） build at the cloud top, while the bottom becomes negatively charged（負電荷的）. In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning, the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels negatively charged particles on the grou

5、nds surfaces, making it become positively charged. The positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points.In most cases of cloud-to-ground lightning, the grounds surface_. A、is positively charged B、is shifted sideways by strong winds C、is negative charged D、is changed from positively charge to

6、 negative charge【正確答案】A【答案解析】本段文字解釋了云層與地面之間的閃電的成因，云層下部帶負電荷，排斥地面表層的負電荷，所以地面表層聚集的是正電荷。答案為A。第3題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, theyre asking for your help in observing signs of clim

7、ate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest birds, trees, flowers budding, etc, and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists t

8、rack a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All thats needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week

9、to gather data and send it in.In “All thats needed to become one. (paragraph 2) ”, what does the word “one” stands for ? A、a citizen journalist B、a citizen scientist C、a scientist D、a citizen【正確答案】B【答案解析】one 不僅是數(shù)詞也是代詞；代詞指代的名詞或句子一般出現(xiàn)在代詞的前一句，要注意區(qū)分代詞單、復數(shù)。第4題【單選題】【概括大意】 It is often thought that science

10、fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories.The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、

11、Science Fiction is a Fairly New Development in Literature B、Origins of Science Fiction C、The Theme of Science Fiction D、Science Fiction Has a Short History【正確答案】B【答案解析】從第一段話可以看出這段文字介紹了科普小說的起源。因此選擇B。第5題【單選題】【2009.01】Children have a natural_about the world around them. A、certainty B、capability C、cleve

12、rness D、curiosity【正確答案】D【答案解析】句意：孩子們對他們周圍的事物有著天然的好奇心?？疾槊~詞義選擇。A 確定性，肯定的事；B 能力，才能；C 精明，聰穎；D 好奇心，求知欲。 第6題【單選題】【2008.04】Anxiety can _ with childrens performance at school. A、refer B、prefer C、infer D、interfere【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查詞語辨析。句子翻譯為：焦慮可以妨礙孩子們在學校的表現(xiàn)。 A . refer to 提到、查閱、涉及；B. prefer to更喜歡； C. infer fr

13、om（根據(jù)某事）推斷、推定； D. interfere with 擾亂、妨礙。第7題【單選題】【2009.7】The house was quiet in the night, _ the occasional coughing from my throat. A、as for B、such as C、instead of D、except for【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查短語意義區(qū)分。譯文：除了偶爾我咳嗽一下以外，這所房子在夜晚非常安靜。A 至于，關(guān)于； B 例如；C 代替，而不是；D 除了以外第8題【單選題】【概括大意】They always complained（抱怨） more

14、 or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways. They also blamed that their parents always have a final say. And the young felt that their parents do not trust their children to deal with crises. Besides, they dissatisfied too much murmurs of their parents about certain proble

15、ms and the lack of sense of humor in dealing with the problems, at least in parents-children relationships.The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、The criticisms to their parents can be kept out of the young peoples mind in following ways. B、It is natural for young people to be critical of their pare

16、nts at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstanding between them. C、There are so many criticism to their parents among the young people. D、Young people have gotten enough reasons to criticize their parents.【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題段落中的各句列舉了年輕人都抱怨其父母些什么，談的是what are the criticisms?的問題因此選擇C。第9題【單選題】【

17、2010.04】In order to follow fashions, the girl has to _ great discomforts. A、catch up with B、put up with C、keep up with D、fall in with【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查短語辨析。【譯文】為了跟隨時尚，這個女孩不得不忍受極度地不舒適。put up with：忍受。catch up with：追上，趕上。keep up with：和.保持聯(lián)系。fall in with：偶然遇到，贊同。第10題【單選題】What he had done is _ A、value B、o

18、f valuable C、of no value D、of no valuable【正確答案】C【答案解析】of+n=adj，可以作表語。of no value：沒有一點價值。value是名詞，不能作表語，也不能形容主語的性質(zhì)。B和D都是of+adj的結(jié)構(gòu)，是錯誤的。第11題【單選題】【2009.04】It is not decided _ the conference will be held. A、what B、which C、when D、that【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查主語從句的引導詞的選擇。譯文：大會什么時候召開還沒有決定。詳細解答：A 什么；B 哪一個；C 什么時候；D

19、（無詞義）。第12題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Over the weekend, Hillary Rodham Clinton, wife of former president Bill Clinton, announced her run for 2008 presidency. This is partly due to the biased thinking that women are weak on national security, though they might be strong on education and health care. This damages thei

20、r prospects as a presidential contender.Q: One of Hillarys campaign promises is to reform the nations health care system. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選C。問題句說“Hillary的一個競選承諾是改革國家的醫(yī)療制度。”而本段只是說“女人做教育和醫(yī)療方面的工作有優(yōu)勢”，沒有說Hillary的一個競選承諾式改革國家的醫(yī)療制度，因此問題句的信息在文章中沒有被提到。第13題【單選題】【填句補文】Doctors believe t

21、hat secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other peoples cigarettes_. The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53，000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.

22、A、The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke. B、In the United States，nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker. C、This smoke is called secondhand smoke. D、No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer.【正確答案】C【答案解析】前

23、一句提到，不吸煙者時常吸入他人香煙中冒出的煙，接下來應首選對此煙加以定義的句子。第14題【單選題】【概括大意】 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a t

24、heme which is still often found in modern stories.The main idea of this paragraph is_. A、Science Fiction is a Fairly New Development in Literature B、Origins of Science Fiction C、The Theme of Science Fiction D、Science Fiction Has a Short History【正確答案】B【答案解析】從第一段話可以看出這段文字介紹了科普小說的起源。因此選擇B。第15題【單選題】【閱讀判

25、斷】People living north of the mountain heard a loud boom that shook their windows, and airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2,100 meters into the sky.Q: Pilots flying at the height of more than 2,100 meters saw a thi

26、ck black column of ash and steam shooting up into the air from the crater. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。該題說的是: 飛行員飛行的高度超過2100米時，看見一個黑色的火山灰和蒸汽從火山口急速上升到空氣中。但是，文章中airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2,1

27、00 meters into the sky.說的是靠近火山的地方出現(xiàn)了一個黑色的火山灰和蒸汽上升到空氣中，其高度超過2100米。因此該命題是錯誤的。第16題【單選題】【完成句子】Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say Hi when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface, it appears that goo

28、d manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the only manners that are important are those involving one persons behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It

29、is only the way of behaving that differs from country to country.The topic sentence of this paragraph is_. A、Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. B、Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. C、The way of behaving that differs from country to country. D

30、、In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to.【正確答案】C【答案解析】文章的最后一句話是對前面的一個總結(jié)，道出了本段的主題。因此選擇C。第17題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough. Where could we turn next? To the oceans! All wed

31、have to do to make use of the vast amount of sea-water is remove the salt. This salt-removing process is already in use in many parts of the world.According to the passage, sea-water can be turned into fresh water by_ A、heating it up. B、treating it with chemicals. C、taking salt out of it. D、drying i

32、t up.【正確答案】C【答案解析】海水之所以不能飲用就是因為它是咸的。答題依據(jù)是本段的remove the salt即take salt out。第18題【單選題】He seemed to regard it _ a small triumph. A、to B、as C、with D、for【正確答案】B【答案解析】regard as：把當作；triumph：勝利，成功第19題【單選題】【2008.04】The cloth had a natural look which perfectly _ the image Laura sought. A、turned out B、set down

33、C、thought over D、coincided with【正確答案】D【答案解析】本題考查短語意義辨析。這塊布料看起來很自然，與勞拉尋找的樣式完全相符。A. 關(guān)閉； B.制定、放下； D. 與相同、與相符。第20題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】Marian, the girl who wrote the original story about Roxaboxen that the childrens book is based on, was mayor. Other kids ran the stores which sold imaginary ice cream and baked go

34、ods. Kids drove imaginary cars outside of town, and the speeders went to jail, which was guarded by the sheriff, another kid. Elsewhere, boys and girls had battles, charging each others bases using spears made with ocotillo, a desert plant. Who is Marian? A、She is the author. B、She sold ice cream in

35、 Roxaboxen. C、She is the mayor of Roxaboxen in the book. D、She guards the jail in the book.【正確答案】C【答案解析】答案選C。事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞鎖定短文本段。本段第一句話給出了正確答案，Marian是最先寫這個故事的人，但是并不是這本書的作者。而且是這本書中那個小鎮(zhèn)的鎮(zhèn)長。第21題【單選題】【2010.04】In order to follow fashions, the girl has to _ great discomforts. A、catch up with B、put up with C

36、、keep up with D、fall in with【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查短語辨析?！咀g文】為了跟隨時尚，這個女孩不得不忍受極度地不舒適。put up with：忍受。catch up with：追上，趕上。keep up with：和.保持聯(lián)系。fall in with：偶然遇到，贊同。第22題【單選題】【2009.04】When you _ know Bob better, you will like him. A、go to B、got to C、went to D、get to【正確答案】D【答案解析】譯文：當你更加了解鮑勃時，你將會喜歡他的。試題分析：本題考查主將從現(xiàn)

37、。詳細解答：根據(jù)主將從現(xiàn)的原則，主句用了一般將來時，時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。 第23題【單選題】【完成句子】Heavy metals are persistent; they do not break down to other chemicals in the environment. Industrially polluted sites usually undergo intensive clean-up and rehabilitation because heavy metals are a health concern once they enter the food

38、chain. Some trace metals are alleged to cause cancer and are also known to cause poisoning. Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean-up due to _. A、the persistence of heavy metals B、industrially polluted soils C、naturally polluted soils D、rock and soil chemistry【正確答案】A【答案解析】本

39、段提到：受到污染的土壤含有重金屬，而且重金屬很穩(wěn)定，不容易降解，所以要對重金屬進行徹底的清除。答案選擇A。第24題【單選題】【閱讀判斷】Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. Q: The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environme

40、nt of learning. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。原文說的是兒童之所以能夠完全掌握母語部分原因在于兒童自身，部分原因在于孩子周圍人們的行為。問題句說“兒童母語學得好的原因只是因為他們的學習環(huán)境?！贝颂巗olely的表述是錯誤的。第25題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazi

41、l is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia, a country in Africa. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s.Which country is the largest coffee producer? A、Brazil. B、Colombia

42、. C、Ethiopia. D、Egypt.【正確答案】A【答案解析】答題依據(jù)在本段的第三句。Producer 與 grower 意思等同。第26題【單選題】Having decided to rent a flat, we _ contacting housing agencies in the city. A、set about B、set down C、set out D、set up【正確答案】A【答案解析】本題考查關(guān)于set的詞組。contacting housing agencies：聯(lián)系房屋中介。根據(jù)句意，應該選set about。set about：開始做某事。set down

43、：放下，擱下；記下，記載，寫下。set out：出發(fā)，開始，后面跟to do sth。set up：建立（事業(yè)）；成立（組織）；為某人提供必需品或有用的東西。第27題【單選題】【完成句子】As the sunflowers grow, put a hay fence around them for protection and stake if necessary. Plant morning glories or sweet peas around the base of each sunflower, and they will grow up the stems, eventually

44、forming a roof over the top. By summers end, kids will have a sunflower house to play in.When autumn comes, children can_. A、seed lots of sunflowers B、play games in the sunflower house C、include plants with animal names D、find their own playing section【正確答案】B【答案解析】段落最后一句是答案的出處，By summers end“夏天結(jié)束的時候

45、”實際上就是When autumn comes“秋天來臨的時候”。答案選擇B。第28題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However, middle class is not a real designation, nor does it carry privileges. It is more of a perception, which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. Th

46、e economy was growing, more and more people owned their own homes, workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them, and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one. The information in this passage deals with_. A、an individual B、a social and economic group C、a polit

47、ical organization D、Government【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。通過閱讀本段，middle class中產(chǎn)階級是一個群體，選答案B。第29題【單選題】His intelligence will _ him to get a scholarship to college. A、enable B、persuade C、suggest D、employ【正確答案】A【答案解析】題目意思： 他的聰明才智將使他獲得大學獎學金。本題是動詞詞義選擇題。本題是A 使能夠、使可能 B 說服、勸說 C 建議、提議 D 雇傭第30題【單選題】【2008.04】Fish is _ an

48、d expensive at this time of the year in this area. A、in large measure B、to the minimum C、in short supply D、to the maximum【正確答案】C【答案解析】本題考查短語意義辨析。這個地區(qū)在一年中的這個時候魚的供應不足，價格昂貴。in short supply：缺貨、供貨不足。第31題【單選題】【完成句子】Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all posses

49、s and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its Value therefore, was as a predictor of childrens future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks，then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of sch

50、ool and even different ability groups within school was obviousIntelligence tests could be used for streaming children according to ability at an early age; and at 11 these tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary educationIt was once beli

51、eved _, and thus we can tell how successful he/she will be in the future according to his/her intelligence. A、born to be more intelligent or less intelligent B、taught to be more intelligent C、that intelligence was something a baby was born with D、and because of the lack of communication with his cla

52、ssmates【正確答案】C【答案解析】空格處需要真正的主語（It是形式主語），因此根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)判斷C 是答案。該句大意是“人們曾經(jīng)一度相信，智力是一個孩子天生所具有的，因為我們可以根據(jù)他/她的智力水平判斷他/她在將來是否會取得成功。第32題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】I dont claim there isnt a force which guides us, which takes care of us, but the main element that helps us build up our future is our way of being. Our personality, ou

53、r character, our way of perceiving（感知）reality and everything that surrounds us are the elements which may bring us to the top, or on the contrary, make us miserable. The author thinks that our future is decided mainly by _. A、a superior force like God B、our way of being, such as our character C、thin

54、gs and persons that surround us D、others choice and responsibility【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。雖然作者也聲明自己并不否認世界上存在任何一種具有超自然力量的東西，但是根據(jù)文章本段的but the main element that helps us build up our future is our way of being可知，作者認為影響我們未來的最主要的因素還是我們自己的所作所為，答案為B項。第33題【單選題】【2010.04】The student _ described the beautiful mounta

55、ins and rivers in his home town. A、artificially B、vividly C、critically D、viciously【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查副詞的詞義辨析。這個學生生動地描述了他的家鄉(xiāng)美麗的山河。第34題【單選題】【2009.10】Youd better leave things _ if you dont know how to deal with them. A、off B、out C、alone D、over【正確答案】C【答案解析】【譯文】 如果你不知道如何處理這些事情，你最好把它們放在一邊?！驹囶}分析】本題考查詞意區(qū)分?！驹敿?/p>

56、解答】 A 離開，離去 B 不在里面，出局 C 單獨的（地） D 完結(jié)，翻倒，越過第35題【單選題】【2008.04】It has been found that a strong _ help overcome the effects of distraction. A、interruption B、motivation C、evaluation D、destination【正確答案】B【答案解析】本題考查名詞詞義區(qū)分。 A. 打擾、中；斷 B. 動機、誘因； C. 評估、評價； D. 目的地、終點。整句話的意思是：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)一個很強的動機可以幫助克服干擾物的影響。第36題【單選題】【閱讀判斷

57、】The UK is portioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP（人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值）after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the surveyChina was in the lower haft of the league at 60thQ

58、: The United States of America is among the top 10 countries in the survey. A、True B、False C、Not Given【正確答案】B【答案解析】答案選B。問題句說“美國位于前十個國家的行列”。The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP (人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值) after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. 該句說“美國的人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值排名第2，僅位于盧森堡之后，因此美國在這項調(diào)查中位于第13位

59、?！憋@然問題句的說法與該句的說法不一致，因此判斷問題句“錯誤”。第37題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】In a special report on cancer and blacks, the organization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites, and they are more likely to die of the disease.Which may NOT be a reason for higher cancer death rates among US blacks? A、Unequal

60、 access to medical care. B、Greater probability of having other diseases. C、Differences in the biology of the cancer. D、Early diagnosis.【正確答案】D【答案解析】本段指出blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites，與D項內(nèi)容是相反的，因此選D。第38題【單選題】【閱讀選擇】But even if every large city purified and reused its water,