井周應(yīng)力與井壁失穩(wěn)-PPT課件

1、內(nèi)容提要井眼周圍應(yīng)力狀態(tài)泥頁巖水化坍塌問題層理性地層井壁穩(wěn)定性問題流變性地層井壁穩(wěn)定性問題Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.1一、井眼周圍地層應(yīng)力狀態(tài)意義？井壁穩(wěn)定性分析及安全泥漿密度窗口的確定基礎(chǔ)出砂預(yù)測研究的基礎(chǔ)Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2

2、019 Aspose Pty Ltd.2假設(shè)條件：地層均質(zhì)各向同性線形彈性，小變形軸向平面應(yīng)力或平面應(yīng)變一、井眼周圍地層應(yīng)力狀態(tài)三維問題轉(zhuǎn)化為二維問題Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.3直井井眼周圍地層應(yīng)力狀態(tài)h二維平面應(yīng)變模型rEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright

3、 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.4直井井眼周圍地層應(yīng)力狀態(tài)依據(jù)線彈性、小變形應(yīng)力疊加原理對井眼受力進行分解請回憶彈性基礎(chǔ)中厚壁筒及小孔應(yīng)力集中Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.5由鉆井液柱壓力P引起的應(yīng)力 直井井眼周圍地層應(yīng)力狀態(tài)無剪應(yīng)力，只與井眼半徑R和地層的矢徑r有關(guān)Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 C

4、lient Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.6直井井眼周圍地層應(yīng)力狀態(tài)由水平最大地應(yīng)力 所引起的井周應(yīng)力分布Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.7直井井眼周圍地層應(yīng)力狀態(tài)由水平最小地應(yīng)力 所引起的井周應(yīng)力分布Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Pr

5、ofile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.8直井井眼周圍地層應(yīng)力狀態(tài)鉆井液滲流效應(yīng)Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.9直井井眼周圍地層應(yīng)力狀態(tài)Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspos

6、e Pty Ltd.10直井井眼周圍地層應(yīng)力狀態(tài)井壁應(yīng)力狀態(tài)：Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.11直井井眼周圍地層應(yīng)力狀態(tài)直井井眼周圍應(yīng)力分布的特點是什么？Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.12Evaluati

7、on only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.13Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.14Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0

8、.0.Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.15Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.16利用水力壓裂試驗數(shù)據(jù)計算地應(yīng)力：Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.17坍塌壓力、破裂壓力Eva

9、luation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.18定向井井周地層應(yīng)力狀態(tài)Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.19東營組地層斜井井壁穩(wěn)定性分析 最大水平地應(yīng)力方位：井壁坍塌風(fēng)險最高坍塌壓力隨井斜方位的變化Evaluation only

10、.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.20東營組地層斜井井壁穩(wěn)定性分析最大水平地應(yīng)力方位：井壁破裂風(fēng)險最高破裂壓力隨井斜方位的變化Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.21安全泥漿密度窗口Evaluation only.Created with As

11、pose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.22變質(zhì)巖地層裸眼完井井壁穩(wěn)定性分析 244.5mm套管以下太古界地層存在低強度砂巖地層，即使是鉆井過程中也需較高的泥漿密度來維持井壁穩(wěn)定，預(yù)實現(xiàn)裸眼完井開采，應(yīng)調(diào)整套管下入深度Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.23井壁失穩(wěn)機理研究的基本力

12、學(xué)方法：以孔隙彈塑性力學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的均質(zhì)地層井壁穩(wěn)定性分析理論和計算方法基本成熟地應(yīng)力本構(gòu)模型給定的泥漿密度井周應(yīng)力應(yīng)變破壞準則提高泥漿密度結(jié)束穩(wěn)定失穩(wěn)Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.24泥頁巖水化坍塌問題Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 As

13、pose Pty Ltd.25不同泥漿體系下泥巖吸水特性不同泥漿體系下泥巖膨脹特性Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.26含水量對泊松比的影響含水量對內(nèi)摩擦角的影響含水量對粘聚力的影響含水量對彈性模量的影響Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 As

14、pose Pty Ltd.27改進的聚璜泥漿硅酸鹽泥漿Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.28具有顯著“結(jié)構(gòu)性（層理、裂縫）”的泥頁巖地層井壁失穩(wěn)問題難以像均質(zhì)地層一樣通過提高鉆井液密度有效解決，是目前研究的難點（Crook，2019）Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyrig

15、ht 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.29霍003井安集海河組泥頁巖地層坍塌掉塊層理Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.30潿西南油田群，在層理發(fā)育的潿二段、流二段泥頁巖地層中鉆進定向井時，井壁坍塌卡鉆等井下復(fù)雜時有發(fā)生潿二段泥頁巖地層（泡水前）潿二段泥頁巖地層（泡水后）Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Cli

16、ent Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.31潿二段泥頁巖潿二段地層坍塌掉塊Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.32層理性地層井壁穩(wěn)定性問題Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 A

17、spose Pty Ltd.33層理性泥頁巖力學(xué)特點之一：各向異性試驗表明，層理性泥頁巖力學(xué)性質(zhì)及強度具有顯著各向異性，若軸線與層理面的夾角在2030之間，巖心強度與垂直層理面強度相比降低了40%，平行層理面的抗拉強度低于垂直層理面的抗拉強度（Chenevert，1965） 依據(jù)統(tǒng)計，只有10的地層為各向同性，30地層彈性模量各向異性比大于1.5。因此井壁穩(wěn)定性分析中考慮地層各向異性的影響更接近實際情況的（Ong，1994）Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyrig

18、ht 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.34層理性泥頁力學(xué)特點之二：滲透性鉆井液及其濾液沿層理面的滲流使泥頁巖地層強度逐步降低是引起井下復(fù)雜的主要原因之一（Mclellan，2019）Borehole Stability in Fissile Shale in Northeastern British Columbia Mountain RangeEvaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.35層

19、理性泥頁巖力學(xué)特點之三：層理面非線性數(shù)值模擬研究表明：沿層理面的非線性剪切位移是造成井壁失穩(wěn)的主要原因之一，層理性地層井眼軌跡的優(yōu)化與均質(zhì)地層井眼軌跡的優(yōu)化方案不同，必須考慮層理面因素的影響（K. Yamamoto，2019） Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.36層理性泥頁巖地層強度特性地層力學(xué)性質(zhì)具有明顯的各向異性，軸向與層理面法線夾角在4575度之間時強度最低，約為垂直層理面強度的1/51/6。層

20、理面的粘聚力、內(nèi)摩擦角遠低于巖石基體的粘聚力、內(nèi)摩擦角，高傾角下的破壞多為沿層理面的剪切破壞。取心方式Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.37層理性泥頁巖地層滲透特性試驗設(shè)備平行層理面和垂直層理面測試層理面可能為高滲面Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2

21、019 Aspose Pty Ltd.38問題的難點考慮因素傳統(tǒng)模型層理性泥頁巖問題地層本構(gòu)模型各向同性體各向異性體滲流方式Darcy滲流各向異性滲流滲流對強度的影響無有泥頁巖吸水影響強度無沿層吸水層理、裂縫面無有復(fù)雜的力學(xué)、化學(xué)、水動力學(xué)耦合問題沒有解析解，必須數(shù)值求解Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.39計算模型：考慮地層各向異性、滲流等因素的綜合影響計算結(jié)果之一：井眼周圍位移場分布規(guī)律Evalua

22、tion only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.40層理性地層井壁破壞點分析 定義層理面破壞比最大水平地應(yīng)力南北方向，破壞點最大值不在最小地應(yīng)力方位，在應(yīng)用井壁崩落橢圓法確定水平地應(yīng)力方位時應(yīng)當引起注意破壞比大于1，失穩(wěn)Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose

23、Pty Ltd.41地層走向?qū)永硇阅囗搸r坍塌壓力的影響與地層傾角相比較，走向?qū)μ鷫毫Φ挠绊戄^小Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.42定向井井眼軌跡對坍塌壓力的影響鉆進定向井最有利的井斜方位范圍以霍爾果斯構(gòu)造安集海河組高陡層理性泥頁巖地層為例，地層南傾，地層傾角500，水平最大地應(yīng)力近南北走向以近垂直層理面的方位井斜鉆定向井，使坍塌壓力大幅降低，有利于井壁穩(wěn)定Evaluation only.Creat

24、ed with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.43定向井井眼軌跡對坍塌壓力的影響井斜過大，坍塌壓力迅速增高近似水平層理以潿12-1北油田潿二段層理性泥頁巖地層為例水平最大地應(yīng)力方位N50E方位角井斜角Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.44高陡層理性地層井眼縮徑規(guī)律研

25、究 隨井眼鉆開時間的增長，井壁最大縮徑量經(jīng)歷緩慢、快速平緩增長三個階段起鉆時鉆頭對縮徑的地層產(chǎn)生向上的拉力，地層坍塌Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.45高陡層理性地層井眼縮徑規(guī)律研究提高泥漿密度只在短期內(nèi)有利于控制井眼縮徑井壁滲流速度越大井眼穩(wěn)定周期越短Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.

26、0.0.Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.46計算結(jié)果之二：井眼變形前后的對比計算結(jié)果之三：井眼最大位移量隨井眼鉆開時間的變化規(guī)律Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.47BP公司2019年，BP 美國公司在墨西哥灣遇到鉆井中井壁穩(wěn)定問題。井眼與地層層理面夾角不同（井斜角不同），井壁垮塌程度、垮塌巖石大小、形狀不同。Evaluation only.Created with

27、 Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.48Dusseault 研究破碎性地層井壁穩(wěn)定性時發(fā)現(xiàn)井壁是否穩(wěn)定與井眼尺寸有關(guān)，井眼尺寸越大井壁越不穩(wěn)定。在研究層理發(fā)育的各向異性地層井壁穩(wěn)定性時發(fā)現(xiàn)井壁穩(wěn)定性與井眼軸線和地層層理面的夾角有關(guān)，認為應(yīng)盡可能以垂直于層理面的方式進入地層，才能保持井壁穩(wěn)定性。裂縫發(fā)育的破碎性地層層理發(fā)育的各向異性地層各向異性地層加拿大科學(xué)家的研究結(jié)果Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for

28、.NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.49破碎性地層的穩(wěn)定性的研究方法破碎性地層的力學(xué)特性由于結(jié)構(gòu)面的存在，破碎性地層的力學(xué)性質(zhì)主要受結(jié)構(gòu)面力學(xué)性質(zhì)的影響與完整地層相比，結(jié)構(gòu)面是高滲面，必須考慮滲流影響破碎性地層穩(wěn)定性問題，沒有解析解，必須進行數(shù)值求解有限元方法：節(jié)理面有限元模型（有限結(jié)構(gòu)面）、當量連續(xù)體模型（多組結(jié)構(gòu)面或隨機結(jié)構(gòu)面）離散元方法：塊體平衡理論，目前只能進行二維分析Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Clien

29、t Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.50破碎性地層的失穩(wěn)形式 結(jié)構(gòu)面的破壞有兩類：一是沿著結(jié)構(gòu)面的剪切破壞，二是垂直于節(jié)理面的拉張破壞；支撐不夠的時候發(fā)生沿著結(jié)構(gòu)面的剪切破壞，大塊坍塌，封堵不好，無法有效遏制滲流，導(dǎo)致垂直于結(jié)構(gòu)面的拉張破壞，也是大塊坍塌。Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.51破碎性地層井壁失穩(wěn)規(guī)律的數(shù)值模擬井眼未鉆開前的地層巖體模型井眼組開時井周巖體應(yīng)力狀態(tài)Evaluation only.Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile .Copyright 2019-2019 Aspose Pty Ltd.52破碎性地層井壁失穩(wěn)規(guī)律的數(shù)值模擬井眼鉆開25小時后井周巖體孔隙壓力分布規(guī)律井眼鉆開56小時后，井周巖體產(chǎn)生第一塊