CCNA培訓(xùn)教程5-管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境CICND10S05Appt課件

1、第五章管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境本章目的經(jīng)過本章的學(xué)習(xí)，您應(yīng)該掌握以下內(nèi)容:獲取直接相鄰設(shè)備的信息獲取遠(yuǎn)程設(shè)備的信息創(chuàng)建一個(gè)簡單的網(wǎng)絡(luò)框圖并驗(yàn)證該網(wǎng)絡(luò)清楚配置文件和IOS映象文件被加載的位置CDP協(xié)議Cisco Discovery Protocol是一個(gè)提供關(guān)于直接相連的交換機(jī)、路由器和其它Cisco設(shè)備的綜合信息的專有工具 CDP 可以發(fā)現(xiàn)直接相鄰的設(shè)備而不論這些設(shè)備所運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的是什么協(xié)議棧 物理介質(zhì)必需可以支持Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP)上層地址Cisco專有的鏈路層協(xié)議介質(zhì)必需可以支持 SNAPTCP/IPNovell IPXCDP能 發(fā)現(xiàn)并顯示關(guān)于直接相連的Cisc

2、o設(shè)備的信息ATMOthersLANs幀中繼AppleTalkOthersCDP運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)在運(yùn)用10.3或更新版Cisco IOS的路由器以及Cisco 交換機(jī)和集線器上能獲取的信息包括:設(shè)備名對應(yīng)各協(xié)議的地址端口名角色特征平臺 CDPshow cdpCDPCDP用CDP發(fā)現(xiàn)直接相鄰的設(shè)備運(yùn)用 CDP交換機(jī)B路由器A路由器B交換機(jī)AS0S1RouterA#sh cdp ? entry Information for specific neighbor entry interface CDP interface status and configuration neighbors CDP neighb

3、or entries traffic CDP statistics RouterA(config)#no cdp run RouterA(config)#interface serial0 RouterA(config-if)#no cdp enable 交換機(jī)A同時(shí)也顯示其Mac地址運(yùn)用show cdp neighbor 命令RouterA#sh cdp neighborsCapability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Rep

4、eaterDevice ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port IDRouterB Ser 0 148 R 2522 Ser 1SwitchA0050BD855780 Eth 0 167 T S 1900 2 S0S1交換機(jī)B路由器A路由器B交換機(jī)A運(yùn)用show cdp entry 命令RouterA#sh cdp entry *-Device ID: RouterB Entry address(es): IP address: Platform: cisco 2522, Capabilities: Router Interface:

5、 Serial0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial1Holdtime : 168 secVersion :Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fci)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeS0S1交換機(jī)B路由器A路由器B交換機(jī)A其它CD

6、P命令RouterA#sh cdp trafficCDP counters :Packets output: 56, Input: 38Hdr syntax: 0, Chksum error: 0, Encaps failed: 3No memory: 0, Invalid packet: 0, Fragmented: 0RouterA#sh cdp interface BRI0 is administratively down, line protocol is down Encapsulation HDLC Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Hold

7、time is 180 secondsS0S1交換機(jī)B路由器A路由器B交換機(jī)A用Telnet 銜接到遠(yuǎn)端設(shè)備遠(yuǎn)端設(shè)備S0S1RouterA#telnet Trying . Open-Catalyst 1900 Management ConsoleCopyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998All rights reserved.Enterprise Edition SoftwareEthernet Address: 00-90-86-73-33-40PCA Number: 73-2239-06PCA Serial Number: FAA02359H8K

8、Model Number: WS-C1924-ENSystem Serial Number: FAA0237X0FQ.SwitchB交換機(jī)B路由器A路由器B交換機(jī)A查看Telnet銜接S0S1RouterA#sh sessionConn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name 1 0 1 * 2 0 0 RouterA#sh user Line User Host(s) Idle Location* 0 con 0 3 2 11 vty 0 idle 1 交換機(jī)B路由器A路由器B交換機(jī)A掛起一個(gè)Telnet會話S0S1RouterB#xRouterA#sh sessi

9、onConn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name 1 0 1 RouterA#resume 1RouterB#交換機(jī)B路由器A路由器B交換機(jī)ARouterA#disconnect Closing connection to confirmRouterA#clear line 11confirm OK封鎖一個(gè)Telnet會話封鎖由遠(yuǎn)端設(shè)備建立的會話封鎖由本人建立的當(dāng)前會話S0S1交換機(jī)B路由器A路由器B交換機(jī)A運(yùn)用ping 和trace 命令測試對遠(yuǎn)端設(shè)備的銜接性和途徑Router#ping 0 Type escape sequence to abort.Sendi

10、ng 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 0, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 msRouter#trace 0 Type escape sequence to abort.Tracing the route to 0 1 0 4 msec 4 msec 4 msecRouter#路由器加電/啟動順序加電自檢 (POST)加載并運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)啟動引導(dǎo)微代碼尋覓IOS映象文件加載IOS映象文件尋覓配置文件加載配置文件正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)路由器內(nèi)部組件RAM配置

11、存放器ROMFlashNVRAM端口ROM 功能ROM存放完成根本功能的微代碼BootstrapMini IOSROMmonitorPOSTshow version控制臺尋覓IOS映象文件Flashshowversionshow startup-configIOS搜索順序:1. 檢查配置存放器 2. 解析NVRAM中的配置文件3. 缺省是運(yùn)用Flash中的第一個(gè)文件4. 嘗試從網(wǎng)絡(luò)啟動5. RXBOOT6. ROMMON控制臺配置存放器NVRAM路由器啟動流程圖Use IOS fromFlashAttempt to getIOS from networkUse IOS in ROM(RXBoo

12、t mode)Check start-upconfigBoot field =00 x0Boot field =10 x1Boot systemcommands?Config regbit 13=1? 5 failures?Valid IOS inFlash?Do whatthey sayRunROM MonitorSTARTYesYesNoNoYesNoNoYesYesNoNoYesSuccess?NoYesUse file fromNetworkLoad IOSValid config?Config regbit 6=1?YesNoYes SETUPDIALOG NORMAL START

13、UPCOMPLETENo確認(rèn)當(dāng)前的配置存放器值wg_ro_a#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base: 0 x03050C84, data-base: 0 x000010

14、00ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin-More-Configuration register is 0 x2102用命令show version所顯示

15、的配置存放器值設(shè)定配置存放器的值配置存放器的3, 2, 1和0位是啟動選項(xiàng)位Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0 x2102Ctrl-ZRouter#reload設(shè)定配置存放器的值配置存放器的3, 2, 1和0位是啟動選項(xiàng)位配置存放器啟動選項(xiàng)部分的值0 x0含義進(jìn)入ROM monitor方式(人工啟動時(shí)用 b 命令)Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0 x2102Ctrl-ZRouter#reload設(shè)定配置存放器的值配置存放器的3, 2,

16、 1和0位是啟動選項(xiàng)位配置存放器啟動選項(xiàng)部分的值0 x00 x1含義進(jìn)入ROM monitor方式(人工啟動時(shí)用 b 命令)自動從ROM啟動(提供完好IOS的一個(gè)子集)Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0 x2102Ctrl-ZRouter#reload配置存放器的3, 2, 1和0位是啟動選項(xiàng)位用命令show version來檢查配置存放器的值設(shè)定配置存放器的值配置存放器啟動選項(xiàng)部分的值0 x00 x2 to 0 xF0 x1含義進(jìn)入ROM monitor方式(人工啟動時(shí)用 b 命令)檢查NVRAM之 boot s

17、ystem 命令(假設(shè)路由器配有Flash那么缺省值為 0 x2)自動從ROM啟動(提供完好IOS的一個(gè)子集)Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0 x2102Ctrl-ZRouter#reload從Flash加載IOS映象文件FlashIOSIOSshow flashFlash中的映象文件解緊縮到RAM中控制臺RAM運(yùn)用 show flash 命令wg_ro_a#sh flash System flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_

18、120-3.bin 10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) 加載配置文件控制臺IOSSetup utilityshowstartup-configshowrunning-config從NVRAM中加載并運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)配置文件假設(shè)NVRAM中沒有配置文件, 進(jìn)入setup方式ConfigConfigRAMNVRAM運(yùn)用 show running 和 show startup 命令wg_ro_c#show startup-con

19、figUsing 9 out of 32762 bytes!version 12.0!- More -wg_ro_c#show running-configBuilding configuration.Current configuration:!version 12.0!- More -存在NVRAM中存在RAM中顯示當(dāng)前運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的和保管的配置情況配置參數(shù)的來源ConfigConfigRAMNVRAMNVRAMcopy running startupcopy startup running (合并)配置參數(shù)的來源ConfigConfigRAMNVRAMNVRAMTerminalcopy runn

20、ing startupcopy startup running (合并)config term(合并)ConfigConfigConsoleRAMNVRAMNVRAMTerminalTFTP 效力器copy running startupcopy startup running (合并)TFTP效力器copy start tftpcopy tftp startcopy run tftpcopy tftp run (合并)config term(合并)配置參數(shù)的來源配置參數(shù)的來源ConfigConfigConsoleRAMNVRAMNVRAMTerminalTFTP server刪除啟動配置文件

21、copy running startupcopy startup running (合并)TFTP效力器Blank000000000000erasestartconfig term(合并)copy tftp run (合并)copy tftp startcopy start tftpcopy run tftp運(yùn)用copy run tftp 和 copy tftp run 命令wg_ro_a#copy running-config tftp Address or name of remote host ? Destination filename running-config? wgroa.cf

22、g .!1684 bytes copied in 13.300 secs (129 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a#copy tftp running-config Address or name of remote host ? Source filename ? wgroa.cfg Destination filename running-config? Accessing tftp/wgroa.cfg. Loading wgroa.cfg from (via Ethernet0): !OK - 1684/3072 bytes1684 bytes copied in 17.692 s

23、ecs (99 bytes/sec)Cisco文件系統(tǒng)與設(shè)備RAMNVRAMTFTP效力器Flashflash:system:nvram:tftp:管理IOS映象文件網(wǎng)絡(luò)效力器FLASH路由器c2500-js-l_120-3.bin網(wǎng)絡(luò)效力器映象文件備份的預(yù)備確認(rèn)可以訪問到網(wǎng)絡(luò)效力路由器網(wǎng)絡(luò)效力器映象文件備份的預(yù)備確認(rèn)可以訪問到網(wǎng)絡(luò)效力確認(rèn)效力器上有足夠的空間路由器網(wǎng)絡(luò)效力器映象文件備份的預(yù)備確認(rèn)可以訪問到網(wǎng)絡(luò)效力確認(rèn)效力器上有足夠的空間確認(rèn)文件名路由器c2500-js-l_120-3.bin網(wǎng)絡(luò)效力器映象文件備份的預(yù)備路由器c2500-js-l_120-3.bin網(wǎng)絡(luò)效力器確認(rèn)可以訪問到網(wǎng)絡(luò)

24、效力確認(rèn)效力器上有足夠的空間確認(rèn)文件名需求時(shí)在效力器上創(chuàng)建文件wg_ro_a#show flashSystem flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin 10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)確認(rèn)存貯空間并解析文件名確認(rèn)Flash中有足夠空間來存放IOS映象文件wg_ro_a#copy flash tftpSour

25、ce filename ? c2500-js-l_120-3.binAddress or name of remote host ? Destination filename c2500-js-l_120-3.bin? !10084696 bytes copied in 709.228 secs (14223 bytes/sec)wg_ro_a#作映象文件的備份在晉級IOS前備份當(dāng)前的映象文件網(wǎng)絡(luò)效力器FLASHcopy flash tftpwg_ro_a#copy tftp flashAddress or name of remote host ? Source filename ? c2500-js-l_120-3.binDestination filename c2500-js-l_120-3.bin? Accessing tftp/c2500-js-l_120-3.b