名詞性從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)課件

1、主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句它的功能相當(dāng)于名詞名詞性從句She missed us very much.She was writing a letter.She would visit the Great Wall.She said that 賓語從句 (1) 老師說光比聲傳播快The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound. (2) 老人說太陽東方升起西方落下The old man said the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 我告訴他我馬上回來I told

2、 him (that) I would come back soon.他說他已經(jīng)讀完這部小說He said (that) he had finished reading this novel 他說他還要再借一本He said (that) that he would borrow 、another one注：并列第二個(gè)以上的賓語從句,或有插入語時(shí)不能省略that.)He said (that) he had finished reading this novel and that he would borrow another one.他告訴我他回來并會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來He told me（ that）

3、 he would come and that he would come on time.2.that在賓語從句中的省略與保留他們裝作在房間里讀書They pretended that they were reading in the room.當(dāng)that 引導(dǎo)的從句作復(fù)合賓語的第一個(gè)成分時(shí)，需用先行詞it 作形式賓語，把從句放到句末，that 不能省略。我們認(rèn)為他生病是可能的We consider it possible that he is ill. 我們認(rèn)為小王昨天沒來很奇怪 (1) We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come y

4、esterday.他清楚表明任何人違法都將受到懲罰 (2) He has made it clear that anyone who breaks the law is to be punished.這種句型的謂語動(dòng)詞有think, make, feel, find, consider.2. 由wh-疑問詞引導(dǎo)。我們完全理解他所說的We fully understood what he meant.去問問他昨天為什么晚了Go and ask why he was late yesterday.我問他進(jìn)展的咋樣I asked how he was getting on.我們選任何適合的人We w

5、ill choose whoever is fit.我不知道你在談?wù)撋?I didnt know what they were talking about.你知道冬天為啥比夏天冷嗎？ Do you know why winter is colder than summer?他不能說出他家在那He couldnt tell where his home was.約翰讓小孩坐著不動(dòng)，保證啥也傷害不了他 John made the boy sit still, promising that nothing would hurt him.他問我我忙不忙He asked me whether or no

6、t I was busy.whether 與if 有時(shí)可以換用，但下列情況只能用whether. 當(dāng)whether后緊跟or/or not時(shí),不用if.I dont know whether I will stay or not. 介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 注意1. whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句1. 介詞后的賓從.一切都靠明天天氣是否好Everything depends on whether it is fine tomorrow.2. whetheror not的賓從.我不知道她是否會(huì)喜歡

7、它I dont know whether or not shell like it. 3. 復(fù)合不定式只能用whether. 告訴我是去是留Tell us whether to go or stay here. 4.習(xí)慣上作discuss的賓從只用whether. 但: 賓語從句否定時(shí)常用if引導(dǎo). 他問你是否去見他 He asked if you would not go and see him.你告訴我的使我非常高興 I was pleased by what he told me.他總是注意老師所說的 He always pays attention to whatever the te

8、acher says.他講述他怎樣幫助老人找到她兒子 He told of how he helped the old woman to find her missing son. 這類形容詞常見的有sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等。 (1) 我肯定那晚你看起來非常漂亮I am sure you looked beautiful that evening. (2)我們一點(diǎn)不奇怪他比期望的晚回來3天 We were not surprised that he returned three days

9、 later than expected.3、用作某些形容詞的賓語從句： (3) 大家都怕有人會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他啥也看不見Everyone was afraid that someone might find out that he could see nothing. (4) 母親非常高興女兒通過入學(xué)考試Mother was very pleased (that) her daughter had passed the entrance exams.二、主語從句(1)他能來是肯定的That he will come is certain.(2) 她是否能來沒關(guān)系Whether she is comin

10、g or not doesnt matter too much.(3) 使我最吃驚的是看見一些村民坐在教室后面What surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.(4) 哪個(gè)隊(duì)會(huì)贏得比賽是公眾關(guān)心的事Which team will win the match is a matter of public concern.(5) 他去哪了還不知道Where she has gone is not known yet. 當(dāng)主語從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，多放

11、在句子后部，用 it 作形式主語。 以it作形式主語，把主語從句后置的常用句型有：1. It+be+形容詞+that從句 certain clear important necessary probable possibleIt is/wasthat clause（1）她會(huì)考好是肯定的了It is certain that she will do well in her exam.（2）他告訴我一切是可能的 It is probable that he told me everything.2、It + be + 名詞詞組 + that從句 pity that clause shame dut

12、y (1) It is a pity that we cant go.(2) It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.It is / was a3、It + be + 過去分詞 + that從句said reported thought hope d believed known that clauseIt is(1) 據(jù)說他是班級(jí)最好的學(xué)生It is said that he is the best student in the class.(2) 據(jù)認(rèn)為喬駕車很差I(lǐng)t is thought that Joe driv

13、es badly.4、It + seem, happen, appear等不及物 動(dòng)詞 + that從句。(1) 看起來愛麗絲根本不能去舞會(huì)It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.(2) 碰巧我那天外出It happened that I was out that day.3. 表語從句在句中作表語的句子叫表語從句。 引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if, because 引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： 主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + that從句 (1) 這就是湯姆所所讀的This was

14、 what Tom was reading.(2)事實(shí)是我從來 沒去過那里The truth is that I have never been there.(3) 看起來好像要下雨It looks as if it is going to rain.這就是他怎樣克服這些困難This is how we overcame the difficulties.那就是她昨天為啥缺席 That is why she was absent yesterday.這房子就是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的地方The house is where Lu Xun once lived.事實(shí)是我們輸了比賽The fact is t

15、hat we have lost the game. 那就是我想要的Thats just what I want. 這就是我們的問題所在This is where our problem lies. 那就是他為啥沒來開會(huì)That is why he didnt come to the meeting. . 這是因?yàn)樗麤]趕上火車This is because he missed the train 當(dāng)主語為it, that, this時(shí), because 可以引導(dǎo)句子, 出現(xiàn)在表語的位置上. 否則, because應(yīng)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句.這是因?yàn)槲覀兿奶祀x太陽近It is because we ar

16、e closer to the sun in summer. 這是因?yàn)樗`法了This is because he broke the law.他來晚的原因是他差一分鐘沒趕上火車The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning. 需要注意的是，當(dāng)主語是reason 時(shí)，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。 他缺席的原因是前天睡的太晚早晨沒起來The reason of his absence is that he stayed up too late the night

17、 before and could not get up that morning.他來晚的原因是他起床晚了The reason why he was late was that he got up late.表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞與主語從句和賓語從句相同. 但: 1. that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)不能省. 2. if不能引導(dǎo)表語從句. 3. seem, appear后可接that引導(dǎo)的從句, 而look則不可. 這三個(gè)詞后都可用as if / as though 引導(dǎo)從句. It seems / appears that he was late for the train yesterday. It s

18、eems / appears / looks as if we have to go home on foot.看起來好像要下雨It looks as if it is going to rain功能例詞從屬連詞 只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)從句中的任何作用。that, whether,if，as if（只用于表詞從句）連接代詞既起連接作用，本身又做從句的主語、賓語、表語或定語。Who, whom, whose,what, which連接副詞既起連接作用，本身又做從句的狀語。when, where, why,how 用how組成的詞組，如： how many, how much引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞歸

19、納起來可分為以下三類 同位語從句在句中作某些名詞的同位語，這些名詞常見的有，fact, news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear等。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連詞通常有that和whether, what, why, how等。四、同位語從句1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Quee

20、n of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night._ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.4.Time travel is possible./ There is

21、no scientific proof for the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view._Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt

22、 spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school. (1) 他們表達(dá)他們要再來參觀中國(guó)的愿望They expressed the hope that they would come over to vis

23、it China again. (2) 我們都知道地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)的事實(shí)We all know the truth that the earth goes round the sun. (3) 他啥也沒說的事實(shí)使我們很吃驚The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us. (4)他們問我這工作值不值得做的問題 They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. (5) 這是否對(duì)的問題還沒定論The problem whether it is right or

24、 wrong has not yet been decided.我不知道她什么時(shí)候回來 I have no idea when she will be back. 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別： that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。 I had no idea that you were here.Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,

25、不能省略）(that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）試比較： He put forward the suggestion that the second question should be discussed first.（同位語從句） The suggestion that he had put forward was turn down.（定語從句）注意：同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別是：前者說明名詞的內(nèi)容，后者說明名詞的性質(zhì)特征；前者所用連詞that不是從句的一個(gè)成分，后者所用關(guān)系代詞that是從句中的一個(gè)成分。下面就運(yùn)用名詞性從句時(shí)要注意的幾個(gè)方面作以歸納：1.語序 在名詞性從句中，從句

26、一律使用陳述語序。特別要注意由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句 (what, who, which, when, where, now, why等), 不可用特殊疑問句的影響而用了疑問句語序。如：(1) I wonder who she is.(2) The question is when well complete the works.(3) Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much. 2. 時(shí)態(tài)： 學(xué)習(xí)名詞性從句時(shí)，除了要注意從句的引導(dǎo)詞，語序等外，還要注意從句謂語動(dòng)詞與主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致關(guān)系。 (2)、在主語從句，表語從句和

27、同位語從句中，也要注意從句謂語動(dòng)詞與主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一致性。關(guān)鍵要注意動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系。如： (1) Who will be sent abroad has not been decided.（主句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句是一般將來時(shí)） (2) The earth of today is not what it was millions of years ago.（主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句是一般過去時(shí))3、幾組易混引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別(1) What 與 that 在句詞性從句中，what和that都可作關(guān)連詞，其區(qū)別在于：what在從句中要充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分（主語、賓語或表語等）,因此在任何情況下都不能省略，

28、表示“什么”，所的事（物、話），相當(dāng)于the thing that或which。that本身沒有詞匯意義，在名詞從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，在口語和非正式文體中，賓語從句中的that經(jīng)常省略。如： (1) 你所做的可能傷害別人What you have done might do harm to others. (2) 所引起這個(gè)事故的是一個(gè)神奇What caused the accident is a complete mystery . (3)我認(rèn)為你會(huì)喜歡這枚郵票I think (that) you will like the stamps. (1) 直接與or not 邊用時(shí)，只用wheth

29、er, 不用if I dont know whether or not hell come. (2)介詞后面的賓語從句用whether, 不用if Everything depends on whether the situation will improve.(2) whether 和 if的區(qū)別：whether 和 if 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以互換使用，但下列情況用whether不用if。 (3)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句放在句首時(shí)，用whether,不用if Whether he has stolen the money, I dont know. （5）引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句以及同位語從句用wheth

30、er不用if Whether well go depends on the weather. The question is whether it is worth doing. (6)某些動(dòng)詞，如discuss等后習(xí)慣上只用 whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，不用ifWe discussed whether we should hold a meeting. (4) whether 可用在不定式前，if 則不能.Please tell me whether to go or not.Whether和if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)，二者?？苫Q。I dont know if/whether you are s

31、atisfied with your work.引導(dǎo)否定的賓語從句時(shí)，通常用if 不用whetherI dont care if it doesnt rain.注意doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用whether/ if 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用 that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問句時(shí)，后接 that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；用于否定句時(shí)，后接whether/if 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。 I dont doubt (that) you will succeed.I dont know whether/if he will come tonight.I doubt if /whether