高中英語(yǔ)：Unit4Learningefficiently學(xué)案Grammar新人教版選修

1、Unit 4 Learning efficiently語(yǔ)法知識(shí)歸納梳理虛擬語(yǔ)氣中學(xué)生要掌握“虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的使用”、“虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用”、“虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表達(dá)愿望、主張等從句中的使用”和“虛擬語(yǔ)氣在特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用”等。這些是進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的重要基礎(chǔ)?，F(xiàn)分述如下：1.虛擬條件是指講話人認(rèn)為無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)、不可能存在的條件。在考題中，出題人會(huì)將虛擬條件轉(zhuǎn)成其他的“事實(shí)”陳述，而不以if-clause的形式出現(xiàn)。）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符的虛擬條件句If Professor Zhang were here, he could/would/might/should help us.張教授現(xiàn)在如果在這里，他

2、就能就會(huì)也許應(yīng)該幫助我們。（四個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞各表達(dá)講話人不同的講話態(tài)度，要注意選擇使用。）與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符的虛擬條件句If you had gone to the meeting yesterday, you should have known what was discussed there.昨天，你如果參加了會(huì)議，就應(yīng)該知道會(huì)議上討論了什么。Had Tom met me before, I might have told him about it.湯姆要是早點(diǎn)兒遇到了我，我也許把這件事告訴過(guò)他了。（省略if就要將謂語(yǔ)部分的動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首）真題：1. It is hard for me to ima

3、gine what I would be doing today if I _ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002上海)A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall. 解析：這是混合時(shí)態(tài)、混合語(yǔ)氣的主從復(fù)合句。主句is hard是陳述語(yǔ)氣；賓語(yǔ)從句里的主句謂語(yǔ)would be doing是“與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣；if引導(dǎo)的條件句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該要是與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)?/p>

4、at the age of seven是明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故選B。2. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now. (2002上海)A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 解析：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)just now和過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用，因此這是與過(guò)去事實(shí)不符的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。故選C。3. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise

5、 he _ a goal. (2001上海)A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 解析：從邏輯的角度看，轉(zhuǎn)折副詞otherwise后面總是要接虛擬語(yǔ)氣。該句中hesitated是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故選D。4. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. (2004廣西)A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 解析

6、：8:30就應(yīng)到達(dá)，但是現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)。Should含有輕微的指責(zé)意。故選A。5. Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. 23. (2004福建)You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told 解析：原因同上。故選D。6. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. (2001全國(guó)) A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt hav

7、e left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 解析：你不應(yīng)該一句話不說(shuō)就離家出走的，但是你卻這樣做了，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。故選B。）與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能不符的條件句If it were to rain this afternoon, the football match would be put off till next Friday.如果今天下午下雨，足球賽就推遲到下一周星期五。Did Tom come tomorrow(=If Tom came tomorrow), we should show him around our campus.如果湯姆明天來(lái)，我們

8、應(yīng)該帶領(lǐng)他參觀我們的校園。If they should play the match against us, we should get the team well organized and try our best to beat them.如果他們真的和我們打比賽，我們應(yīng)該好好地組織并努力戰(zhàn)勝他們。注意：條件句引導(dǎo)詞if若被省略，該條件句則倒裝。在實(shí)際使用中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣和陳述語(yǔ)氣會(huì)出現(xiàn)在同一主從復(fù)合句里。所以，我們要注意混合語(yǔ)氣、混合時(shí)態(tài)的使用。比如：If I had known her earlier, I might have fallen in love with her. But

9、what a pity, now she has been others bride.我如果早一些時(shí)候認(rèn)識(shí)她，我也許會(huì)愛(ài)上她的?？墒?，可惜啊，她現(xiàn)在成了別人的新娘。If I had been informed yesterday, I should know what to do now.昨天要是有人告訴我，我現(xiàn)在就知道做什么了。真題：I _ pay Tracy a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. (2004浙江)A. should B. might C. would D. could 解析：根據(jù)but引

10、導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折分句看，visit如果要發(fā)生，也應(yīng)該是周末的事。故選A。2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用在英語(yǔ)里，wish/advise/suggest(建議)/demand/insist(堅(jiān)決主張)/ask(要求)/order/require/desire/propose/urge/prefer等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，除wish以外，其結(jié)構(gòu)都是“should+原形動(dòng)詞”，should可以被省略。在與這些動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞后的同謂語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句里也要用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。I wish I would be manager of this company after I graduate from

11、the college.我希望大學(xué)畢業(yè)后能做這個(gè)公司的經(jīng)理。I wish I had enough money on me now.我希望現(xiàn)在手頭有足夠的錢(qián)。I wish I had met the beautiful young lady yesterday.我希望昨天見(jiàn)過(guò)那位年輕漂亮的女士了。The head-teacher asked that the classroom (should) be cleaned right away.班主任要求學(xué)生們立即打掃教室。真題：1. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful

12、garden! (02上海)A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 解析：就本句看，是描述一般情況，表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在的愿望之間的距離或者叫與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。故選B。2. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)A. might B. need C. should D. would 解析：該賓語(yǔ)從句描述“想象”與“現(xiàn)實(shí)”之間的差距，也是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。故選C。3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在as if(though) /even if(though

13、)等句子中的使用We should act as if she were watching us.我們要表現(xiàn)出好像她在看著我們。I couldnt help even though I had been there at the moment.即使我當(dāng)時(shí)在場(chǎng)，我也沒(méi)有辦法。4. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在It is important/ necessary/ desirable/ possible/ natural/ essential that-clause以及would rather/sooner后的從句中和其他的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用。比如：Its necessary that you (should) keep your safety belt on at all times 你有必要始終系好安全帶。Its strange that they (should) feel so angry.真奇怪，他們感到那么生氣。Its a pity that they should have forgotten to tell you about it.真遺憾，他們竟然忘記了通知你這件事。Id rather you came tomorrow.我倒希望你明天來(lái)。If only he were alive.他