高中英語短文改錯(cuò)萬能公式

1、英語短文改錯(cuò)萬能公式高考短文改錯(cuò)題具有“高起點(diǎn)、低落點(diǎn)”的特點(diǎn)，對(duì)學(xué)生的語言感覺和語言 能力要求較高，但改正的錯(cuò)誤往往比較簡單。很多學(xué)生做不好改錯(cuò)題不是因?yàn)闆] 有掌握這些語法知識(shí)，而是不能通過語感找出錯(cuò)誤。所以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生有意識(shí)地去注 意一些高考短文改錯(cuò)的?？键c(diǎn)非常重要。一、英語短文改錯(cuò)語法口訣：（一）見到謂語找主語，主謂一致找狀語見到名詞想多數(shù)，可不可數(shù)要記牢見到平行看結(jié)構(gòu)，形式功能要對(duì)稱見到代詞找指代，指代通常不合理帶賓語必帶to,不帶賓語不帶to小小of常抓的點(diǎn)，of前名詞adj最高級(jí)比較級(jí)不修飾比較級(jí),最高級(jí)不修飾最高級(jí)（二）謂與非調(diào)經(jīng)常混謂語句中就一個(gè)其余動(dòng)詞非謂語常見形式有三種v-in

2、g ,v-ed 和 to do主謂通常v-ing動(dòng)賓通常v-ed現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)過去分詞表被動(dòng)目的要用不定式by前有過去分詞相擁 by后有動(dòng)名詞后抱介詞后跟動(dòng)名詞時(shí)態(tài)基點(diǎn)要搞清現(xiàn)在還是過去時(shí)（三）規(guī)則是說謊lie不規(guī)則是躺lie lay躺過就下蛋l(fā)ay laid 1ied lied lain laid下蛋不規(guī)則二、短文改錯(cuò)解題思路和檢查原則 （一）解題思路.句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，特別是每個(gè)句子要有動(dòng)詞；.謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)；.非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法；.名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)，格的使用是否正確；.定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確；.代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤；.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞、副詞是否準(zhǔn)確無誤；.并列句中的并

3、列連詞、主從復(fù)合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當(dāng)。（二）解題四原則.改動(dòng)以最少為原則；.虛詞以添加或刪除為原則；.實(shí)詞以改變?cè)~形為原則;.以保持句子原意為原貝h三、解題步驟.通讀全文，掌握大意.整句分析，逐行推敲.反復(fù)通讀，復(fù)查驗(yàn)證四、解題注意要點(diǎn)和能力培養(yǎng)L核對(duì)錯(cuò)項(xiàng)時(shí)，若的確有一時(shí)難以改出的地方，可以參考所改動(dòng)項(xiàng)是否基本符合“1： 1： 8” 的比例。即多一詞1個(gè)，缺詞1個(gè)，錯(cuò)詞8個(gè)。.核對(duì)改正的語法項(xiàng)目是否有重復(fù)。因?yàn)槎涛母腻e(cuò)往往覆蓋面廣，一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)重復(fù)考查某 個(gè)語法點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)象。.核對(duì)答題符號(hào)是否規(guī)范，位置是否準(zhǔn)確，看看有無遺漏符號(hào)，忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問 題。五、短文改錯(cuò)常見錯(cuò)誤類型.謂語動(dòng)

4、詞的錯(cuò)誤：常見動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類型有：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)錯(cuò)用；They did not want me to do any work at home;they want me to devote all my time to my studies.（did 改為 do）and前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致；As we climbed die mountam. we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.（visiting 改為 visited）主謂不一致；One evening she told me that something happened wh

5、en her parents was out.（was 改為 were）缺少動(dòng)詞,特別是be動(dòng)詞;Tliere will an miportant game next month. （will 后力11 be）第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用；主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語杰錯(cuò)用。.名詞的常見錯(cuò)誤：單復(fù)數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用。Fil get good marks in all my subject.（subject 改為 subjects）Tlieir word were a great encouragement to me.（word 改為 words）Without enough knowledge

6、s, you can never teach well.（knowledges 改為 knowledge）.連詞錯(cuò)誤：連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞，并列連詞and/or/but等。關(guān)于連詞，一般考查 從句關(guān)系 who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether 等。I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei.（錯(cuò)用 了 who 的所有格形式，改為 whose）I teach them, play with them, but watch tliein growing up.（此處應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系而非

7、轉(zhuǎn)折，but改為and）Clever as she is, but she works very hard.（as 意為盡管，不能再跟 but 連用，所以去 掉 but）.冠詞錯(cuò)誤：誤用a和an（根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)音素來判定）；誤用a/an和the （固定搭配， 或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞）We maybe one family and live under a same roof, （a 改為 the, the same 是固定搭配）As everyone knowsjts famous mountain with all kmds of pants. （mountain 是可 數(shù)名詞 需用

8、冠詞，所以其前加a）I hope you have pleasant jouniey.（joiimey 是可數(shù)名詞，故 have 后力口 a）.形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤：系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動(dòng) 詞smell/feel）;詞性的誤用（形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞）。CD Im sure we 11 have a wonderfully time togetlier.（time 是名詞所以要用形容詞 wonderfill 修飾） My promuiciation was terribly, （was 后用形容詞，terribly

9、改為 terrible.）6.代詞錯(cuò)誤：代詞的主格和賓格(1/g力/11面；511，1；00八15計(jì)/珀011)錯(cuò)誤；反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯(cuò)誤；代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù) 數(shù)使用錯(cuò)誤;代詞指代錯(cuò)誤;多代詞或少代詞。Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in smiple English.（me 改為 myself）One day I wrote a little story and s

10、howed to my teacher（to 前力II it）If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, die other would help him out. （other 后加 s）Whats more.you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.（hHii 改 為 them）.非謂語動(dòng)詞的常見錯(cuò)誤：不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語、賓語時(shí);and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前 后不一致（尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)）；介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語;某些動(dòng)詞后要求接

11、動(dòng)名詞或不定 式。Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper.（enjoy 后需接動(dòng)名詞，talk 改為 talking）But liis parents think go to college is more miportant than playing sports. （go 作主語，應(yīng) 改為gomg）Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.（介詞后 用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語，read改為reading）I particularly

12、 eiijoyed drning tlirough the countryside witli you and saw the chaiigmg colors of the leaves on the trees.（and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致，故saw改為seeing）.介詞錯(cuò)誤：詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用There are too many people among my family.（among 改為 in, in my family 為固定搭 配）I was so tired tliat I fell asleep at die moment my

13、head touched the pillow.（去掉 at, the moment引導(dǎo)從句）五、口訣動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)；注意形和副；非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別；習(xí)慣用法要記?。痪渥映煞侄喾治?；邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。一.動(dòng)詞形主要包括兩類錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。例如： My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)Now my picture and prize is hangmg in the library, (are)解析：上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和主、謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。找出此

14、類錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的 時(shí)態(tài)概念，注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間，保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。二.名詞數(shù)指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。例如：.so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subjects).區(qū)分形和副區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的?？键c(diǎn)。例如：Im sure we 11 have a wonderfully time together. (vronderful)Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfo

15、rtunately)解析：需要注意的是，形容詞多用來做定、表、補(bǔ)語等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語，修飾 動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time,第二句的 Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個(gè)句子。.非調(diào)動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類錯(cuò)誤，也包括不定式類錯(cuò)誤。例如：.in my spare tmie. but now I am mterestmg m football. (interested)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also . (

16、playing)My parents love me. and will do all they can make sure. (to)解析：上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語，和不定式作目的狀語。一般的，現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng) 態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義，而過去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義，不定式有將來時(shí)態(tài)的含義。.習(xí)慣用法要記住主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的常考點(diǎn)，其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種: 多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at die railway station aiid. (of)We must keep in ni

17、ind that we play for the team instead ourselves, (of).句子成分多分析不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對(duì)句子結(jié) 構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。例如： They eager to know everything about China and. (were)I live in Beijing, where is the capital of Chma. (which)解析：第一例漏掉了謂語動(dòng)詞were,這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤；第二例則是詞類 與它在句子中的成分不相符，wher

18、e是副詞，不能作主語。.邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地 名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤，常是這類錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)象。例如：Tlie Simtlis did his best to make me feel at home.(their)First, let me tell you sometlmig more about myself.(去掉 more).no way of setting tlie matter except by selhiig die set.Now someone at home reads instead- (everyone)解析：上述第一例中的主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆)，因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例 中的more在這兒表“再”的意思，才開始告訴別人，怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”？第三例 講的是