2016年高考全國(guó)卷I閱讀理解真題(含詳解答案)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)AYou probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams (1860-1935)Anyone who has ever b

2、een helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社區(qū)) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rac

3、hel Carson (1907-1964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 bookSilent Springraised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor (1930-present)Wh

4、en Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (參議員) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important c

5、ases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (1913-2005)On December 1. 1995, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and

6、 kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.21. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A. Her social work.B. Her teaching skills.C. Her efforts to win a prize.D. Her community background.22. What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by th

7、e law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson.C. Sandra Day OConnor D. Rosa Parks

8、.24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace-lovers.21.【解析】A信息概括題。根據(jù)第二段“a social worker”可明顯得出答案，故A正確。22.【解析】C細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段“She could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.”可知，原因在

9、于對(duì)女性的歧視，故C正確。23.【解析】D細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段“kicked off the civil-rights movement”可知，Rosa Park推動(dòng)了民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)，故D正確。24.【解析】C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize”；第三段第一句“If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environment movement might not exist today”；第四段第二句“the first woman to j

10、oin the U.S Supreme Court”；最后一段第三句“kicked off the civil-rights movement”，可知，四位女性都是歷史上的先鋒，故C正確。BGrandparents Answer a CallAs a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and her son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with thei

11、r children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of gra

12、ndparents like Garza who are moving closer to their children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obamas mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According t

13、o a study, , 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinsons decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough, fast enough to prove we

14、could do it on our own,” says Christiane Crosby, publisher of Graza magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important to be near them, especially when youre raising children.”Moving is not for everyone. Although every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandch

15、ildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling but giving up the life you know may be harder.25. Why was Garzas move a success?A. It strengthened

16、 her family ties.B. It improved her living conditions.C. It enabled her to make more friends.D. It helped her know more places.26. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinsons decision?A. 17% expressed their support for it.B. Few people responded sympathetically.C. 32% believed it had a bad

17、 influence.D. The majority suggested it was a trend.27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A. They were unsure of themselves.B. They were eager to raise more children.C. They wanted to live away from their parents.D. They had little experiences for their grandparents.28. What does the aut

18、hor suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?A. Make the decisions in the best interest of their own.B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.C. Sacrifice for their struggling children.D. Get to know themselves better.25【解析】A細(xì)節(jié)題。定位首段末句由“Today all three generations regard the move a

19、success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities”可知答案。26【解析】D細(xì)節(jié)題。定位第二段，由“83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinsons decision will influence grandparents in the American family. ”可知，約83%的人認(rèn)為Mrs. Robinson的決定會(huì)影響美國(guó)的很多祖父母，說(shuō)明不是17%而是83%的人支持，排除A；B選項(xiàng)文中未提及；83%的人支持，說(shuō)明認(rèn)為有

20、很壞影響的人占的比例不可能超過(guò)17%；D選項(xiàng)符合文意。27【解析】C推斷題。由第三段首句“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough, fast enough to prove we could do it on our own”可推斷20世紀(jì)60年代的時(shí)候，人們想要離開家去證明自己的能力但現(xiàn)實(shí)并不允許，心里其實(shí)是想離開家的，C選項(xiàng)正確。28【解析】A推斷題。由最后一段“but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequent

21、ly instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling but giving up the life you know may be harder”可知有時(shí)候?qū)ψ娓改竵?lái)說(shuō)，和孩子孫子們住在一起并非就是好的選擇，反而不住在一起而是頻繁去探訪子孫會(huì)更好，因?yàn)檫@樣就不需要改變祖父母自己熟知的生活方式，由此可推測(cè)出作者的建議祖父母是否搬去和子孫一起住最好從祖父母的需求出發(fā)，選擇A。CI am Peter Hodes, a volunteer ste

22、m cellcourier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干細(xì)胞） in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor（捐獻(xiàn)者） to the time they can be implant

23、ed in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time. I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check - in

24、desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “well, Im really sorry, Ive got some bad news for you - there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient - please, please, youve got to get

25、 me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed（改道） me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, youre consciously aware that in that box youve got someth

26、ing that is potentially going to save somebodys life.29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?A. provider B. delivery manC. collector D. medical doctor30. Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.

27、B. The donor can only wait for that long.C. The operation needs that much time.D. The ice wont last any longer.31. Which fight did the woman put Peter on first?A. To London. B. To Newark.C. To Providence. D. To Washington.29【解析】B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第二行carry stem cells可知，作者是運(yùn)送細(xì)胞的人，所以選擇B選項(xiàng)，delivery man。30【解析】D

28、細(xì)節(jié)題。從第一段第三行“because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.”可以知道選擇D選項(xiàng)，“the ice wont last any longer.”31【解析】B細(xì)節(jié)題。由原文第三段倒數(shù)第二行“re-routed me through Newark”可知，答案選B。DThe meaning of silence carries among culture groups. Silence may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing

29、to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or, worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(間隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as neces

30、sary for understanding a persons needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is t

31、hat the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. F

32、or example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another

33、use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority, persons in Asian culture may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible mea

34、nings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the heali

35、ng(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?A. It implies anger.B. It promotes friendship.C. It is culture-specificD. It is content-based33. Which of the follow

36、ing people might consider silence as a call for careful thought?A. The Chinese. B. The French.C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians.34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.B. Break it while treating patients.C. Evaluate its harm to patients.D.

37、Make use of its healing effects.35. What may be the best title for the text?A. Sound and SilenceB. What it means to be silentC. Silence to Native AmericansD. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold32.【解析】C推測(cè)題。原文定位第一段, 可以得知A選項(xiàng)不全面，沉默不只代表一個(gè)意思；同理，可排除B選項(xiàng)；此段反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)“Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups”，“

38、Persons in other cultural groups value” 可得知，沉默在不同文化中的意義是不同的，而不是根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容變化的，由此可以排出D，得出正確答案C。33.【解析】A細(xì)節(jié)題。題干的意思是“在哪國(guó)人的文化中，沉默代表要求對(duì)方仔細(xì)考慮？”定位第二段“ Thereforeperson wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.” 中文意思為，在中國(guó)和泰國(guó)文化中，silence代表說(shuō)話人想在繼續(xù)會(huì)話之前讓傾聽者考慮他說(shuō)過(guò)的話。所以可以得出答案A。34.【解析】D細(xì)節(jié)題。對(duì)應(yīng)文章最后

39、一段。答案可以在段落主題句中可以分析出來(lái)第一句和最后一句。尤其是最后一句“ A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients”作者認(rèn)為，了解沉默的治愈價(jià)值有助于更好地照顧病人。所以，是建議護(hù)士利用沉默的治愈價(jià)值的。而A，B選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在第2句so that后面的部分。用了否定詞not，是作者所不建議的。C選項(xiàng)在文中并未提及。35.【解析】B主旨題。文章為總分的結(jié)構(gòu)，可從第一段入手。定位文章第一句 “The mean

40、ing of silence caries among culture groups.” 即可得知全篇都在講沉默代表的意義，不同的文化意義不同。文中并沒提到聲音與沉默的關(guān)系，所以不選A；文章講了不同國(guó)家沉默代表的意義，不局限于Native Americans，排除C；而D 選項(xiàng)是一句諺語(yǔ)，“說(shuō)話是銀，沉默是金”，文章并沒有對(duì)比兩者的重要性。因此只能選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Secret codes (密碼) keep messages private. Bank, companies, an

41、d government agencies use secret code in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years.36Code breaking never lags (落后) behind code making. The science of decoding and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three

42、main types of cryptography.37For example, the first letters are “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” 38You might represent each letter with a number, for example, lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “1 3 5 20 13 5”.A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.39For example, “br