最新電大《建筑設(shè)備》期末綜合復(fù)習(xí)題及參考答案資料小抄

1、電大建筑設(shè)備期末綜合復(fù)習(xí)題及參考答案資料小抄一、填空題：1建筑物內(nèi)干管的布置形式，一般分為下行上給式、上行下給式、環(huán)狀式。 2一般對(duì)層數(shù)不高，衛(wèi)生器具不多的建筑物，將排水立管上端延伸出層面，此段管道稱為通氣管。 3給水管道附件是安裝在管道及設(shè)備上的啟閉和調(diào)節(jié)裝置的總稱，一般分為配水附件、控制附件兩類。4城鎮(zhèn)排水體制按匯流方式分分流制和合流制兩種5水表節(jié)點(diǎn)是由閥門，水表，放水閥組成。對(duì)于不允許停水或設(shè)有消防管道的建筑，還應(yīng)裝設(shè)旁通管。6建筑給水系統(tǒng)按用途分為生活給水系統(tǒng) ，生產(chǎn)給水系統(tǒng)，消防給水系統(tǒng)，中水給水系統(tǒng) 四類。7給水管道敷設(shè)在寒冷地區(qū)不采暖房間時(shí)，對(duì)管道應(yīng)采取保溫措施；敷設(shè)在濕度的房間

2、時(shí)，對(duì)管道應(yīng)采取防結(jié)露措施。8建筑排水系統(tǒng)常采用的清通設(shè)備主要有檢查口，清掃口和檢查井。9為了防止排水系統(tǒng)中的有害氣體竄入室內(nèi)，每一衛(wèi)生器具下面必須設(shè)存水彎。 10建筑給水系統(tǒng)所需壓力，必須能將需要的流量輸送到建筑物內(nèi)的最不利配水龍頭或用水設(shè)備處，并保11散熱器是安裝在供暖房間里的散熱設(shè)備。 12疏水器是阻止蒸汽通過，只允許凝水和不凝氣體及時(shí)排往凝水管路的一種專門的裝置。13熱水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)的加熱方式有直接加熱和間接加熱兩種。14自然循環(huán)熱水供暖系統(tǒng)是靠密度差形成的壓力差使水在系統(tǒng)中循環(huán)的。16蒸汽供暖系統(tǒng)按回水的動(dòng)力不同分為重力回水和機(jī)械回水兩類。17.自然通風(fēng)中形成熱壓的條件是：室內(nèi)外必須有溫

3、差；窗孔間必須有高差。18.要使全面通風(fēng)效果好，不僅需要足夠的通風(fēng)量，而且要合理的氣流組織。19.室內(nèi)清潔度要求較高的房間全面通風(fēng)時(shí)，采用機(jī)械送風(fēng)，即利用風(fēng)機(jī)把新鮮空氣送入室內(nèi)，使進(jìn)風(fēng)量大于排風(fēng)量，室內(nèi)壓力大于室外大氣壓，保證室內(nèi)處于正壓狀態(tài)。20.制冷劑是在壓縮式制冷系統(tǒng)中進(jìn)行壓縮、冷凝、節(jié)流膨脹、蒸發(fā)四個(gè)主要熱力過程。21.空調(diào)系統(tǒng)使用的消聲器有阻性消聲器，抗性消聲器，共振式消聲器 三類22.通風(fēng)機(jī)按其作用原理分為離心式，軸流式，貫流式三類23最基本的電路由電源，負(fù)載，導(dǎo)線組成。24.供電質(zhì)量是指供電的可靠性和電能的質(zhì)量。25.防雷裝置的引下線的作用是將接閃器承受的雷電引到接地裝置。24.

4、照明光源分為熱輻射光源，氣體放電光源兩類。25.建筑工程中常用的火災(zāi)探測(cè)器有感煙式，感溫式，感光式三類。26.中斷供電將造成人身傷亡、重大經(jīng)濟(jì)損失或?qū)⒃斐晒矆?chǎng)所秩序嚴(yán)重混亂的負(fù)荷屬于一級(jí)負(fù)荷。27.配電線路由配電裝置（配電盤）及配電線路（干線及分支線）組成。配電方式有放射式、樹干式 混合式 設(shè)備容量 是建筑工程中所有安裝的用電設(shè)備的額定功率的總和。 二、單項(xiàng)些選擇題：1如果既考慮到長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性，又考慮到基本建設(shè)投資不致過高，流速要選用（ B）A 最大流速 B 經(jīng)濟(jì)流速 C 最小流速 D 平均流速2低溫、低壓流體需作迅速全啟、全閉的閥門（C ） A 閘閥 B 截止閥 C 旋塞閥 D 止回閥

5、 3自動(dòng)排放凝結(jié)水并阻止蒸汽泄漏的閥門是( C ) A 閘閥 B 截止閥 C 疏水閥 D 止回閥 4根據(jù)供水壓力不同，對(duì)高壓區(qū)送壓力較高，其它用水壓力較低的用戶則另設(shè)給水系統(tǒng)，這種給水系統(tǒng)叫( C ) 。A 統(tǒng)一給水系統(tǒng) B 分質(zhì)給水系統(tǒng) C 分壓給水系統(tǒng) D 分區(qū)給水系統(tǒng) 5埋地生活飲用管道和儲(chǔ)水池與化糞池的凈距，不得小于（B ）。A 5m B 10m C 15m D 20m6生活給水管道的水流速度，不宜大于（B）。 A.02m/s B.2m/s C. 20m/s D. 200m/s7排水立管與排出管端部的連接，宜采用兩個(gè)45彎頭或彎曲半徑不小于（D）管徑的90彎頭。 A.一倍B.兩倍C.三

6、倍D. 四倍8各種衛(wèi)生器具的額定流量，是在龍頭出口前具有一定的靜水壓力下測(cè)得的，此靜水壓力值稱（C）。A.側(cè)壓管水頭 B.位置水頭 C.流出水頭 D.水頭損失9排水立管與排出管端部的連接，宜采用兩個(gè)45彎頭或彎曲半徑不小于（D）管徑的90彎頭。 A.一倍B.兩倍C.三倍D. 四倍10水箱上哪種管不得裝閥門？（A） A. 溢水管 B. 進(jìn)水管 C. 出水管 D. 泄水管11自動(dòng)排放凝結(jié)水并阻止蒸汽泄漏的閥門是( C ) A 閘閥 B 截止閥 C 疏水閥 D 止回閥 12高度1.9m，寬度0.8m的地溝屬于 ( B ) A 無地溝 B 通行地溝 C 非通行地溝 D 半通行地溝13引入管穿承重墻或基

7、礎(chǔ)，應(yīng)預(yù)留孔洞，要求上方凈空建筑物沉降量，并（ A ）m。A 0.1 B 0.15 C 1 D 1.5 14. 室外給水管道與室內(nèi)排水管道平行，給水管道與排水管道凈距（ D ）m。A 0.1 B 0.15 C 0.5 D 115當(dāng)室外給水管網(wǎng)的壓力和流量能滿足室內(nèi)最不利點(diǎn)消火栓的設(shè)計(jì)水壓和水量時(shí)，宜采用（ A ）A直接連接的消火栓滅火系統(tǒng) B 設(shè)加壓水泵和加壓水箱的消火栓滅火系統(tǒng) C 不分區(qū)的消火栓滅火系統(tǒng) D分區(qū)的消火栓滅火系統(tǒng)16由于室內(nèi)空氣溫度高，空氣密度小；室外溫度低，密度大。在熱壓作用下就形成了（ A ）的自然通風(fēng)狀態(tài)。A 上排風(fēng)，下進(jìn)風(fēng) B 下排風(fēng)，上進(jìn)風(fēng) C 上排風(fēng)，上進(jìn)風(fēng) D上

8、、下排風(fēng)，中間進(jìn)風(fēng)17排水立管與排出管端部的連接，宜采用兩個(gè)45彎頭或彎曲半徑不小于（ D）管徑的90彎頭。 A.一倍 B.兩倍 C.三倍 D. 四倍18自然循環(huán)熱水供暖系統(tǒng)中，供水干管必須有向膨脹水箱方向（ A ）的坡向。A.上升 B.下降 C.平衡 D.轉(zhuǎn)折19在燃?xì)廨斉湎到y(tǒng)中，調(diào)壓器是一個(gè)（ B ）。 A 升壓設(shè)備 B 降壓設(shè)備 C 恒壓設(shè)備 D穩(wěn)壓設(shè)備20自然循環(huán)熱水供暖系統(tǒng)中，供水干管必須有向膨脹水箱方向（A）的坡向。A.上升B.下降 C.平衡 D.轉(zhuǎn)折21膨脹水箱的配管不應(yīng)裝設(shè)閥門的是（D）。 A.溢水管 B.膨脹管 C. 循環(huán)管 D.信號(hào)管 22（C）是阻止蒸汽通過，只允許凝水和

9、不凝氣體及時(shí)排往凝水管路的一種專門的裝置。A.膨脹水箱 B.減壓閥 C.疏水器 D.集氣罐23.由于室內(nèi)空氣溫度高，空氣密度??；室外溫度低，密度大。在熱壓作用下就形成了（A）的自然通風(fēng)狀態(tài)。A 上排風(fēng)，下進(jìn)風(fēng) B 下排風(fēng)，上進(jìn)風(fēng) C 上排風(fēng)，上進(jìn)風(fēng) D上、下排風(fēng)，中間進(jìn)風(fēng)24.手術(shù)室凈化空調(diào)應(yīng)保持（C） A.常壓 B.負(fù)壓 C.正壓 D.無壓25.空調(diào)風(fēng)管穿過空調(diào)機(jī)房圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)處，其孔洞四周的縫隙應(yīng)填充密實(shí)。原因是：（C） A.防止漏風(fēng) B.避免溫降 C.隔絕噪聲 D.減少震動(dòng)26.一次回風(fēng)是指回風(fēng)與新風(fēng)在空氣冷卻設(shè)備之前進(jìn)行混合，然后再經(jīng)過各個(gè)處理設(shè)備，處理后的空氣用風(fēng)道送至空調(diào)房間，因此屬（

10、A）系統(tǒng)。 A.單管系統(tǒng)B.雙管系統(tǒng)C.水平系統(tǒng)D.垂直系統(tǒng) 27.對(duì)于含濕量一定的濕空氣，焓值僅與（C）有關(guān)。 A.含濕量 B. 密度 C. 溫度 D. 壓強(qiáng) 28當(dāng)溫度降低，空氣中能含有的水蒸氣量下降，空氣接近飽和。再降溫，水蒸氣會(huì)凝結(jié)出來，使空氣達(dá)到飽和狀態(tài)的溫度稱為（D）。A.干球溫度 B.濕球溫度 C.飽和溫度 D. 露點(diǎn)溫度29通風(fēng)與空調(diào)中常用空氣加熱器來加熱空氣，空氣狀態(tài)變化屬于（D）。A.等焓加濕 B.等焓減濕 C.干式冷卻 D.干式加熱30.安全生產(chǎn)中使用照明燈不得超過36V，在金屬容器內(nèi)或潮濕環(huán)境使用電壓不超過（C） A 36V B 24V C 12V D 6V31.（B）

11、電力系統(tǒng)有一點(diǎn)直接接地，裝置的“外露可導(dǎo)電部分”用保護(hù)線與該點(diǎn)連接。 A.TT B.TN C.IT D.TC32.電力負(fù)荷按其使用性質(zhì)和重要程度分為（C）級(jí)。 A.一 B.二 C. 三 D.四33.建筑工程中所有安裝的用電設(shè)備的額定功率的總和稱為（A）。 A.設(shè)備容量 B.計(jì)算容量 C.裝表容量 D.實(shí)際容量34下列屬于熱輻射光源的是（D） A.熒光燈 B.金屬鹵化物燈 C.鈉燈 D.鹵鎢燈35我國(guó)交流電的頻率為（B）。 A.220V B.50Hz C.0.02s D.314/s三、多項(xiàng)選擇題（每小題4分，共20分。錯(cuò)選、少選、多選均不得分）1. 鋼管的連接方法有（ ABD ）。 A.絲扣連接

12、 B.承插連接 C.焊接 D.法蘭盤連接2. 空調(diào)系統(tǒng)使用的消聲器（ ABC ）。A. 阻性消聲器 B. 抗性消聲器 C. 共振式消聲器 D.電子式消聲器3. 水幕系統(tǒng)可應(yīng)用于（ ABC ）。A阻火 B 隔火 C 冷卻防火隔絕物 D 撲滅大面積火災(zāi)4. 噴水室可對(duì)空氣進(jìn)行（ ABCD ）。A 加濕 B 除濕 C 加溫 D 降溫 E 控制速度5. 給水管道的布置應(yīng)該（ ABC ）。A 不得穿越櫥窗、壁柜、木裝修面； B 不宜穿越伸縮縫，必須通過要采取相應(yīng)的技術(shù)措施；C 橫管宜有0.0020.005坡度坡向泄水裝置； D 布置在蒸汽管、排水管、冷凍管的上面。四、判斷并說明理由題（每小題5分，共30

13、分）1. 民用建筑的生活給水必須各自獨(dú)立設(shè)置。錯(cuò)。室內(nèi)給水根據(jù)用途的不同可分為生活給水系統(tǒng)、生產(chǎn)給水系統(tǒng)、消防給水系統(tǒng)，在一幢建筑內(nèi)，并不一定需要單獨(dú)設(shè)置三種給水系統(tǒng)，當(dāng)兩種及兩種以上用水的水質(zhì)相近時(shí)，可采用共用的給水系統(tǒng)。2建筑排水系統(tǒng)的通氣管系統(tǒng)主要是用來排氣的。錯(cuò)。設(shè)置通氣管系統(tǒng)有三個(gè)作用：（1）向排水管系補(bǔ)給空氣，使水流暢通，更重要的是減少排水管道內(nèi)氣壓變化幅度，防止衛(wèi)生器具水封破壞；（2）使室內(nèi)外排水管道中散發(fā)的臭氣和有害氣體能排到大氣中去；（3）管道內(nèi)經(jīng)常有新鮮空氣流通，可減輕管道內(nèi)廢氣銹蝕管道的危害。3要使全面通風(fēng)效果好，只需要足夠的通風(fēng)量。錯(cuò)。要使全面通風(fēng)效果好，不僅需要足夠的

14、通風(fēng)量，而且要合理的氣流組織。4金屬鹵化物燈屬于熱輻射光源的一種。錯(cuò)。照明光源分為熱輻射光源、氣體放電光源兩類。其中熱輻射光源主要有白熾燈、鹵鎢燈；氣體放電光源主要有日光燈、鈉燈、金屬鹵化物燈等。金屬鹵化物燈屬于氣體放電光源的一種。5飲用水可以與非飲用水直接連接。錯(cuò)。為防止水質(zhì)污染，飲用水不得與非飲用水連接，應(yīng)該用隔斷水池，隔斷水箱隔斷；如無法隔斷，應(yīng)采用雙止回閥，且p飲用水p非飲用水。6在民用建筑供配電系統(tǒng)中，擔(dān)負(fù)著輸送和分配電能任務(wù)的電氣設(shè)備稱為一次設(shè)備。對(duì)在民用建筑供配電系統(tǒng)中，擔(dān)負(fù)著輸送和分配電能任務(wù)的電氣設(shè)備稱為一次設(shè)備；凡用來控制、指示、監(jiān)測(cè)和保護(hù)一次設(shè)備運(yùn)行中的電路中的設(shè)備稱為二

15、次設(shè)備。五、簡(jiǎn)答題1為什么排水系統(tǒng)要設(shè)置通氣管？答：因?yàn)樵O(shè)置通氣管系統(tǒng)有三個(gè)作用：（1）向排水管系補(bǔ)給空氣，使水流暢通，更重要的是減少排水管道內(nèi)氣壓變化幅度，防止衛(wèi)生器具水封破壞；（2）使室內(nèi)外排水管道中散發(fā)的臭氣和有害氣體能排到大氣中去；（3）管道內(nèi)經(jīng)常有新鮮空氣流通，可減輕管道內(nèi)廢氣銹蝕管道的危害。2什么是建筑給水系統(tǒng)所需壓力，如何計(jì)算？建筑給水系統(tǒng)所需的壓力，必須能將需要的流量輸送到建筑物內(nèi)最不利點(diǎn)的配水龍頭或用水設(shè)備處，并保證有足夠的流出水頭?？砂聪率接?jì)算：H=H1+H2+H3+H4 H1是建筑給水引入管處至最高、最遠(yuǎn)配水點(diǎn)的幾何高度；H2是管內(nèi)沿程水頭損失與局部水頭損失之和；H3是水

16、流經(jīng)水表時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的水頭損失； H4是最高、最遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)所需之流出水頭。3蒸汽供暖與熱水供暖相比具有哪些特點(diǎn)？蒸汽的汽化潛熱大，同樣的散熱量，需要的流量遠(yuǎn)小于熱水供暖系統(tǒng)；蒸汽在散熱器中凝結(jié)放熱時(shí)溫度高，節(jié)約散熱器面積；蒸汽的比容大，密度小，在高層建筑中不會(huì)象熱水供暖系統(tǒng)那樣產(chǎn)生很大的靜水壓力；蒸汽的熱惰性小，供汽時(shí)熱得快、停汽后冷得快，適用于要求間歇供暖的用戶，同時(shí)在間歇供暖運(yùn)行中無凍壞系統(tǒng)的危險(xiǎn)；蒸汽供暖系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和管理比較復(fù)雜。4什么是疏水器，在蒸汽供暖系統(tǒng)中，疏水器的作用是什么？疏水器是阻止蒸汽通過，只允許凝水和不凝氣體及時(shí)排往凝水管路的一種專門的裝置。在蒸汽供暖系統(tǒng)中，疏水器的作用是自動(dòng)阻止

17、蒸汽逸漏并迅速地排出用熱設(shè)備及管道中的凝水，同時(shí)能排除系統(tǒng)中積留的空氣和其他不凝氣體。5簡(jiǎn)述熱水采暖系統(tǒng)中的膨脹水箱的作用是什么？答：膨脹水箱在自然循環(huán)系統(tǒng)中的作用是容納水受熱后而增加的體積并排除系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的空氣；在機(jī)械循環(huán)系統(tǒng)中膨脹水箱連接在水泵的吸入端，使整個(gè)系統(tǒng)處于正壓下工作，保證了系統(tǒng)的水不致汽化，從而避免了因水汽化而中斷水循環(huán)的可能。6.簡(jiǎn)述通風(fēng)與空調(diào)的區(qū)別。答：通風(fēng)，就是利用換氣的方法，向某一房間或空間提供新鮮空氣，把室內(nèi)被污染的空氣直接或經(jīng)過處理排至室外，以維持環(huán)境滿足人們生活或生產(chǎn)過程的要求。通風(fēng)包括自然通風(fēng)和機(jī)械通風(fēng)?？諝庹{(diào)節(jié)是指按室內(nèi)人或生產(chǎn)過程、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的要求，對(duì)空氣的溫度、

18、濕度、潔凈度、空氣速度、噪聲、氣味等進(jìn)行控制并提供足夠的新鮮空氣而進(jìn)行的通風(fēng)?？諝庹{(diào)節(jié)過程采用人工的方法，創(chuàng)造和保持一定要求的空氣環(huán)境。7.空調(diào)系統(tǒng)按設(shè)備裝置設(shè)置的位置分為哪些類型?并簡(jiǎn)要說明各類型空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的組成?？照{(diào)系統(tǒng)按設(shè)備裝置設(shè)置的位置不同分為：集中空調(diào)系統(tǒng)、半集中空調(diào)系統(tǒng)、全分散系統(tǒng)(局部機(jī)組)。集中空調(diào)系統(tǒng)主要由空氣處理設(shè)備、空氣輸送管道、空氣分布器及制冷設(shè)備等組成；半集中空調(diào)系統(tǒng)除集中空調(diào)機(jī)外，還有設(shè)置在空調(diào)房間的二次設(shè)備(末端裝置)，如風(fēng)機(jī)盤管，誘導(dǎo)器等；全分散系統(tǒng)是將冷、熱源和空氣處理、輸送設(shè)備集中在機(jī)箱的機(jī)組(局部空調(diào)機(jī))直接安裝在空調(diào)房間內(nèi)。8建筑室內(nèi)通風(fēng)的分類有哪些？什么

19、是自然通風(fēng)？對(duì)于像煅造車間、食堂等熱污染較重的場(chǎng)所，通常采用那種通風(fēng)方式，原因是什么？答：建筑室內(nèi)通風(fēng)包括送風(fēng)和排風(fēng)，按作用范圍不同，分為局部的和全面的兩種方式；按通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)的工作動(dòng)力不同，分為自然通風(fēng)和機(jī)械通風(fēng)兩種。自然通風(fēng)利用室內(nèi)外空氣的溫度差引起的熱壓或風(fēng)力作用造成的風(fēng)壓使空氣流動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)通風(fēng)換氣的一種通風(fēng)方法。對(duì)于像煅造車間、食堂等熱污染較重的場(chǎng)所，通常采用機(jī)械排風(fēng)通風(fēng)方式，原因是采用機(jī)械排風(fēng)，排風(fēng)量大于進(jìn)風(fēng)量，使房間維持一定的負(fù)壓，不足的空氣量由鄰室或室外滲風(fēng)補(bǔ)充，避免衛(wèi)生條件差的空氣流入衛(wèi)生條件高的房間。9.低壓供電線路典型的主接線方式有哪幾種?(1)單電源照明供電；(2)單電源照明及

20、動(dòng)力供電：(3)雙電源照明供電；(4)雙電源照明及動(dòng)力供電；(5)多單位的單電源供電.10.什么是接地?為什么接地?常用的接地有哪幾種?接地簡(jiǎn)單地說就是各種電氣設(shè)備與大地連接。接地的目的是為了使電氣設(shè)備正常和安全運(yùn)行，以保障建筑物和人身安全。常用的接地種類有：系統(tǒng)接地、設(shè)備保護(hù)接地、防雷接地、屏蔽接地、防靜電接地、邏輯接地及功率接地等。11.畫出照明配電干線常用接線方式的草圖，并說明各種接線方式的特點(diǎn)。 樹干式 放射式 混合式12什么是電力負(fù)荷？電力負(fù)荷如何根據(jù)用電性質(zhì)進(jìn)行分級(jí)？不同等級(jí)的負(fù)荷對(duì)供電要求有何不同？用電設(shè)備所消耗的功率稱為電力負(fù)荷。電力負(fù)荷按其使用性質(zhì)和重要程度分為三級(jí)，一級(jí)負(fù)荷

21、，二級(jí)負(fù)荷和三級(jí)負(fù)荷。一級(jí)負(fù)荷應(yīng)由兩個(gè)獨(dú)立電源供電。二級(jí)負(fù)荷宜采用兩個(gè)電源供電。三級(jí)負(fù)荷對(duì)供電無特殊要求。13.室內(nèi)給水工程的任務(wù)是什么？室內(nèi)給水工程的任務(wù)，就是經(jīng)濟(jì)合理地將水由室外給水管網(wǎng)輸送到裝設(shè)在室內(nèi)的各種配水龍頭、生產(chǎn)用水設(shè)備或消防設(shè)備處，（3分）滿足用戶對(duì)水質(zhì)、水量、水壓的要求，保證用水安全可靠。（3分）14給水管道的敷設(shè)有哪些？它們的特點(diǎn)和適用范圍是什么？給水管道的敷設(shè)有明裝和暗裝兩種。所謂明裝，指暴露安裝；特點(diǎn)是造價(jià)低，施工方便，衛(wèi)生條件差，外觀不好；適合于一般工業(yè)與民用建筑。（3分）所謂暗裝，指隱蔽安裝；特點(diǎn)是造價(jià)高，施工困難，衛(wèi)生條件好，外觀好；適合于有外觀要求的民用建筑與有

22、衛(wèi)生要求的工業(yè)建筑。（3分）15一般排水系統(tǒng)由哪幾部分組成？建筑排水系統(tǒng)的由以下幾部分組成：衛(wèi)生器具或生產(chǎn)設(shè)備受水器、排水管系統(tǒng)、通氣管系統(tǒng)、清通設(shè)備、抽升設(shè)備、污水局部處理構(gòu)筑物。16什么是疏水器，在蒸汽供暖系統(tǒng)中，疏水器的作用是什么？疏水器是阻止蒸汽通過，只允許凝水和不凝氣體及時(shí)排往凝水管路的一種專門的裝置。（3分）在蒸汽供暖系統(tǒng)中，疏水器的作用是自動(dòng)阻止蒸汽逸漏并迅速地排出用熱設(shè)備及管道中的凝水，同時(shí)能排除系統(tǒng)中積留的空氣和其他不凝氣體。（3分）請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O謝謝！2015年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄Many people have

23、 the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the seven-day Chinese請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(_)O謝謝！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatig

24、ued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and

25、busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also common that youllwait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a t

26、iny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the week-long holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the upcoming Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some

27、of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. A

28、rxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan Hailar Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the Sino-Mongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a h

29、istoric site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round - the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in

30、yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in th

31、e northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the countrys largest virgin forest, and

32、known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightly-colored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the Sou

33、th. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here o

34、nly to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as its time fo

35、r the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itrains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, o

36、r the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Stor

37、y As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sister-in-law. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth

38、 in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example fo

39、r hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulan

40、gs misery, the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died. The magic shoes whisked Niulang, who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole, off on a chase after the empress. The pursuit enraged the empress, who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky

41、 creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife. But all was not lost as magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family. Even the Jade Emperor was touched, and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the s

42、eventh month. This is how Qixi came to be. The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on

43、 opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters Festival. In this day, girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test

44、of embroidery skills. If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking, it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders. Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future. And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly. Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang

45、 and Zhinu, and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations. Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out. Many modern Chinese, particularly youngsters, seem to know more about St Valentines Day on February 14, characterized by bouquets of roses, chocolates and romantic

46、candlelight dinners, than they do about their home-grown day for lovers. Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentines Day. More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries. Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens

47、 on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way, that is, if people even know on which day Qixi falls. There are ready reminders dotted about, in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentines Day! in shops, hotels and restaurants. But few young women wi

48、ll mark the festival with their boyfriends, or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness. A large-scale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday. The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province, Gansu province and 1

49、4 other regions. It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years. AsAPECis going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultur

50、al interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was i

51、n my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was jus

52、t in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we som

53、etimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put

54、 the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that its beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the

55、true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there. Then later on, there were some little surprises once in a while. Once, there was something wrong with my drawer and I had com

56、plained about it unconsciously. And he fixed it for me. Then the other day, he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying” I love you more than I can say! Diamond stands for marriage, rose stand for love. I hope you are mine, become my wife. You are the only gir

57、l who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by.” Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant. He meant so clear and so direct. And actually, I accepted him some days earlier. I was just waiting for him to break the ice. So finally, the common interests and the commo

58、n understanding brought us together. Some people say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched. You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and whats worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner, which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage.