人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修第一冊(cè)Unit4《Natural disasters SectiomⅡ》精品課件

1、UNIT 4NATURAL DISASTERSSection Discovering Useful Structures單元語(yǔ)法精析夯基提能作業(yè)單元語(yǔ)法精析語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥一、定語(yǔ)從句的概述在復(fù)合句中對(duì)名詞、代詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)、句子進(jìn)行修飾、限定的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的成分叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有兩種：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格為whom，所有格為whose)等，關(guān)系副詞包括where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有三個(gè)作用：引導(dǎo)從句；指代先行詞；在定語(yǔ)從句中作成分。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句The people whom y

2、ou met on the campus yesterday are from England.你昨天在大學(xué)校園里見到的那些人來自英國(guó)。He is reading a book which is written by Lu Xun.他正在讀一本魯迅寫的書。二、關(guān)系代詞的用法1關(guān)系代詞有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它們的具體使用情況如下表所示：關(guān)系詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謧渥㈥P(guān)系代詞who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)whom, which和that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？梢允÷?，但介詞提前時(shí)后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that和whowhom人賓語(yǔ)which物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)t

3、hat人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whose人或物定語(yǔ)whosen.then.of which/whomof which/whomthen.(先行詞指人時(shí)用whom，指物時(shí)用which)2在定語(yǔ)從句中，使用關(guān)系代詞時(shí)我們應(yīng)該考慮兩點(diǎn)：一是先行詞是“人”還是“物”；二是關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分。He is a man who/that means what he says.他是一個(gè)說話算話的人。(先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ))Is there anyone in your class whose father is a teacher?你們班有誰的父親是老

4、師？(先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ))To be frank, I dont like the movie (which/that) you recommended to me yesterday.坦率地講，我不喜歡你昨天推薦給我的那部影片。(先行詞指物，關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)確定從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。He is the only one of the students who knows French in our class.他是我們班里唯一懂法語(yǔ)的學(xué)生。(the o

5、nly one為先行詞)He is one of the students who know French in our class.他是我們班里懂法語(yǔ)的學(xué)生之一。(students為先行詞)whose還是which關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，無論指人還是指物，都要用whose，而不能用which。Thats the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.那是一臺(tái)零件小到看不見的新機(jī)器。Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is worldfamous?你看過泰坦尼克

6、號(hào)這部電影嗎？它的男主角是世界著名的。關(guān)系詞，引定從，它們的用法各不同。that可作主賓表，指人指物它都行。which專來指物用，主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)它也能。who和whom來指人，whom僅作賓語(yǔ)用。whose一詞作定語(yǔ)，指人指物都管用。用定語(yǔ)從句合并句子I live next door to a couple.Their children often make a lot of noise._The man is from Peking University.I talked about the man at the meeting._I live next door to a couple who

7、se children often make a lot of noise.The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Peking University.The boy is sitting on the chair.The boy is my brother._The city is near the sea.The city is very beautiful._The boy who/that is sitting on the chair is my brother.The city which/that

8、 is near the sea is very beautiful.三、關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法辨析1關(guān)系代詞用that而不用which的情況(1)當(dāng)先行詞是all, much, anything, nothing, everything，little, none等不定代詞時(shí)或先行詞被all，much，any，no，every，some，little等不定代詞修飾時(shí)She told me everything that she knew.她把她所知道的一切都告訴了我。(2)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)I can remember well the persons and some pict

9、ures that I saw in the room.我能清楚地記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。(3)先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。(4)先行詞為形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)This is the best film that I have ever seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。(5)先行詞為the last, the only, the very, the same等或被這些詞修飾時(shí)Mr. Smith

10、is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他唯一認(rèn)識(shí)的外國(guó)人。This is the very room that I slept in that evening.這正是我那天晚上睡覺的房間。the same.as與the same.that的區(qū)別一般情況下，the same.as指的是與先行詞同類的事物/人，而the same.that與先行詞指的是同一個(gè)事物/人。This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.這和我昨天買的那支鋼筆一樣。(同一類，表相似)This is the same pen that I

11、borrowed from Mr Li.這就是我從李老師那里借的鋼筆。(同一物，表同一)(6)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)Which is the true story that he told us?他給我們講的哪一個(gè)故事是真實(shí)的？2關(guān)系代詞用which而不用that的情況(1)先行詞為that時(shí)Whats that which is under the desk?桌子底下的那個(gè)東西是什么？Its a football.那是一個(gè)足球。(2)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)This is the room in which he lives.這是他住的房間。(3)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)Tom

12、 came back, which made us happy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別It was the student that/who asked the silly question.就是這個(gè)學(xué)生問了這么一個(gè)愚蠢的問題。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)He was the student who asked the silly question.他就是那個(gè)問了愚蠢問題的學(xué)生。(定語(yǔ)從句)選詞填空(that/which)Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.Have you any bo

13、oks _ are worth reading?This is the best film _ I have ever seen.Im going to talk about the countries and people _ I have visited.Bamboo is hollow, _ makes it very light.thatthatthatthatwhich專項(xiàng)練習(xí)單句語(yǔ)法填空1The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other.2She has a gift f

14、or creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.3The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.4Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.that/whichwhich/thatwh

15、osewho/whom/that5Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on.6I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.7Jack is the most intelligent man _ Ive ever met.8As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather

16、.9Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ (wear) evening dress.10I have the same magazine _ you bought just now.that/whichthatthat/who/whomwhichwearsas完成句子1This is the magazine _.這就是我最喜歡的那本雜志。2The girl _ is one of my classmates.正在唱歌的女孩是我的一個(gè)同學(xué)。3Were talking about the pian

17、o and the pianist _ _.我們正在討論昨晚見到的鋼琴和鋼琴家。(that/which) I like bestwho/that is singing(that) we saw last night 4Everything _ has been done.應(yīng)當(dāng)做的事情已經(jīng)做了。5This afternoon well go to see the photo show _ _.今天下午我們要去看你們參觀過的照片展。6Ill tell you _.我要告訴你他上周告訴我的一切。7That tree _ looks very beautiful.那棵開著淡紅色的花的樹看起來很漂亮。t

18、hat should be done(that/which) you have visited all (that) he told me last weekwhose flowers are light red8The girl _ is Toms sister.他們正在談?wù)摰呐⑹菧返拿妹谩?Can you lend me the book _?你能借給我你昨天買的那本書嗎？10Is this the factory _ the other day?這是你那天參觀過的那家工廠嗎？(who/whom/that) they are talking about(that/which) you bought yesterdaythat/which you visited使用定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)要介紹你的家人和你。1我父親在本市非常著名的一家醫(yī)院工作。(which/that)2我的母親就在我上學(xué)的那所學(xué)校教數(shù)學(xué)。(that)3她喜歡看著名演員主演的電視劇。(whose)4我是一個(gè)熱愛籃球的男孩。(who)5我有幾個(gè)經(jīng)常一起打籃球的好朋友。(who