Book5_U3_重點詞匯講解 (2)

1、PAGE Book 5_U3_資源庫_詞匯PAGE PAGE 10牛津高中資源庫之詞匯設(shè)計單元：Unit 3 Science Versus Nature板塊：詞匯1. Science is developing so fast that it is beyond our imagination. 科學(xué)發(fā)展迅速，超乎人的想象。beyond1) 超出的范圍，不可能He survived the accident, but his car was damaged beyond repair. 他從事故中幸存了下來，但他的車壞得不能修了。His thoughtlessness is just beyo

2、nd belief. 他自私得令人難以置信。Im afraid physics is totally beyond me (meaning that something is too difficult). 恐怕我根本學(xué)不好物理。2）在（時間、地點）之外In the distance, beyond the river, was a small town. 在遠處，河對岸，有一個小城。The ban has been extended beyond 2006. 這條禁令已經(jīng)延長到了2006年后。3）其它相關(guān)詞組beyond ones understanding 超出某人的理解能力，不能理解be

3、yond ones reach=out of ones reach 夠不著 2. On the one hand, some scientists point out that . On the other hand, a real-life Frankensteins monster. 一方面，一些科學(xué)家指出，如果你克隆了胚胎，你就可以制造出有價值的組織和器官，挽救人類生命。另一方面，包括一些科學(xué)家在內(nèi)的許多人擔心，如果人類以這樣的方式干涉自然，也許在不久的將來會制造出正式版的佛蘭肯斯坦的魔鬼。1）on the one handon the other hand 一方面 另一方面，一方面而，

4、常用來引出兩種不同的觀點，重點常在后一種觀點。On the one hand Id like a job which pays more, but on the other hand I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment. 一方面我希望得到報酬高的工作，但另一方面我又很喜歡手頭這件工作。Id like to eat out, but on the other hand I should be trying to save money. 我想出去吃，可（另一方面）我又該努力省錢。2）point out 指出，后接名詞或賓語從句He was always

5、very keen to point out my mistakes.他總是迫不及待要指出我的錯誤。Some economists have pointed out that low inflation is not necessarily a good thing. 一些經(jīng)濟學(xué)家指出低通漲不一定就是好事。I feel I should point out how dangerous it is. 我覺得我應(yīng)該指出（情況）是多么危險。3）fear 害怕，擔心 Police fear that there may be further terrorist attacks. 警方擔心還會有新的恐怖

6、襲擊。I fear that theres little more we can do. 恐怕我們無能為力了。I fear so / not. 恐怕如此（并非如此）4）on their way to producing a real-life Frankensteins monster （他們也許）接近造出真實版的佛蘭肯斯坦怪物了on ones/the way to something 快要，將 (close to doing something)Im well on the way to completing the report. 我就快把報告寫好了。More changes are on

7、 the way. 更多的變化就要發(fā)生了。 3. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific breakthrough. 但是總的來說科學(xué)家們還是因為他們的科學(xué)突破而受到贊揚。1）in general 一般，總的來說（usually，in most situations）；總體上（considering things as a whole），例如：In general men are taller than women. 一般來說男人比女人高。I dont particularly

8、 hate anything. I just have a feeling of dissatisfaction with life in general. 我并不特別恨什么。我只是對生活總體上有（點）不滿的感覺。2）praise 表揚，贊揚，常和介詞for連用The mayor praised the rescue team for their courage. 市長贊揚了救援隊的勇氣。He was highly praised for his research on cloning. 他因為在克隆方面的研究受到高度贊揚。4. Although he researches cloning,

9、his intention has never been to create copies of humans. 盡管他研究克隆，但從沒打算克隆人。Some people consider that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life. 有些人認為，為了最終摧毀的目的而克隆人體胚胎是對生命的不尊重。1) 上兩句都用到名詞intention，Intention（intend的名詞形式）后面常用動詞不定式做表語或定語。類似用法的詞還有：aim, amb

10、ition, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion等。例如：His aim is to create new tissues and organs. 他的目的是造出新的（人體）組織和器官。Your mistake was not to write that letter. 你的錯是沒有寫那封信。2) with the intention of 帶著（懷著）的意圖，為了，例如：He decided to find a host family with the intention of improving h

11、is English. 他決定找一家寄養(yǎng)家庭住，以提高自己的英語。注意：不可以說with the intention to do something，同樣，也不可以說have the intention to do something.3) show respect for 尊重，也可以說：have respect for，例如：She complained that young people today show / have no respect for law. 她抱怨說現(xiàn)在的年輕人對不尊重法律。The boy showed a complete lack of respect for

12、authority. 這位男孩對權(quán)威缺乏最起碼的尊重。5. He thinks research efforts should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that could eventually be used to cure diseases like cancer. 他認為研究應(yīng)該專注于制造新的組織和器官，最終用以治療像癌癥那樣的疾病。concentrate集中（精神、注意、努力等），常與介詞on連用I cant concentrate on my work with all that noise. 這么吵，我根本不能專

13、注于工作。The company is concentrating (its resources) on developing new products. 這家公司正集中其資源于開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品。6. I am desperate to have a child of my own. 我渴望有自己的孩子。1) desperate 不顧后果的，亡命的，孤注一擲的；嚴重的；渴望的。本句中是“渴望的”意思，后接介詞for或動詞不定式。例如：He is desperate for a job. (=He is desperate to get a job.) 他渴望獲得一份工作。其它意思舉例如下：The s

14、ituation is desperatewe have no food, little water and no medical supplies. 情況是絕望的：我們沒有食物，只剩一點點水，也沒有藥品。（絕望）They are making a desperate effort to save the child. 他們在為挽救那個小孩盡最后的努力。（孤注一擲）2）of ones own（某人）自己的ones owna place of my own=my own place 自己的地方（家）注意比較：(all) on ones own 單獨地，獨力地The old man lives o

15、n his own. 那老人獨自住。7. I dont want to adopt someone elses child. 我不愿意領(lǐng)養(yǎng)別人的孩子。1）adopt 除了“領(lǐng)養(yǎng)”外，還有“采用”的意思。如：I adopted their method of making the machine. 我采用了他們制造機器的方法。The new approach of teaching has been adopted in many schools. 這種新的教學(xué)方法已經(jīng)被許多學(xué)校采用。2）someone elses 注意“-s ”要加在else上！This is not mine. It mus

16、t be someone elses.Who elses can it be?8. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind. 中國已經(jīng)成功地克隆了牛和羊，并在繼續(xù)研究能使克隆造福人類的方法。1) succeed 成功，常與“in”連用，名詞形式是success，形容詞successful。China has succeeded in launching a new positioni

17、ng satellite. 中國成功發(fā)射了一顆新的定位衛(wèi)星。Success results from hard work.成功來自勤奮。The film was a great success. 這部電影大獲成功。2) benefit（使）受益a) vt, 有益于，造福于This invention will surely benefit the world. 這個發(fā)明必將造福全世界。They are working together to benefit the whole community. 他們在共同努力造福全社區(qū)。b) vi, 獲益，得益，常跟from/byMany thousand

18、s have benefited from the new treatment. 成千上萬的人得益于這種新的治療（手段）。比較：The new treatment has benefited many thousands.Many manufacturers will benefit by cutting their taxes. 許多制造商將從減稅中獲益。c) 也可以作名詞，利益，好處。The low-income households will get benefit from the new policy. 低收入家庭將從新政策中獲益。常見搭配有：do benefit to 對有益be

19、of benefit to somebody 對有益或有幫助for the benefit of 為了的利益9. If we interfere with nature, we will have to deal with the consequences. 如果我們干擾自然，我們將不得不承擔后果。1) interferea）interfere with（短語動詞）干擾，影響（指不利影響）Even a low level of noise will interfere with my concentration.哪怕很小的噪音也會干擾我的注意。b）interfere (in) 干涉，干預(yù) Th

20、is is their problem and Im not going to interfere. 這是他們的問題，我不想干預(yù)。Interfering in other peoples relationships is always a mistake. 干涉別人的關(guān)系總是錯誤的。2) consequence （常指不利的）影響，后果Many believe that poverty is a direct consequence of overpopulation. 許多人認為貧窮是人口過多的直接后果。If you insist on eating so much sweet food,

21、youll have to suffer the consequences. 如果你堅持吃這么多甜食，你就得承擔后果。Many species have died out as a consequence of mans activities. 由于人類的活動，許多物種已經(jīng)滅絕了。常見搭配如：take / suffer / face / deal with the consequences 承擔后果as a consequence of（正式）as a result of10. The human race is using up Earths resources. 人類正在耗盡地球的資源。1

22、）use up 用完，耗盡，例如：Dont use up all the milk. We need some for breakfast. 不要把牛奶都用完，我們還需要一些當早飯。介詞up表示“完”、“盡”、“結(jié)束”“完成”之義，類似的還有：eat up 吃完drink up 喝完；干杯end up 結(jié)束，以告終2）“結(jié)束性”動詞的進行時并不是表示“正在進行”，而是表示“就要”“快要”的意思。一些表示“位置移動（go, come, leave）”的動詞也有類似用法：The old goat is dying. 那頭老山羊快要斷氣了。Im finishing off soon. 我快完工了。另

23、外，表示“變化（become, get, grow）”的動詞的進行時則常常表示“逐漸”之意：Its getting dark. 天漸漸黑了。11. I am in complete agreement with human cloning. 我完全同意克隆人。agreement 同意，贊同；一致；協(xié)議；in agreement with 同意，贊同come to / reach an agreement 達成協(xié)議12. After all, scientists have been challenging questions of morality for centuries. 畢竟，科學(xué)家很

24、多世紀以來就一直在挑戰(zhàn)（質(zhì)疑）道德問題。1) after alla）畢竟（重要的句間連接詞，用來陳述理由，解釋上文）I like her. She is my sister after all. 我喜歡她，她是我妹妹啊。He should have paid. After all, he suggested it. 他該付賬，畢竟是他提議的。b）終究, 畢竟（表示盡管有困難或問題，還是）So you made it after all. 你畢竟還是成功了。The rain has stopped, so the game will go ahead after all. 雨已經(jīng)停了，所以比賽終

25、究還是要進行的。2) challenge n.& vt. 挑戰(zhàn)；鞭策，考驗；盤問；質(zhì)疑，質(zhì)問本句中是“質(zhì)問，質(zhì)疑”的意思 (question whether something is true or legal)，在漢語中有時也說“挑戰(zhàn)”。This discovery challenges traditional beliefs. 這個發(fā)現(xiàn)對傳統(tǒng)的信仰提出了挑戰(zhàn)（質(zhì)疑）。Children today challenge parents authority far more than those in the past. 今天的孩子比過去更多地質(zhì)疑父母的權(quán)威。又如：Mike challenged

26、 me to a game of chess.（invite somebody into a competition）麥克激我跟他賽盤棋。The job doesnt challenge me much. 這件工作對我并沒有什么挑戰(zhàn)。(=The job isnt much (of) a challenge to me.)13. On a personal note, cloning would totally change my life. 從我個人感情上說，克隆將會徹底改變我的生活。on a note 從角度來說，以口氣說 (speaking in a way)On a personal n

27、ote, Im truly grateful to the writers of those publications. 從我個人的角度來說，我真誠地感謝那些刊物的作者們。She ended her speech on a personal note. 她以私人的口氣結(jié)束了講話。 14. The first mammal to be cloned successful from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. 第一只從成體細胞中克隆成功的哺乳動物是多莉羊。to be cloned successfully from an adult cell 動詞不定式的

28、被動結(jié)構(gòu)作定語，修飾名詞詞組the first mammal，此處也可用不定式的完成被動式，或直接用過去分詞，一下例句引自維基百科等網(wǎng)站的科學(xué)論文。Dolly was the first mammal to have been cloned from an adult cell. 多莉羊是用成體細胞克隆的第一頭哺乳動物。She was the first mammal to be cloned successful from an adult cell.（譯文同上。）Dolly was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell. （譯文同上。）注意：

29、此處之所以三者可以互換，是由于被修飾的名詞（mammal）前帶有序數(shù)詞the first的緣故。再如：The first textbook to be published / to have been published / published for teaching English in China appeared in the late 19th century. 為在中國教授英語而出版的的一本教科書出現(xiàn)在19世紀末期。下文中“（Line 32）stem cells to be used in medical research”，此處劃線的動詞不定式作定語，表示“將”，不可象上例中那樣

30、改寫。試比較：a bridge to be built over the river 即將興建的橋 （將來） a bridge built over the river 3 years ago 建于3年前的橋（過去，已經(jīng)） a bridge being built 正在新建的橋 （正在）15. Some scientists are now considering cloning human beings.consider doing something 考慮（打算）做某事。后面常常用“ing”形式。例如：I considered changing my job. 我曾經(jīng)想換個工作。The C

31、hinese government is seriously considering bidding to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup. 中國政府正在認真考慮申辦2018年世界杯足球賽。這些動詞常見的有：admit（承認）, appreciate（欣賞，感謝）, avoid（避免）, consider（考慮，打算）, delay（推遲）, dislike（討厭）, enjoy（喜歡）, escape（逃脫）, feel like（想要）, finish, forgive（寬恕，原諒）, cant help（忍不?。? imagine（設(shè)想，想象）, involve

32、s（涉及，包括）, (not) mind（介意）, miss（逃脫，避免）, practice（訓(xùn)練）, prevent, resist（抵制）, risk（冒險）, suggest, etc. 例如：Can you imagine settling on the moon someday? 你能想象有一天能住到月球上去嗎？The operation involves putting a small tube into the patients heart. 這個手術(shù)包括把一根小導(dǎo)管植入病人的心臟。另外，consider還可以是“認為（是）”的意思，常用復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：I consider it

33、 a great honour to be invited. 承蒙邀請我倍感榮幸。They considered themselves (to be) Europeans. 他們認為自己是歐洲人。 16. While, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby. 盡管克隆人類胚胎在許多國家是非法的，但是有些科學(xué)家已經(jīng)在推動這項研究，以克隆出人類的嬰兒。1）while在本句中是“雖然, 盡管”之意。例如：While there was no conclu

34、sive evidence, most people thought he was guilty. 雖然沒有肯定的證據(jù)，多數(shù)人還是認為他有罪。While (he was) never a big eater, he did snack a lot. 盡管他算不上饕餮，不過吃的零食可不算少。School in the south are better equipped, while those in the north are relatively poor. 南方的學(xué)校設(shè)備較好，而北方的則相對差一些。2）aheada) （時間或空間）在前方，在前面；向前方，向前面（of）The clinic

35、is some way straight ahead. 診所就在正前方不遠處。Unless we plan ahead, we are going to be in a mess. 除非我們事先計劃，否則一切將會一團糟。b) ahead of 在之前，在前面；優(yōu)于，勝過We completed the task 3 days head of the schedule. 我們比計劃提前三天完成了任務(wù)。Sophie is far ahead of other children in class. Sophie的成績遠比班上其他孩子好。c）push ahead (with) 努力推進They hav

36、e decided to push ahead with Project Hope. 他們決定努力推進“希望工程”。The government is pushing on with the education reform across the country. 政府正在全國范圍內(nèi)大力推進教育改革。d) go ahead 進行，進展；（作為回答）開始吧，好的，行e) ahead of time / schedule 提前3）so as to 為了in order to。區(qū)別在于后者可以置于句首，而前者不能。He went to night schools to learn English s

37、o as to / in order to get promoted. 他上夜校補習英語以便獲得提升。In order to (NOT so as to) get promoted, he went to night school to learn English. 4）deliver 在本句中是“生（小孩），分娩”的意思，但更常用于以下義項：a) 投遞（郵件、貨物等），送貨（名詞形式delivery）The morning mail has just been delivered. 今早的郵件剛送來。The helicopter set off to deliver supplies to

38、people trapped on the lonely island. 直升飛機出發(fā)給困在孤島上的人送給養(yǎng)。b) 發(fā)表（講話等）The president delivered a speech to the whole country after the attack. （遭到）襲擊后總統(tǒng)向全國發(fā)表了講話。17. We could produce a monster or even a superhuman race that could one day end up replacing us. 我們也許會制造出一個怪物，甚或一個最終會取代我們的超人族。1) end up 以告終，終于，最后

39、 （to be finally in a particular situation which you didnt expect or intend to be in），后接-ing形式，形容詞或介詞短語。She ended up teaching English in a high school. 最后她只得在一所中學(xué)教英語。The writer ended up in debt. 最后那位作家負債累累。If he carries on driving like this, he will end up dead. 如果他還是這樣開車，早晚要死于非命。2) 本句中兩處could可能，也許，相

40、當于“may，might，常用來表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)砬闆r的猜測語氣，但做此意解的could不可以用在否定句中。A child could develop an addiction to the Internet if they spend too much time on it. 如果在因特網(wǎng)上花太多時間，兒童可能會染上網(wǎng)癮。 18. I think cutting down trees should be made illegal and tighter laws should be introduced. 我認為砍伐樹木應(yīng)該被定為非法，應(yīng)該制定更嚴格的法律。introduce，在本句中是“提出

41、”的意思（to present a new law for discussion），另外，除了大家較為熟知的“介紹”之外，introduce還有“引進，引入”、“使知道，使了解”的意思。例如：Tomato was first introduced into Europe by Columbus. 西紅柿是由哥倫布引入歐洲的。Korea-Japan World Cup introduced me to the joy of football. 韓日世界杯讓我領(lǐng)略了足球的快樂。19. I think some things are best left the way they are. 我認為有些

42、東西最好還是讓它（們）保持原狀。1）be best left最好是（留著）Some things onscreen are best left unseen. 電視上有些東西最好還是不看。She is best left alone for the time being. 最好暫時讓她一個人待會兒。2）the way 表示“事物所處的狀態(tài)”(a particular state or condition)The chicken is nicejust the way I like it. 雞肉很好吃這是我喜歡的那樣。Its worth thinking how you improve the

43、way things are. 值得思考你怎樣改善目前的狀況。 20. He is always in his lab, trying to figure out all the mysteriesfigure out 理解，弄明白，演算出，用名詞或wh從句作賓語。If I have a map, I can figure out the distance. 如果我有地圖我就能算出距離。Scientists attempted to figure out how the cancel cells reproduce themselves. 科學(xué)家們決心弄明白癌細胞是怎樣自我復(fù)制的。21. I

44、think we should be cautious and use good judgement when making decisions about cloning. 我認為我們在做出有關(guān)克隆的決定時應(yīng)當謹慎，應(yīng)當多用腦子。1）cautious謹慎 (careful not to take risk)，例如：He was cautious when he was riding the bicycle. 他騎自行車的時候很小心。當要表示“對某事/某人謹慎”時，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：be cautious about sb./sth. 如：He is very cautious about me. 他

45、對我很謹慎。注意：careful和cautious都含“小心的”、“謹慎的”意思。careful 一般指“對工作、 責任等非常謹慎、周密的，以免粗枝大葉而出錯”，尤指“態(tài)度積極，在細節(jié)上不出差錯”，如：He was very careful with the coffee (so as not to spilt it). 他小心翼翼的端著咖啡（以免灑了）。cautious 指“小心、謹慎地從事，以防備可能出現(xiàn)的危險或差錯”，含有“提防”之意，如：He was cautious about his work. 他對工作非常謹慎。2）judgment此指“對事物的判斷力”，use ones（goo

46、d）judgment (指作決定時)用腦子，做出理智的判斷Use your good judgment before you decide. 作決定前動腦子想想。make a judgment about 對做出判斷3）make a decision about 作出的決定 22. Then I noticed that he was wearing shoes that did not match. 這時我注意到他穿的鞋不是一雙。match在本句中是“（與）成一雙”的意思，再如：Your socks dont match. 你的襪子不是一雙。另外還有：1）（指顏色、樣式等）相配Does th

47、is shirt match the trousers? 這件襯衫與褲子相配嗎？2）與相一致Their actions do not match their words. 他們言行不一。Teaching materials should match individual students needs. 教學(xué)材料應(yīng)當與個體的學(xué)生的需求一致。3）與配對，把和聯(lián)系起來Can you match the animals with the countries that each stands for? 你能把這些動物與它們每個所代表的國家配起來嗎？4）般配，比得上Few cities in Europe

48、 can match the cultural richness of Berlin. 幾乎沒有哪個歐洲城市能比得上羅馬的豐富文化。23. Although it involves some cost on your part, you will definitely agree its worth it. 盡管你得花點錢，但你一定會同一這個錢花得值。1) involve 包括，涉及；牽涉；使卷入；使參與Cloning human not only involves science. 克隆人不僅僅涉及科學(xué)（問題）。Every argument involves assumption. 每個論點

49、都包含了假設(shè)。The teacher tried to involve as many children as possible in the discussion in class. 教師努力讓更多的學(xué)生參與課堂討論。2）on your part 就你而言，在你這一方面It was probably just a mistake on her part. 就她的角度看這也許是個錯誤。There has never been any jealousy on my part. 就我這一方面而言從沒有過嫉妒。 24. I am writing to complain about your plan

50、s to start cloning human beings in the UK. 我現(xiàn)在給您寫信，抗議您在英國開始克隆人類的計劃。complain 抱怨，埋怨；投訴，申訴，控訴（about）Mary is always complaining about something. Mary老是抱怨這，抱怨那的。The neighbor said hed complain to the police if they made any more noise at night. 鄰居說如果他們再在夜里吵吵鬧鬧就會向警方投訴他們。25. but this does not mean that we s

51、hould follow in their footsteps. 但是這并不意味著我們就得亦步亦趨。follow (in) ones footsteps 步某人的后塵，繼承某人的事業(yè)或傳統(tǒng)He is a doctor and expects his son to follow (in) his footsteps. 他是個醫(yī)生所以希望他兒子繼承他的事業(yè)。26. Im sure that if you conducted a survey among UK citizens, it would show that the majority of people would not advocate

52、 this type of scientific research. 我敢肯定，假如你調(diào)查一下英國國民，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)人不會擁護這種科學(xué)研究。1) 該句使用了虛擬語氣，表示寫信者對這點并不抱希望。2) conduct 進行；引導(dǎo)；（音樂）指揮；（正式）行為；（物理）傳導(dǎo)（熱，電等）conduct (=carry out) a/an survey (experiment, test, interview, etc) 進行調(diào)查（實驗，考試，面試等）3) majority 大多數(shù)（人、物），常用復(fù)數(shù)的謂語動詞。 The majority of students find it hard to acc

53、ept the new theory. 多數(shù)學(xué)生覺得很難接受這個新理論。4) advocate vt 擁護，支持，提倡；n 提倡者，擁護者Do you advocate banning cars in the city centre? 你支持禁止汽車在市中心通行這一主張嗎?Extremists openly advocate violence. 極端主義者公開提倡暴力。He is an advocate of vegetarianism. 他是個倡導(dǎo)素食的人。27. To conclude, I urge you to seek the opinions of the people of th

54、e UK on this matter so we can end this immoral practice immediately. 最后，我奉勸您征求一下英國人民對這個問題的看法, 以便我們能立刻終止這種不道德的做法。1) conclude 得出結(jié)論，完成，結(jié)束（名詞形式：conclusion）He concluded that cloning human is immoral. 他得出結(jié)論，克隆人類是不道德的。They planned to conclude the investigation at the end of the month. 他們計劃在月底完成調(diào)查。Each chap

55、ter concluded with a short summary. 每一章都以簡短的小結(jié)結(jié)尾。to conclude 最后，作為列舉的最后一項，相當于“finally”2) urge 敦促，力勸；強力推薦，注意：跟從句時用“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。He urged them to give up the idea. 他敦促他們放棄那個主張。The report urged that all children (should) be taught to swim. 這份報告呼吁所有兒童教授游泳。3) seek 尋找；尋求，謀求，爭??；征求Drivers are advi

56、sed to seek alternative routes. 請駕駛者另尋其它路線。They sought for somewhere to shelter. 他們找一個藏身處?！癆re you really seeking jobs?” asked she. “你們真的在找工作嗎？”她問道。She called the embassy to seek help. 她打電話到大使館求助。Many farmers went to big cities to seek their fortune. 許多農(nóng)民去大城市尋求發(fā)財?shù)臋C會。seeksoughtsoughthide-and-seek 捉迷藏

57、28. Scientists admit that few tests have been performed on GM food. 科學(xué)家承認對基因食品還沒有進行什么測試。perform vt, vi1）perform在本文中是“實施、進行(carry out)”，與上面所列的conduct同義。如：perform a survey / study / experiment / operation / analysis 進行（實施）調(diào)查（研究、實驗、手術(shù)、分析）。另外，2）表演 vi & vtThe band will perform at the City Music Hall. 樂隊將

58、在城市音樂廳表演。The children perform two plays each school year. 孩子們每學(xué)年表演兩出戲。3）表現(xiàn)The national football team performed poorly. 國足表現(xiàn)不佳。The engine performs well. 發(fā)動機表現(xiàn)（運轉(zhuǎn)）良好。4）performance n. 表演，表現(xiàn)29. We further damage Earth by constructing new water channels for shipping, building new factories and creating p

59、ollution with industrial waste. 由于開挖新的航運水道，興建新工廠，因為工業(yè)垃圾而產(chǎn)生污染，我們進一步的破壞地球。1) constructingwaste 動名詞作介詞by的賓語。2) further adj & adva) =farther，（指距離）更遠The table stands at the further end of the room. 桌子放在房間的遠端。b) （指程度）更，進一步，另外，還Visit our website for further details. 請訪問我們網(wǎng)站了解進一步的細節(jié)。We will further study th

60、e problem soon. 我們將進一步研究這個問題。30. Would anyone say that economic development should be stopped in favour of nature? 有誰會說為了自然而經(jīng)濟發(fā)展應(yīng)當停止？1) in favour of意思是“贊同，支持”，后面接名詞、代詞或動詞的-ing形式，如：The Council voted in favour of a 200 million housing development. 議會投票通過了一個2億歐元的住房發(fā)展計劃。I talked to Sue about the travel