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1、新目標八年級下冊英語知識點總結(jié):Unit2 What should I do【重點詞匯】1. play v. 播放 2. loud adj. 高聲的;大聲的3. argue v. 爭論,爭吵 4. wrong adj. 錯誤的;有毛病的;不適合的5. could v. can的過去式 6. ticket n. 票,入場券7. surprise v. 使驚奇;使意外 8. other adj. 任一的;(兩方中的)每一方的9. except prep. 除;把除外 10. fail v. 失敗11. football n. 足球 12. until prep. 到為止13. fit v. 適合,

2、適應 14. include v. 包括;包含15. send v. 發(fā)送,寄 16. themselves pron.他們自己(反身代詞)【重點詞組】1. keep out不讓進入2. out of style不時髦的;過時的3. call sb. up打電話給4. pay for付款5. ask for要求6. the same as與同樣的7. in style時髦的;流行的8. get on相處;進展9. as much as possible盡可能多10. all kinds of各種;許多11. on the one hand, (在)一方面,12. on the other ha

3、nd, 另一方面,【重點句型】1. What should I do?我應該怎么做?2. You could write him a letter.你可以寫信給他。3. What should he do?他應該怎么做?4. Maybe he should say hes sorry.也許他應該說抱歉。5. What should they do?他們應該怎么做?6. They shouldnt argue.他們不應該爭吵。【重點語法】情態(tài)動詞should的用法should是情態(tài)動詞,它的基本用法是必須和其他動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,意為“應該”。should(應當,應該)

4、用于所有人稱,表示勸告或建議。eg. You should wait a little more.你應該再多等一會兒。- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厲害。- You should lie down and have a rest.你應該躺下,多喝水。在這個單元中我們還學到用“could”表示建議,這時could不是can的過去式,而表示比should更加委婉的建議。- I need some money to pay for the summer camp.- You should/ could borrow some money from your brother

5、.【知識點講解】1. I dont have enough money.我沒有足夠的錢。enough:adj.充足的、充分的,在句子中可作定語修飾名詞,也可作表語。eg. Do you have enough time?Six pieces of paper will be enough.2. I argued with my best friend.我與我最好的朋友吵架了。argue with sb.意為“與爭吵,爭論”eg. He often argue with his classmates.3. My clothes are out of style.我的衣服過時了。be out of

6、 style / fashion表示“過時”“不合乎時尚”反義詞是“be in fashion”表示“合乎時尚”eg. He is aways in fashion.The sofa is out of style, and I dont like it.4. Maybe you should call him up.(1)maybe是副詞,用來表示推測,譯為“也許,或許,大概”。eg. Maybe you are right.Maybe they will go out for a walk.maybe不同于may be。maybe是一個詞,是副詞,may be是情態(tài)動詞may加上動詞原形b

7、e,意為“或許”,后接形容詞、名詞、代詞等。eg. It may be true.He may be the man we are looking for.(2)call up sb.打電話給某人eg. I called up Zhang Hong at eight oclock.原句中him為代詞,所以放在call和up之間,不能說成call up him。eg. Ill call her up this afternoon.Could you ask him to call me, please.在這個句子中,省略up。5. I dont want to surprise him.我不想使

8、他驚訝。在這句話中surprise是個行為動詞,可以說成“surprise sb.”,表示“使驚訝”。eg. The news surprises us greatly.surprised adj.驚訝的surprising adj.令人驚訝的eg. Im surprised to hear the news.Its a surprising gift, and I love it.6. No, he doesnt have any money, either.不,他也沒有錢。either的用法:用作副詞,用在否定句或否定詞組后加強語氣,表示“也”,“而且”。eg. He doesnt lik

9、e singing, and he doesnt like dancing, either.either用作代詞時,常表示“兩者之中任何一個”,常與短語連用或用作賓語。eg. Either of them will agree with you.I dont like either of the books.【重難點分析】情態(tài)動詞(Modal Verbs )* 情態(tài)動詞也可稱為“情態(tài)助動詞 (Modal Auxiliaries)”,因為它和基本助動詞(be,do, have)都屬于助動詞類。* 情態(tài)動詞和其他動詞連用,可表示說話人的語氣。* 情態(tài)動詞可表達建議、要求、可能和意愿等。* 情態(tài)動詞

10、沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。* 常用的情態(tài)動詞有:can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would這九大情態(tài)動詞;其他的還有ought to, need, dare 等。一、九大情態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)關(guān)系:1. 現(xiàn)在式 can - 過去式 could2. 現(xiàn)在式 may - 過去式 might3. 現(xiàn)在式 shall - 過去式 should4. 現(xiàn)在式 will - 過去式 would5. 現(xiàn)在式 must - 過去式 must (常用had to來代替)二、情態(tài)動詞表示“可能”或“預測”(can, could, will, would, sh

11、all, should, must, ought to)(1)can 和 could 用于表示“可能”或“預測”:1. He cant be at home. (否定句)他不可能在家。2. Can the news be true? (將情態(tài)動詞 can 置于主語 the news 前就成疑問句)這消息可能是真的嗎?3. Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理論上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯錯誤。(2)may 和 might 用于表示“事實上的可能性”或“預測”:1. It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能會發(fā)生) 明天可能會下雨。2. It may sn

12、ow later this afternoon. (表示預測) 今天下午可能會下雪。3. You might be right. (表示有可能) 你可能是對的。(3)will 和 would 用于表示“預測”或“習慣性”:1. I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定會)我想他現(xiàn)在一定好了。2. That would be his mother.(would be 表示肯定是) 那肯定是他母親。3. He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示經(jīng)常的)他經(jīng)常一

13、連幾個小時坐在那兒看著河水。(4)shall 和 should 用于表示“必定”:1. I shall be rich one day. (shall be ) 總有一天我會發(fā)達的。2. That should be Sam and his mother. (should be) 那準是Sam 和他的母親。(5)must 用于表示“必定”,“必會”:1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定) 這肯定對你是有益的。2. All mankind must die.(表示必然會發(fā)生的事) 所有的人一定會死的。3. Mustnt there be a mista

14、ke? (mustnt 多用于疑問句) 那肯定會有錯誤嗎?三、情態(tài)動詞表示“許可”、“請求”(can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must)(1)can 和 could 用于表示“許可”、“請求”:1. Can I go with you? (請求) 我能跟你一起走嗎?2. Father said I could go to cinema. (表示過去的許可) 爸爸說我可以去看電影。3. Could I ask you something ? (請求,用 could 比 can 更婉轉(zhuǎn)) 我可以問你一件事嗎?(2)will 和

15、 would 用于表示“請求”1. Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office?(表示客氣請求)請問到郵局怎么走?2. Would you give me your address? (用 would 比 will 表示更客氣)請你告訴我你的地址,好嗎?(3)shall 和 should 用于第一人稱,表示征求對方的意見1. Shall we talk? 我們談談好嗎?2. What should we do next? (用should 比 shall 表示更客氣) 下一步我們該怎么做?3. Shall he come to see

16、you? (用于第三人稱疑問句) 要不要他來看你?(4)may 和 might 用于表示“許可”(口語中多用 can )1. You may take a walk. (表示給予許可) 你可以散散步。2. You might read the story for me. (比may更婉轉(zhuǎn)) 是否請給我讀一讀這故事。3.May I make a suggestion? 我可以提個建議嗎?4. Might I take a look of your work? 我看看您的大作行嗎?5. Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不

17、許可或禁止)學生不得在圖書館里吵鬧。6. If I may say so, you are not right. (用于條件句,表示請求)你是不對的,如果我可以這么說的話。(5)must 用于表示“禁止”,“不準”:1. Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不許可) 此地不準停車。2. All of you mustnt fishing in the pool. (must not 語氣方面比 may not 更強)你們不準在池里釣魚。四、重要短語和表達法(Key Words)1.argue v.爭論;爭吵 argue with sb.與某人吵架I

18、 argued with my best friend.我和我的好朋友吵架了。Dont argue with him. 別和他爭吵了。2. either adv.(用于否定句)也He doesnt have any money, and I dont, either.他沒有錢,我也沒有。I cant play chess. She cant, either.我不會下國際象棋,她也不會。 too 也(用于肯定或疑問句)Im a teacher.He is a teacher, too.我是老師,他也是老師。We are going hiking. Are they going hiking,to

19、o?我們要去徒步旅行,他們也要去嗎?3.ask (sb.)for sth.向某人尋求某物;要Dont ask for food every day.Go and find some work.別天天要飯,找點兒工作做。I dont think you should ask your parents for some money.我想你不應向父母要錢。If you have any problems, you can ask the policeman for help. 如果你有困難,可以向警察求助。He didnt want to ask his teacher for his book b

20、ack. 他不想向老師要回他的書了。4.the same as. 與相同The clothes are the same as my friends.這些衣服與我朋友的一樣。Tom is the same age as Anna.= Tom is as old as Anna. 湯姆和安娜一樣大。Her backpack is the same as mine. 她的背包與我的一樣。5.except 除以外;(不包括在內(nèi))My class has been invited except me.= Only I havent been invited.除我以外,我的同學都被邀請了。All the

21、 students went to the park except him.= Only he didnt get to the park.They all toured America except her.除了他以外,所有的學生都去美國旅行過。besides 除以外(包括在內(nèi))We all went there besides him.= He went there.We went there, too.除他去以外,我們也都去了。There are five more visitors besides me.除了我之外還有5倍訪客6.wrong adj.錯誤的;有毛病的;不合適的Is th

22、ere anything wrong with you? 你哪兒不舒服? Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了?(你哪里不舒服?) Ive got a headache.我頭痛。Whats wrong with your watch? It doesnt work.你的手表怎么了?它不走了。adv.錯誤地;不正確地;不對地He answered wrong.他答錯了。They knew they did wrong. 他們知道他們做錯了。7.get on well with sb.與某人相處融洽The students will get on well with the tea

23、cher.學生會和老師相處得非常好。We get on well with each other.我們彼此相處融洽。Can she get on well with all the other students in her class?她能與她班里所有的同學相處得好嗎?8.have a fight with sb.= fight with sb.與某人打架I dont want to have a fight with my cousin. 我不想和我的堂兄打架。They never fight with each other.They are really good friends.他們從不打架,他們的確是好朋友。五、主要句型(Key Sentences Structures)What should I do? You could write him a

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