班王怡英語國家課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)翻譯

1、1National Curriculum for England 英國國家課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英國國家課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)key stage one第一關(guān)鍵期第一關(guān)鍵期 Translated by: 王怡王怡2What is the National Curriculum for England?The natinal Curriculum sets out a clear,full and statutory entitlement to learning for all pupils up to the age of 16.It dertermines the content of what will be ta

2、ught and sets attainment targets for learnning.It also dertermines how performance will be assessed and reported.An effective National Curriculum gives teachers ,pupils,parents employers and the wider community a clear and shared understanding of the skills and knowledge that young people will gain

3、at school.Teaching should enensure that work in speaking and listening,readingand writingis intergrated.國家課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為16歲以下的學(xué)生闡述了清晰的完整的法定的學(xué)習(xí)權(quán)利。他決定所要教授課程的內(nèi)容，設(shè)定學(xué)習(xí)所要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)，決定學(xué)習(xí)的評估方式和報告形式。給老師，學(xué)生，家長，雇員和更廣范圍的社會群體通過一份有效的國家課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以對學(xué)生從學(xué)校習(xí)得的知識和技能有一個清晰地，共同的理解。教學(xué)需要保證學(xué)習(xí)過程中聽、說、讀、寫的一體化。3knowledge skills and understandingke

4、y stage 1pupils learn to speak confidently and listen to what others have to say.They begin to read and write indepently and with enthusiasm.They use language to explore their own experiences and imaginary worlds.speaking1)To speak clearly,fluently and confidently to different people,pupils should b

5、e taught to: a.speak with clear diction and appropirate intonation b.choose words with precision nise what they say d.focus on the main point(s) e.include relevant detail f.take into account the needs of their listeners知識 技能和理解關(guān)鍵階段1學(xué)生學(xué)會有自信的說話，學(xué)會耐心的聆聽。他們開始有熱情的獨立的閱讀和書寫。他們用語言去探究自己的經(jīng)歷和想象世界。說1）清楚的、流

6、利的、有自信的對不同的人說話，學(xué)生們需要被教授： a.用清晰的措詞和合適的語調(diào)說話 b.選擇精確的詞匯 c.組織說過的話 d.關(guān)注要點 e.包含相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié) f.考慮聽者的需要4Listening2)To listen,understand and respond to others,pupils should be taught to: a.sustain concentration b.remember specific points that interest them c.make relevant comments d.listen to others reaction e.ask qu

7、estions to clarify their understanding f.identify and respond to sound patterns in language (for example,alliteration,rhyme,word play)聽2）傾聽，理解，答復(fù)他人，學(xué)生需要被教授： a.持續(xù)的集中注意力 b.記住他人感興趣的具體點 c.做相關(guān)的評論 d.傾聽他人的反應(yīng) e.通過提問使他人的理解更明晰 f.辨別和回應(yīng)語言中的合理部分（例如：頭韻，押韻，雙關(guān)）5Group discussion and interaction3)To jion in as member

8、s of a group,pupils should be taught to: a.take turns inspeaking b.relate their contributions to what has gone on before c.take different views into accountsDrama4)To participate in arange of drama activities,pupils should be taught to: a.use language and actions to explore and convey situations,cha

9、racters and emotions b.create and sustain roles individually and when working with others ment constructively on drama they have watched or in which they have taken part 小組討論和協(xié)作3)作為小組的一個成員，學(xué)生需要被教授：a.輪流的說話b.把他們的貢獻(xiàn)與曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的事聯(lián)系起來c.考慮不同的觀點戲劇4)參加類似戲劇表演的活動，學(xué)生需要被教授：a.用語言和行動去探究和傳達(dá)情境，人物和情感b.和其他人一起工作室，保持創(chuàng)造性和角色的個

10、性c.對他們觀看的或者參加過的戲劇做出建設(shè)性的評論6Standard English5)Pupils should be introduced to some of the main features of spoken standard English and be taught to use themLanguage variation6)Pupils should be taught about how speech varies:a.in different circumstances (for example,to reflect on how their speech change

11、s in more formal situations)b.to take account of different listeners(for exampe,adapting what they say when speaking to people they do not know)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語5）需要向?qū)W生們介紹標(biāo)準(zhǔn)口語的一些主要特征，并說明如何使用他們語言變體6）學(xué)生需要被教授語體是如何變化的a.在不同的環(huán)境下（例如：反映在更加正式的場合下語體是如何變化的）b.考慮不同的聽眾（例如：當(dāng)和他們不熟悉的人說話時，適應(yīng)這種交談）7Breadth of study7)During the key

12、stage ,pupils should be taught the knowledge,skills and understanding through the following range of activities,contexts and purposesSpeaking8)The range should include:a.telling stories,real and imaginedb.reading aloud and recitingc.describing events and experiencesd.speaking to different people,inc

13、luding friends,the class,teachers and other adults學(xué)習(xí)的廣度7）在關(guān)鍵期期間，學(xué)生需要通過活動、情境、有目的的學(xué)習(xí)知識、技能、理解說8）這個范圍包括：a.說故事，不管是真實的，還是想象的b.大聲的朗讀和背誦c.描述事件和經(jīng)歷d.對不同的人說話，包括朋友，同學(xué)，老師和其他的成人8Listening9)The range should include opportunities for pupils to listen to:a.each otherb.adults giving detailed explanations and presenta

14、tions (for example,describing how a model works,reading aloud)c.recordings (for example,radio,television)聽9）這個范圍需要包括為學(xué)生們的傾聽創(chuàng)造機(jī)會：a.傾聽是相互的b.成人給出詳細(xì)的解釋和陳述（例如:描述一個模型是如何工作的，大聲的讀出來）c.記錄（例如：廣播、電視）9Group discussion and interaction10)The range of purposes should include:a.making plans and investigationsb.shar

15、ing ideas and menting and reportingDrama activities11)The range should include:a.working in roleb.presenting drama and stories to others(for example,telling a story through tableaux or using a narrator)c.responding to performances小組討論和協(xié)作10）目的的范圍包括a.制定計劃，深入調(diào)查b.分享主意和經(jīng)驗c.評論和記錄戲劇活動11）這個范圍包括：a.進(jìn)入角色工作b.向別

16、人陳述戲劇和故事（例如：通過舞臺造型或講解員敘述故事）c.對表演做出回應(yīng)10Reading strategies1)To read with fluency,understanding and enjoyment,pupils should be taught to use a range of stragies to make sense of what they read.They should be taught to:a.hear,identity,segment and blend phonemes in words b.sound and name the letters of t

17、he aiphabetc.link sound and letter patterns,exploring rhyme,alliteration and other sound patternsd.identity syllables in wordse.recognise that the same sounds may have different spellings and that the same spellings may relate to 閱讀策略1）為了流利的，理解的，愉快的閱讀，學(xué)生需要學(xué)習(xí)一系列的策略使他們的閱讀有意義。他們需要學(xué)習(xí)：a.傾聽、辨別、劃分和合成單詞中的音素

18、b.按字母表的順序讀這些字母并為他們命名c.把語音和字母模式聯(lián)系起來,探究押韻頭韻或其他的語音模式d.辨別單詞中的音節(jié)e.認(rèn)識到相同的讀音可能會有不同的拼寫，而同一種拼寫會有不同的讀音11Word recognition and graphic knowledgef.read on sight high-frequency words and other familar wordsg.recognise words with common spelling patternsh.recognise specific parts of words,including perfixes,suffix

19、es,inflectional endings,pluralsGrammatical awarenessi.understand how word order affects meaningj.decipher new words,and confirm or check meaningk.work out the sense of a sentence by rereading or reading ahead單詞的識別和圖形知識f.閱讀高頻率單詞和其他熟悉的單詞g.識別單詞的常見拼寫模式h.識別單詞具體部分，包括前綴，曲折詞綴和復(fù)數(shù)語法意識i.理解單詞組合的順序是如何影響句意的j.譯解新詞

20、，檢查和確認(rèn)詞義k.通過提前閱讀或反復(fù)閱讀理解一句話的句意12Contextual understandingl.focus on meaning derived from the text as a whole ：m.use their knowledge of book conventions,structure,sequence and presentational devicesn.draw on their background knowledge and understanding of the content內(nèi)容理解1.重點關(guān)注來自文章的整體意義m.利用他們對書的文法，結(jié)構(gòu)，連續(xù)

21、性以及演講技巧方面的知識n. 關(guān)注他們的背景知識核對內(nèi)容的理解13Reading for information2)Pupils should be taught to:a.use the organisiational features of non-fiction texts,including captions,illustrations,contents,index and chapters,to find informationb.understand that texts about the same topic may contain different information

22、or present similar information in different waysc.use reference materials for different purposes從閱讀中獲取信息學(xué)生們需要被教授：a.運用非小說類文章的組織特征，包括標(biāo)題，插圖，內(nèi)容，索引和章節(jié)，以查找信息b.知道探討同意話題的文章可能包含不同的信息活著用不同的方式呈現(xiàn)相同的信息c.針對不同的目的使用參考材料14Literature3)To develop their understanding of fiction,poetry and drama,pupils should be taught

23、to:a.identify and describe characters,events and settings in fictionb.use their kownledge of sequence and story language when they are retelling stories and predicting events c.express preferences,giving reasons d.learn,recite and act out stories and poems e.identify pattens of rhythm,rhyme and soun

24、ds in poems and their effectsf.respond imaginatively in differentways to what they read(for example,using the characters from a story in drama,writing poems based on ones they read,showing their understanding through art or music)文學(xué)3）為了提升他們對于小說詩歌和戲劇的理解力，學(xué)生們需要被教授：a.識別和描述小說中的人物事件和環(huán)境b.當(dāng)他們復(fù)述故事和預(yù)測事件時，運用他

25、們的故事線和故事語言c.表達(dá)偏好，給出原因d.學(xué)習(xí)，背誦，表演故事和詩歌e.辨別詩歌中的節(jié)奏韻律和聲音，闡述他們的作用f.對于他們閱讀的作品，用不同的具有想象力的方式做出回應(yīng)。（例如：選擇戲劇中一個故事中的人物，基于他們閱讀的這些故事寫詩歌，通過藝術(shù)或音樂展現(xiàn)他們的理解程度）15Language structure and variation4)To read texts with greater accuracy and understanding,pupils should be taught about the characteristics of different types of

26、text (for example,beginnings and endings in stories,use of captions)Breadth of study5)During the key stage,pupils should be taught the Knowledge ,skills and understanding through the following ranges of literature and non-fiction and non-literay texts語言的結(jié)構(gòu)和變化4）閱讀的文本應(yīng)有更高的準(zhǔn)確性和理解力，學(xué)生需要被教授不同類型的文本特點（例如：故

27、事的開頭和結(jié)尾，加上標(biāo)題）學(xué)習(xí)的廣度5）在關(guān)鍵期期間，學(xué)生需要通過以下范圍的文學(xué)作品，非小說和非文學(xué)的文本作品習(xí)得知識、技能和理解，16Literature 6)The range should include:a.stories and poems with familar settings and those based on imaginary on fantasy worldsb.stories,plays and poems by significant childrens authorsc.retellings of traditional folk and fairy stori

28、esd.stories and poems from a range of culturese.stories,plays and poems that are challenging in terms of length on vocabularyg.texts where the use of language benefits from being read aloud and reread文學(xué)：6）它的范圍包括：a.具有相同背景的或基于想象和幻想世界所創(chuàng)作出來的故事和詩歌b.卓越的兒童作者所創(chuàng)作的故事，話劇和詩歌c.傳統(tǒng)民間故事和童話故事的復(fù)述d.從一系列的文化中產(chǎn)生的故事和詩歌e.

29、因為單詞的長度而演變的復(fù)雜的故事戲劇和詩歌g.語言的運用從大聲的朗讀和反復(fù)的閱讀中獲益17Nonfiction and nonliterary texts7)The range should includea.print and ICT- based information texts,including those with continuous text and relevant illustrations b.dictionaries,encyclopedias and other refrence materialsComposition1)Pupils should be taugh

30、t to:a.use adventurous and wide-range vocabularyb.sequence events and recount them in appropriate detailc.put their ideas into sentencesd.use a clear structure to organise their writinge.vary their writing to suit the purpose and reader f.use the texts they read as models for their own writing非虛構(gòu)類和非

31、文學(xué)類文本7）它的范圍應(yīng)該包括a.印刷信息和通以信技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的信息文本，包括那些連續(xù)文本和有關(guān)插圖b.字典，百科全書和其他參考資料作文1）學(xué)生需要被教授a.大膽的，寬范圍的運用詞匯b.用適當(dāng)?shù)募?xì)節(jié)按順序敘述事件c.把創(chuàng)意轉(zhuǎn)化為句子d.用清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)組織文本內(nèi)容e.為了適應(yīng)讀者的需要而變化寫作形式f.運用他們讀過的文章作為自己寫作的范文18Planning and drafting2)Working with the teacher and with others,in order to develop their writing,pupils should be taught to:a.writ

32、e familar words and attempt unfamilar onesb.assemble and develop ideas on paper and on screenc.plan and review their writing,discussing the quality of what is writtend.write extended texts.with support (for example,using the teacher as writer)Punctuation3)Pupils should be taught:a.how punctuation he

33、lps a reader understand what is writtenb.the connections between punctuation and sentence strcture,intonation and emphasisc.to use capital letters,full stops,question marks and to begin to use commas規(guī)劃和起草2）和老師等其他人一起工作以提高寫作能力，學(xué)生需要被教授：a.寫熟悉的單詞，嘗試使用不熟悉的單詞b.以書面形式或電子形式聚合和開發(fā)觀點c.計劃和審查他們的寫作，討論所寫內(nèi)容的質(zhì)量d.在外力的幫

34、助下擴(kuò)充文章內(nèi)容（例如，在老師的幫助下）標(biāo)點3）學(xué)生需要被教授a.標(biāo)點幫助讀者理解所寫內(nèi)容b.標(biāo)點和句子結(jié)構(gòu)之間的聯(lián)系，語調(diào)和強(qiáng)調(diào)c.使用大寫字母，句號，問號，首先使用逗號19Spelling4)Pupils should be taught to:a.write each letter of the alphabetb.use their knowledge of sound-symbol relationships and phonological patterns(for example,consonant clusters and vowel phonemes)c.recognise

35、and use simple spelling patternsd.write common letter stringse.spell common wordsf.spell words with common prefixes and inflectinal endingsChecking spellingg.check the accuracy of their spelling,using word banks and dictionariesh.use their knowledge of word families and other wordsi.identify reasons

36、 for misspellings拼寫4）學(xué)生需要被教授a.按字母表順序?qū)懨恳粋€字母b.運用聲音符號的關(guān)系和語音模式方面的知識（例如：輔音群和元音音素）c.認(rèn)識和運用簡單的拼寫模式d.書寫普通的字母行e.拼寫普通的單詞f.運用普通的前綴和曲折詞綴拼寫單詞檢查拼寫g.檢查拼寫的準(zhǔn)確性，使用詞匯銀行和字典h.使用單詞家譜和其他單詞的知識i.找出拼寫錯誤的原因20Handwriting and presentation5)In order to develop a legible style,pupils should be taught:a.how to hold a pencil/penb.to

37、 write from left to right and top to bottom of a page c.to start and finish letters correctlyd.to form letters of regular size and shapee.to put regular spaces between letters and wordsf.how to form lower-and upper-case lettersPresentationg.the importance of clear and neat presentation in order to c

38、ommunicate their meaning effectively手寫和演示5）為了使書寫易讀，學(xué)生需要被教授：a.如何正確的握鉛筆、鋼筆b.在一整頁紙上，從左往右，從上往下的書寫c.從頭一個單詞的每個字母都要正確的拼寫d.單詞的形式是常規(guī)的大小和形狀e.字母與字母，單詞與單詞之間有合適的空隙f.怎樣書寫大小寫字母演示g.清晰地，有序的進(jìn)行演示的重要性，以便有效的傳達(dá)意義21Standard English6)Pupils should be taught some of the grammatical features of written standard EnglishLanguage structure7)In composing their own texts ,pupils should be taught to considera.how word choice and order are crucial t