CISCO路由器基礎(chǔ)培訓(xùn)教材

1、神州數(shù)碼（深圳）有限公司神州數(shù)碼（深圳）有限公司范偉導(dǎo)范偉導(dǎo)Tel:8671E-mail: CISCO 產(chǎn)品介紹產(chǎn)品介紹 CISCO路由基本結(jié)構(gòu)路由基本結(jié)構(gòu)路由基本原理路由基本原理路由基本配置及常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題解答路由基本配置及常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題解答實(shí)際操作實(shí)際操作Cisco700 SeriesCisco1000 SeriesCisco1600 SeriesCisco2500 SeriesCisco3600 SeriesCisco4000 SeriesAS5x00 SeriesCisco7200 SeriesRemote/Home Office SolutionsBranch Off

2、ice SolutionsCentral Site SolutionsCisco2600 SeriesCisco7500 SeriesCisco12000SeriesEnterpriseand WAN Core SolutionsRemote Office/Remote User Access Solutions EthernetConfigurable WAN slotSerialDSU/CSUISDN BRI S/TISDN BRI UCiscoCiscoCiscoCiscoCisco16011602160316041605-R11112111111 1 1 1 Cisco 1601/Ci

3、sco 1601 RWIC-1TWIC: Serial(async and sync), ISDN BRI S/T, ISDN BRI w/ NT1等等等等經(jīng)典用途經(jīng)典用途NM-32AWIC-2TNM-2VVIC-2 10M Ethernet10/100M EthernetToken-RingNetwork Module SlotWAN Interface Card SlotAdvanced Integration Module Slot (AIM Slot)CiscoCiscoCiscoCiscoCisco26102611261226132620121 1 11 1111 12222 211

4、11 1Cisco 26212111常用模塊常用模塊16 Port Analog Modem Network Module32 port Asynchronous Module4-Port Async/Sync Serial Network Module8-Port Async/Sync Serial Network Module8-Port ISDN-BRI Network Module1-Port Channelized E1/ISDN-PRI Balanced Network Module2-Port Channelized E1/ISDN-PRI Balanced Network Mo

5、dulTwo-port Voice Interface Card - FXO1-port ADSL WAN Interface Card4-Port Ethernet Network Module2-Port Serial WAN Interface Card 定位于定位于Cisco中低檔的路由器產(chǎn)品中低檔的路由器產(chǎn)品, 是繼是繼Cisco 2500系列之后又一款系列之后又一款最受歡迎的產(chǎn)品最受歡迎的產(chǎn)品 完全模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)完全模塊化結(jié)構(gòu), 具有具有2插槽插槽 (3620) 、4插槽插槽 (3640)和最新推出的和最新推出的6插插槽槽(3660) 兩種型號(hào)兩種型號(hào), 可插與可插與2600和和160

6、0通用的通用的NM, NM- V, WIC和和VIC CPU采用采用100-MHz IDT R4700 RISC (3640) 和和80-MHz IDT R4700 RISC (3620) , 內(nèi)存內(nèi)存36 - 128MB, Flash為為4 - 32M, 包吞吐量為包吞吐量為2 - 5萬(wàn)萬(wàn)pps 最大特點(diǎn)是依靠比最大特點(diǎn)是依靠比2600和和1600種類(lèi)更多的種類(lèi)更多的NM, NM- V, WIC和和VIC實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)更靈活和功能強(qiáng)大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連更靈活和功能強(qiáng)大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連 兩種兩種3600的型號(hào)的型號(hào)4插槽插槽, 2插槽插槽 所使用的所使用的NM, NM-V, WIC和和 VIC與與2600, 16

7、00大部分兼容大部分兼容 3600特有的模塊特有的模塊: 帶帶WIC的的NM, Digital Modem, 155M ATM等等Cisco3640Cisco3620常用模塊常用模塊16 Port Analog Modem Network Module32 port Asynchronous Module4-Port Async/Sync Serial Network Module8-Port Async/Sync Serial Network Module8-Port ISDN-BRI Network Module1-Port Channelized E1/ISDN-PRI Balanced

8、 Network Module2-Port Channelized E1/ISDN-PRI Balanced Network ModulTwo-port Voice Interface Card - FXO1-port ADSL WAN Interface Card4-Port Ethernet Network Module2-Port Serial WAN Interface Card 訪問(wèn)服務(wù)器，可作為訪問(wèn)服務(wù)器，可作為VOIP網(wǎng)關(guān)。網(wǎng)關(guān)。 接口可直連數(shù)字交換機(jī)、接口可直連數(shù)字交換機(jī)、PBX、電話(huà)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、電話(huà)網(wǎng)絡(luò) 四個(gè)四個(gè)E1接口支持接口支持120個(gè)個(gè)VOICE/FAX通道通道常用模塊常用模

9、塊2-Port Fast Ethernet 100Base FX Port Adapter8-Port Ethernet 10BaseT Port Adapter8-Port Serial, V.35 Port AdapterGigabit Ethernet Port Adapter2 Port T3 Serial Port Adapter with T3 DSUs8 port multichannel E1 port adapter with G.703 120ohm interf8-Port BRI Port Adapter, S/T Interface常用模塊常用模塊2-Port Fas

10、t Ethernet IP with Dist. Switching (100TX)DPT-OC12 Singe-mode extended reach Interface ProcessorGigabit Interface Converter for 1000BASE-LX standard2-Port Fast Ethernet 100Base FX Port Adapter1-Port FDDI Full Duplex Multi-Mode Port Adapter8 port multichannel E1 port adapter with G.703 120ohm interfR

11、AMConfiguration RegisterROMFlashNVRAMInterfacesROM Contains microcode for basic functionsBootstrapMini IOSsoftwarefileROMMonitorPOSTshow versionConsoleFlashshowversionshow startup-configCiscoIOSSoftwareConsoleConfiguration RegisterNVRAMUse IOS fromFlashAttempt to GetIOS from NetworkUse IOS in ROM(rx

12、boot Mode)Check StartupConfigBoot Field = 00 x0Boot Field = 10 x1Boot SystemCommands?Config regbit 13 = 1? 5 Failures?Valid IOS inFlash?Do WhatThey SayRunROM MonitorSTARTYesYesNoNoYesNoNoYesYesNoNoYesSuccess?NoYesUse File fromNetworkLoad IOSValid Config?Config RegBit 6 = 1?YesNoYes SETUPDIALOG NORMA

13、L STARTUPCOMPLETENoAddressClassSubnetBroadcast0 48Subnet Mask 3 527 28NetworkProtocolDestinationNetworkConnectedLearnedExit InterfaceE0S0Routed Protocol: IP172.16.1

14、.0E0S0S0BNetworkABStub NetworkRouter(config)#ip route network mask address | interfacedistance permanent Stub Networkip route S0BNetworkABStub Networkip route 17

15、S0BNetworkABNetworkProtocolDestinationNetworkConnectedRIPIGRPExit InterfaceE0S0S1Routed Protocol: IPRouting Protocol: RIP, IGRPE0S0Autonomous System 100Autonomous System 200IGPs: RIP, IGRPEGPs: BGPIGRPAdm

16、inistrative Distance = 100RIPAdministrative Distance = 120I need to send a packet to network E. Both routers B and C will get it there. Which route is best?Distance VectorHybrid RoutingLink StateRoutingTableRoutingTableRoutingTableRoutingTableDistanceHow FarVectorIn Which Direction10

17、.3.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing Table 00S0S1Routing TableS00E00Routing Table E0S0 00E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing TableRouting Table0011S0S1S1S0Routing TableS0010.4

18、.0.0E00S0 1E0S0S0100E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing TableRouting Table0011S0S1S1S0Routing TableS00E00S0S012E0S0S0S01200 56T156T1Ticks, Hop CountBAHop CountIPXRIPIGRPBandwidthDe

19、layLoadReliabilityMTUProcess to Update this RoutingTableProcess to Update This RoutingTableRouter A Sends Out This UpdatedRouting Table After the Next Period ExpiresTopologyChange CausesRoutingTableUpdateProcess to Update This RoutingTableProcess to Update This RoutingTableTopologyChange CausesRouti

20、ngTableUpdateRouter A Sends Out This UpdatedRouting Table After the Next Period ExpiresE0S0S0S1S0E0Routing TableS0E0S0S0100Routing TableE0S0S0S0100Routing TableS0S1S1S01

21、00E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing TableS0E0S0S010DownRouting TableE0S0S0S0100Routing TableS0S1S1S0100 Router C concludes that the best path to network is through router B.1

22、E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing TableS0S0S0S0102Routing TableE0S0S0S0100Routing TableS0S1S1S1100 Router A updates its table to reflect the new but erroneous hop count.10.2.0.

23、0E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing TableS0S0S0S0102Routing TableE0S0S0S01400Routing TableS0S1S1S0300E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing TableS0S0S0S010

24、4Routing TableE0S0S0S01600Routing TableS0S1S1S0500E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing TableS0S0S0S01016Routing TableE0S0S0S011600Routing TableS0S1S1S01611

25、00E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing TableS0S0S0S0100Routing TableE0S0S0S0100Routing TableS0S1S1E1100E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing

26、TableS0S0S0S010InfinityRouting TableE0S0S0S0100Routing TableS0S1S1E1100E0S0S0S1S0E0Routing TableS0S0S0S010InfinityRouting TableE

27、0S0S0S0100Routing TableS0S1S1E1PossiblyDown00PoisonReverseNetwork Is DownThen Back Up Then Back DownUpdate AfterHolddown TimeNetwork Is UnreachableE0S0S0S1S0E0Update AfterHolddown Time1

28、E0S0S0S1S0E0XNetwork Is UnreachableNetwork Is UnreachableNetwork Is UnreachableXXHolddownHolddownHolddownXHolddownHolddownHolddownPoison ReversePoison ReversePoison ReversePoison ReverseXHolddownHolddownHolddownPacket for

29、 Network Packet for Network Link Up! Configurations can come from many sources. Configurations will act in device memory.Console PortAuxiliary PortInterfacesPC or UNIX ServerWeb or Network ManagementServerVirtual TerminalTelnetTFTPConsolewg_ro_cwg_ro_cenablewg_ro_c#wg

30、_ro_c#disablewg_ro_cwg_ro_clogoutwg_ro_c con0 is now availablePress RETURN to get started.User-Mode PromptPrivileged-Mode Promptwg_ro_c?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry atmsig Execute Atm Signalling Commands cd Change current device clear Reset functions connect Open

31、 a terminal connection dir List files on given device disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system lat Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal

32、login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC- More -wg_ro_c#?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry access-profile Apply user-profile to interface access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry bfe For manual emergency modes setting cd Change current d

33、irectory clear Reset functions clock Manage the system clock configure Enter configuration mode connect Open a terminal connection copy Copy from one file to another debug Debugging functions (see also undebug) delete Delete a file dir List files on a filesystem disable Turn off privileged commands

34、disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands erase Erase a filesystem exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system- More -Context-Sensitive HelpConsole Error MessagesIdentify problems with router commands that are incorrectly ente

35、red so that you can alter or correct themAllows recall of long or complex commands or entries for reentry, review, or correction Command History BufferProvides a list of commands and the arguments associated with a specific command Router# clokTranslating CLOK% Unknown command or computer name, or u

36、nable to find computer addressRouter# cl?clear clockRouter# clock% Incomplete command.Router# clock ?set Set the time and dateRouter# clock set% Incomplete command.Router# clock set ?hh:mm:ss Current Time Symbolic Translation Command Prompting Last Command RecallRouter# clokTranslating CLOK% Unknown

37、 command or computer name, or unable to find computer addressRouter# clear clockRouter# % Incomplete command.Router# set Set the time and dateRouter# % Incomplete command.Router# hh:mm:ss Current TimeRouter# clock set 19:56:00% Incomplete command.Router# clock set 19:56:00 ? Day of the monthMONTH Mo

38、nth of the yearRouter# clock set 19:56:00 04 8 % Invalid input detected at the markerRouter# clock set 19:56:00 04 August% Incomplete command.Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 August ? Year Command Prompting Syntax Checking Command PromptingRouterShape the future of internetworking by creating unprecedS

39、hape the future of internetworking by creating unprecedented value for customers, employees, and partners.Router$ future of internetworking by creating unprecedented op(Automatic scrolling of long lines).RouterShape the value of internetworking by creating unpreced(Automatic scrolling of long lines)

40、.Move to the beginning of the command line.Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.(Automatic scrolling of long lines).Move to the beginning of the command line.Move to the end of the command line.(Automatic scrolling of long lines).Move to the beginning of the command line.Move to the

41、end of the command line.Move back one word.Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.(Automatic scrolling of long lines).Move to the beginning of the command line.Move to the end of the command line.Move back one word.Move forward one character.Router$ value for customers, employees, and

42、partners.(Automatic scrolling of long lines).Move to the beginning of the command line.Move to the end of the command line.Move back one word.Move forward one character.Move back one character.Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.(Automatic scrolling of long lines).Move to the beginn

43、ing of the command line.Move to the end of the command line.Move back one word.Move forward one character.Move back one character.Move forward one word.Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.(Automatic scrolling of long lines.)Ctrl-AMove to the beginning of the command line.Ctrl-EMove

44、to the end of the command line.Esc-BMove back one word.Esc-FMove forward one word.Ctrl-BMove back one character.Ctrl-FMove forward one character.Ctrl-DDelete a single character.Router$ value for customers, employees, and partners.Ctrl-P or Up ArrowLast (previous) command recall.Ctrl-N or Down ArrowM

45、ore recent command recall.Router show historyShow command buffer contents.Router terminal history size lines Set session command buffer size.wg_ro_a#show versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986

46、-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base: 0 x03050C84, data-base: 0 x00001000ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE(fc1)wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restar

47、ted by reloadSystem image file is flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin(output omitted)-More-Configuration register is 0 x2102ConsoleIOSSetup Utilityshowstartup-configshowrunning-configConfigurationConfigurationRAMNVRAMwg_ro_c#show startup-configUsing 1359 out of 32762 bytes!version 12.0!- More -wg_ro_c#show r

48、unning-configBuilding configuration.Current configuration:!version 12.0!- More -In NVRAMIn RAMRouter(config)#RouterenableRouter#config termExitCtrl-Z (end)Configuration ModePromptInterfaceRouter(config-if)#SubinterfaceRouter(config-subif)#ControllerRouter(config-controller)#LineRouter(config-line)#R

49、outerRouter(config-router)#IPX router Router(config-ipx-router)#wg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#copy running-config startup-configDestination filename startup-config?Building configurationwg_ro_c#Router NameRouter(config)#hostname wg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#Message of the Day Bannerwg_ro_c(config)#banner motd # Account

50、ing Department You have entered a secured system. Authorized access only! #Router NameRouter(config)#hostname wg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#Message-of-the-Day Bannerwg_ro_c(config)#banner motd # Accounting Department You have entered a secured system. Authorized access only! #Interface Descriptionwg_ro_c(c

51、onfig)#interface ethernet 0wg_ro_c(config-if)#description Engineering LAN, Bldg. 18Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password ciscoConsole Password Virtual Terminal Password Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password sanj

52、oseRouter(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password ciscoConsole Password Virtual Terminal Password Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password sanjoseEnable Password Router(config)#enable password ciscoSecret PasswordRouter(con

53、fig)#enable secret sanfranRouter(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0 Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#logging synchronous Prevents console session timeout Redisplays interrupted console inputRouter(config)#interface type numberRouter(config-if)# type includes s

54、erial, ethernet, token ring, fddi, hssi, loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, and tunnel number is used to identify individual interfacesRouter(config-if)#exit Quits from current interface configuration modeRouter(config)#interface type slot/portRouter(config-if)# For modular routersRouter(confi

55、g)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#Router#configure termRouter(config)#Specify interfaceRouter(config-if)#clock rate 64000Router(config-if)#Router(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#Router#configure termRouter(config)#Router(config-if)#bandwidth 64Router(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#

56、exitRouter#Specify InterfaceSet Clock Rate (on DCE Interfaces Only)Set Bandwidth (Recommended)Router#show interface serial 0Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is HD64570 Internet address is /24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC

57、, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 00:00:09, output 00:00:04, output hang never Last clearing of show interface counters never Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Co

58、nversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec(output omitted) BW 64 Kbit,address is /24Router(config)#interface ethernet 2Router(config-if)#

59、media-type 10baset Selects the media-type connector for the Ethernet interfaceRouter#configure termRouter(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Seria0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up Enables

60、an interface that is administratively shut downRouter#configure termRouter(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to administratively down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down Administratively t