從多元系統(tǒng)理論角度看五四前后的外國文學翻譯

1、從多元系統(tǒng)理論角度看五四前后的外國文學翻譯從多元系統(tǒng)理論角度看五四前后的外國從多元系統(tǒng)理論角度看五四前后的外國文學翻譯文學翻譯LiteratureLiterature TranslationTranslation aroundaround thetheMayMay 4 4(th)(th) MovementMovement fromfrom thethePerspectivePerspective ofof PolysystemPolysystem TheoryTheory【作者】 郭萍；【導(dǎo)師】 辛凌；【作者基本信息】 華中師范大學， 英語語言文學， 2004， 碩士【摘要】 五四前后的外國文

2、學翻譯早就引起了學術(shù)界的關(guān)注，著書立卷者頗多。盡管其中有不少優(yōu)異著作，但是目前為止鮮有人從最新的多元系統(tǒng)理論角度來探討這段特殊歷史時期的外國文學翻譯。相信本文是首篇以多元系統(tǒng)理論為依據(jù)，對五四前后(1898 年1927 年)外國文學翻譯系統(tǒng)的意識形態(tài)、翻譯規(guī)范、翻譯文學形式庫和經(jīng)典性進行描述性研究的論文。 本論文的基本理論框架是佐哈的多元系統(tǒng)理論，輔之以操縱學派代表勒菲維爾的意識形態(tài)觀和描寫學派代表圖里的翻譯規(guī)范理論。多元系統(tǒng)理論把各種社會符號視為一個開放的、動態(tài)的由多個系統(tǒng)組成的大系統(tǒng)。在這一理論框架中，翻譯文學系統(tǒng)被視為文化多元系統(tǒng)的一個部分，它的行為模式有時與它在整個文化多元系統(tǒng)中的位置

3、有關(guān)；它處于中心時，會參與創(chuàng)造革新的一級模式，而不惜打破本國文化的傳統(tǒng)規(guī)范；處于邊緣時，就套用本國文化保守的二級模式。而翻譯文學系統(tǒng)在文化多元系統(tǒng)中的運作方式、地位和作用都是受制于翻譯文學的并存系統(tǒng)意識形態(tài)和翻譯規(guī)范的。換句話說，意識形態(tài)制約著翻譯規(guī)范，也操縱著翻譯文學的經(jīng)典性。 五四前后的翻譯文學經(jīng)歷了從中國文學系統(tǒng)的邊緣走向中心的一個特殊過程。本文概述了當時外國文學翻譯的發(fā)展及特點：翻譯文學體裁日益完善；文學意識逐漸加強；翻譯方法由譯述、編譯發(fā)展到全譯，并引起了長時間的直譯、意譯之爭；同時，翻譯文體對新文學運動產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。另外，作者還介紹了當時外國文學翻譯的歷史背景，部分具有代表性的翻

4、譯文學名家和他們的翻譯思想。 本論文的重點在于從多元系統(tǒng)理論角度來描述五四前后兩個階段的外國文學翻譯。五四前(18981919)，翻譯文學處于中國文學系統(tǒng)的邊緣。文學翻譯的目的往往是借鑒外國的思想和文明，翻譯文學觀念淡漠?！八枷雴⒚伞焙汀跋矈蕵贰背蔀榱水敃r文學翻譯的選擇規(guī)范。譯作受目的語規(guī)范的制約，但翻譯過程中隨意操縱的現(xiàn)象嚴重，從而形成了五四前保守的翻譯文學形式庫和靜態(tài)經(jīng)典性，即某些外國翻譯文學作品的文本被奉為經(jīng)典，但是它們的瞥糕糕文學模式并沒有被中國創(chuàng)作文學吸收。五四后(1919-1927)，西方各種思潮涌入中國，“文學改革”和“反映現(xiàn)實”的文學作品成為翻譯選擇的主流，譯作竭力充分表現(xiàn)原

5、文，從而形成了五四后改革的翻譯文學形式庫和動態(tài)經(jīng)典性，翻譯文學走進中國文學系統(tǒng)的中心。 最后，論文也提及了本個案研究所反映出的多元系統(tǒng)理論的一些缺失。比如佐哈的理論似乎有些空泛，顯得證據(jù)不足;他倡導(dǎo)的方法限制了他自己的研究:他似乎忽視了譯者的主觀能動性等等。 更多還原【Abstract】 Literature translation around the May 4th Movement haslong attracted the attention of the domestic academia. There are manymonographs and papers on it, inc

6、luding some enlightening works. Butup till now, few people have conducted the researches into theliterature translation during this peculiar period of time from theperspective of the latest polysystem theory. This thesis isbelieved to be among the first investigations devoted to ideology,translation

7、 norms, translated literary repertoire and canonicity ofthe literature translation around the May 4th Movement (1898-1927) inthe light of polysystem theory.Assisted by Lefeveres idea aboutideology and Tourys theory of translation norms, this thesis takesadvantage of polysystem theory as the fundamen

8、tal theory frame.Polysystem theory views a variety of semiotic phenomena as systems.Translated literary system is regarded as an element of culturalpolysystem in this theory. Its behavior modes are sometimes affectedby what position it occupies in cultural polysystem. When it is inthe center, it wil

9、l take part in creating primary type, and breakthe traditional norms in the target-oriented culture. When it is inthe position of periphery, it will be applicable to the conservativesecondary type. This changes of modes, and the positions andfunctions of translated literature are all determined by i

10、deology andtranslation norms, in another word, ideology restricts translationnorms, and in turn, they altogether control canonicity of translatedliterature.Translated literature around the May 4th Movementexperienced a special process in the history of Chinese literature.It moved from the periphery

11、to the center of Chinese literature. Thisthesis describes the development and characteristics of literaturetranslation at that time: the genres of translated literature wereimproved; literary consciousness was developed; translation methodsdeveloped from adapted translation to complete translation,

12、and hencecaused the debate on free translation and literal translation;translated literatureinfluenced Chinese new literature on a largescale. Moreover, the thesis mentions the. historical background ofliterature translation, some representatives of the translators andtheir theories during this peri

13、od.The core of this thesis is thedescription of literature translation around the May 4th Movementfrom the perspective of polysystem theory. During the former periodof time (1898-1919), translated literature was on the periphery ofthe Chinese literary polysystem. The purpose of literaturetranslation

14、 was to draw on the ideas and civilizations from theforeign countries. Enlightening and entertaining became thecriteria for the selection of literary works to be translated. Thetranslations were restricted by the target-oriented norms, and thephenomena of disorder in literature translation were rath

15、er common.So the ideology and translation norms resulted in the conservativeliterary repertoire and the static canonicity before the May 4thMovement. That is, some translated literary works were regarded ascanons at the level of texts, but their models had not been employedby Chinese literary creati

16、on. During the latter period (19191927),with various ideas and thoughts pouring and streaming into China,innovative and realistic literary works turned to be themainstream and became the criteria of selection. Translators managedto pursue the adequacy of the source texts, which led to theinnovative

17、literary repertoire and the dynamic canonicity after theMay 4th Movement. Translated literature eventually moved into thecenter of Chinese literary polysystem.Besides, the author gives someideas about the deficiencies of polysystem theory. First, Even-Zohartends to propose universals based on very l

18、ittle evidence. Then, hismethodology limits the scope of his investigation. Finally, it seemsthat polysystem theory pays little attention to the effects of thetranslators subjectivity. 更多還原【關(guān)鍵詞】 多元系統(tǒng)論； 意識形態(tài)； 翻譯規(guī)范； 文學形式庫； 經(jīng)典性；【Key words】 polysystem theory； ideology； translation norms；literary reperto

19、ire； canonicity；參考文獻：“張谷若誕辰百年紀念暨外國文學翻譯研討會”在煙臺舉行格式：pdf | 發(fā)布者：花兒我最紅花兒我最紅 | 發(fā)布時間：2010-09-12一幅中國外國文學翻譯史的全景圖評查明建、謝天振合著的中國 20 世紀外國文學翻譯史格式：pdf | 發(fā)布者：太陽下的黑夜 | 發(fā)布時間：2010-10-14今年 2 月份，湖北教育出版社隆重推出了由查明建、謝天振合著的中國 20 世紀外國文學翻譯史（上、下卷）。作為“中華翻譯研究叢書”國家“十五”重點圖書之一，此書“內(nèi)容豐.文革期間的外國文學翻譯格式：pdf | 發(fā)布者：花兒我最紅花兒我最紅 | 發(fā)布時間：2010-09

20、-12人們習慣用“一片空白”來描述文革期間的外國文學翻譯狀況。實際上，在此期間文學翻譯仍然以一種畸形的狀態(tài)存在著。按當時主流意識形態(tài)的接受程度，這期間外國文學譯作的存在.從目的論看中國近代外國文學翻譯中的民族文化心理格式：pdf | 發(fā)布者：喜歡自助餐的人 | 發(fā)布時間：2010-11-08特殊的歷史環(huán)境決定了近代文學翻譯在整個中國翻譯史中重要而特殊的地位和作用。德國功能翻譯理論中的目的論為我們研究近代中國文學翻譯中的民族文化心理提供了有力的理論參照.從多元系統(tǒng)理論角度看五四前后的外國從多元系統(tǒng)理論角度看五四前后的外國文學翻譯文學翻譯LiteratureLiterature Translati

21、onTranslation aroundaround thetheMayMay 4 4(th)(th) MovementMovement fromfrom thethePerspectivePerspective ofof PolysystemPolysystem TheoryTheory【作者】 郭萍；【導(dǎo)師】 辛凌；【作者基本信息】 華中師范大學， 英語語言文學， 2004， 碩士【摘要】 五四前后的外國文學翻譯早就引起了學術(shù)界的關(guān)注，著書立卷者頗多。盡管其中有不少優(yōu)異著作，但是目前為止鮮有人從最新的多元系統(tǒng)理論角度來探討這段特殊歷史時期的外國文學翻譯。相信本文是首篇以多元系統(tǒng)理論為依據(jù)，

22、對五四前后(1898 年1927 年)外國文學翻譯系統(tǒng)的意識形態(tài)、翻譯規(guī)范、翻譯文學形式庫和經(jīng)典性進行描述性研究的論文。 本論文的基本理論框架是佐哈的多元系統(tǒng)理論，輔之以操縱學派代表勒菲維爾的意識形態(tài)觀和描寫學派代表圖里的翻譯規(guī)范理論。多元系統(tǒng)理論把各種社會符號視為一個開放的、動態(tài)的由多個系統(tǒng)組成的大系統(tǒng)。在這一理論框架中，翻譯文學系統(tǒng)被視為文化多元系統(tǒng)的一個部分，它的行為模式有時與它在整個文化多元系統(tǒng)中的位置有關(guān)；它處于中心時，會參與創(chuàng)造革新的一級模式，而不惜打破本國文化的傳統(tǒng)規(guī)范；處于邊緣時，就套用本國文化保守的二級模式。而翻譯文學系統(tǒng)在文化多元系統(tǒng)中的運作方式、地位和作用都是受制于翻譯文

23、學的并存系統(tǒng)意識形態(tài)和翻譯規(guī)范的。換句話說，意識形態(tài)制約著翻譯規(guī)范，也操縱著翻譯文學的經(jīng)典性。 五四前后的翻譯文學經(jīng)歷了從中國文學系統(tǒng)的邊緣走向中心的一個特殊過程。本文概述了當時外國文學翻譯的發(fā)展及特點：翻譯文學體裁日益完善；文學意識逐漸加強；翻譯方法由譯述、編譯發(fā)展到全譯，并引起了長時間的直譯、意譯之爭；同時，翻譯文體對新文學運動產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。另外，作者還介紹了當時外國文學翻譯的歷史背景，部分具有代表性的翻譯文學名家和他們的翻譯思想。 本論文的重點在于從多元系統(tǒng)理論角度來描述五四前后兩個階段的外國文學翻譯。五四前(18981919)，翻譯文學處于中國文學系統(tǒng)的邊緣。文學翻譯的目的往往是借鑒

24、外國的思想和文明，翻譯文學觀念淡漠?！八枷雴⒚伞焙汀跋矈蕵贰背蔀榱水敃r文學翻譯的選擇規(guī)范。譯作受目的語規(guī)范的制約，但翻譯過程中隨意操縱的現(xiàn)象嚴重，從而形成了五四前保守的翻譯文學形式庫和靜態(tài)經(jīng)典性，即某些外國翻譯文學作品的文本被奉為經(jīng)典，但是它們的瞥糕糕文學模式并沒有被中國創(chuàng)作文學吸收。五四后(1919-1927)，西方各種思潮涌入中國，“文學改革”和“反映現(xiàn)實”的文學作品成為翻譯選擇的主流，譯作竭力充分表現(xiàn)原文，從而形成了五四后改革的翻譯文學形式庫和動態(tài)經(jīng)典性，翻譯文學走進中國文學系統(tǒng)的中心。 最后，論文也提及了本個案研究所反映出的多元系統(tǒng)理論的一些缺失。比如佐哈的理論似乎有些空泛，顯得證據(jù)

25、不足;他倡導(dǎo)的方法限制了他自己的研究:他似乎忽視了譯者的主觀能動性等等。 更多還原【Abstract】 Literature translation around the May 4th Movement haslong attracted the attention of the domestic academia. There are manymonographs and papers on it, including some enlightening works. Butup till now, few people have conducted the researches into

26、 theliterature translation during this peculiar period of time from theperspective of the latest polysystem theory. This thesis isbelieved to be among the first investigations devoted to ideology,translation norms, translated literary repertoire and canonicity ofthe literature translation around the

27、 May 4th Movement (1898-1927) inthe light of polysystem theory.Assisted by Lefeveres idea aboutideology and Tourys theory of translation norms, this thesis takesadvantage of polysystem theory as the fundamental theory frame.Polysystem theory views a variety of semiotic phenomena as systems.Translate

28、d literary system is regarded as an element of culturalpolysystem in this theory. Its behavior modes are sometimes affectedby what position it occupies in cultural polysystem. When it is inthe center, it will take part in creating primary type, and breakthe traditional norms in the target-oriented c

29、ulture. When it is inthe position of periphery, it will be applicable to the conservativesecondary type. This changes of modes, and the positions andfunctions of translated literature are all determined by ideology andtranslation norms, in another word, ideology restricts translationnorms, and in tu

30、rn, they altogether control canonicity of translatedliterature.Translated literature around the May 4th Movementexperienced a special process in the history of Chinese literature.It moved from the periphery to the center of Chinese literature. Thisthesis describes the development and characteristics

31、 of literaturetranslation at that time: the genres of translated literature wereimproved; literary consciousness was developed; translation methodsdeveloped from adapted translation to complete translation, and hencecaused the debate on free translation and literal translation;translated literaturei

32、nfluenced Chinese new literature on a largescale. Moreover, the thesis mentions the. historical background ofliterature translation, some representatives of the translators andtheir theories during this period.The core of this thesis is thedescription of literature translation around the May 4th Mov

33、ementfrom the perspective of polysystem theory. During the former periodof time (1898-1919), translated literature was on the periphery ofthe Chinese literary polysystem. The purpose of literaturetranslation was to draw on the ideas and civilizations from theforeign countries. Enlightening and enter

34、taining became thecriteria for the selection of literary works to be translated. Thetranslations were restricted by the target-oriented norms, and thephenomena of disorder in literature translation were rather common.So the ideology and translation norms resulted in the conservativeliterary repertoi

35、re and the static canonicity before the May 4thMovement. That is, some translated literary works were regarded ascanons at the level of texts, but their models had not been employedby Chinese literary creation. During the latter period (19191927),with various ideas and thoughts pouring and streaming into China,innovative and realistic literary works turned to be themainstream and became the criteria of selection. Translators managedto pursue the ad