色溫調(diào)整對銀河攝影效果影響的實驗研究

1、What (other life events are celebrated in China? (e.g., marriage, graduation from university, starting your first job FQ Do people in China celebrate retirement from work? FQ Life After RetirementIs there a certain age when people must retire in China? Do you think this is a suitable age? How do peo

2、ple in China spend their retirement years? Do older people (e.g., over 45 years of age have any problems finding work in China? How do you think an aging population (= older average age of the population as a result of many more old people will affect society? FQ Whats the attitude in China towards

3、old people? FQ 76.  Something You Made by Hand Describe something you made by hand (either alone or with othersYou should say:what it waswhere (and when you made ithow you made it              and explain why you ma

4、de it. *                           or               and explain how satisfied you were with your wor

5、k. * Notes It is not certain that the words either alone or with others are used. In fact, the word yourself might be emphasized. This could be an old topic that has been put back into circulation, exactly as used before. That is, it might not be a variation of a previously used topic. -  Part

6、3Handmade versus Machine-Made ProductsIs your hometown famous for any handmade products? Compare handmade and machine-made products. FQ Which do people prefer to buy/use? (Similar to above Which are better? What are some examples of things that are (best made by hand and some things that are (best m

7、ade using machines? (The words best suited or most suitable might be used. FQ Compare the things that are handmade today with what used to be handmade many years ago. What things do you think will continue to be made by hand in the future? Why do some people prefer to make something themselves rathe

8、r than buy it ready-made from a shop? * SkillsTo make something by hand, does a person need to have any special skills or talent? To make something by hand, what do you need? (Hint: knowledge, plan or method; time; materials; tools; some creativity 色溫調(diào)整對銀河攝影效果影響的實驗研究What is the value of encouraging

9、the development of creativity in children? * 摘要：77.  Someone Who Does Something Well  Describe someone (you know who does something very well.You should say:who the person iswhat (skill they do very wellhow you know this person在暑期天文攝影實踐中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一張銀河照片的色彩與眾不同，非常漂亮。通過對拍攝數(shù)據(jù)的認(rèn)真分析，我們終于找到了產(chǎn)生差異

10、的原因色溫不同。于是我們提出了調(diào)整色溫改變數(shù)碼銀河攝影作品的效果的方法，并在實踐中對這個方法進行了實際檢驗，懂得了天文攝影中也需要適當(dāng)?shù)貙ι珳剡M行調(diào)整。在4              and explain how this person does this skill so well. *  Notes If the words on any card are 'someone you know' then you should

11、 talk about someone who you know personally, such as a friend, family member, classmate, work colleague or neighbour. If you choose to talk about someone such as Yao Ming, you are showing that you don't fully understand the meaning of 'know someone'. In the case of famous people such as

12、Yao Ming, it is more correct to say that you 'know about him' or, you 'know of him' but you don't really 'know him'. -  Is this skill popular in China? Do you know anyone else with this skill? Do you also have this skill? -  Part 3Ability and SkillsWhat are some

13、 of the most important (the most popular skills that people learn in China?  FQ (Similar to above What skills and abilities are most respected or admired in China?  FQ What skills and abilities do you think will be most in demand in the future? Why? FQX2 Do you think a person's abiliti

14、es are biologically inherited from his or her parents or are learned in early childhood? FQ Difficult Question Can you think of any skills that can be learned at home and are not taught in school? (I.e. some practical skills. See Topic #17. Are there any skills that you think should be added to univ

15、ersity courses in China? Skills and Income What are some skills (or abilities that people with a higher income often have? FQ Do you think it is reasonable that these people receive such a high income? 關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)碼相機 色溫 白平衡 銀河攝影一、 問題的提出09年暑假，我們來到黃山進行天文風(fēng)光攝影實踐創(chuàng)作活動。盡管山頂?shù)奶炜诊L(fēng)云多變，我們還是抓住了天開云散的機會，用數(shù)碼相機拍攝下了許多優(yōu)美的照片

16、。在照片回放中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，肉眼看來白色的銀河出現(xiàn)了色彩，特別是其中一張云縫中的銀河，色彩豐富迷人。我們覺得非常奇怪，為什么只有這張照片上的銀河色彩如此絢麗呢？在今后的拍攝中怎樣才能拍攝出同樣美麗的銀河呢？我們決定對這個問題進行研究。二、 研究的方法：文獻研究法、對比實驗法三、 研究的過程（一） 假設(shè)的提出1、初步分析對于銀河照片色彩產(chǎn)生差異的原因，我們共提出三種猜想。其一：設(shè)備的不同；其二：曝光量的不同；其三：其他參數(shù)設(shè)定的不同。但是在反復(fù)思索之后，三種假設(shè)又都被我們自己推翻了。因為盡管我們適用了不同的相機，但是就拍攝出云中銀河的一臺相機而言，在拍攝的7、8張照片中，也只有這一張色彩獨特，其它照

17、片與其他設(shè)備拍攝的作品色彩效果類似，因此排除了假設(shè)一。我們又查閱了這臺相機的拍攝數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)曝光量確實有所變化。但是無論曝光量比它多、比它少還是與它相同，色彩也都明顯與這張照片不同，找不到任何規(guī)律。因此可以排除假設(shè)二。在老師的幫助下，我們利用電腦查閱了每張數(shù)碼銀河照片的屬性中的摘要中的所有內(nèi)容，發(fā)現(xiàn)除了曝光量以外，其它參數(shù)的設(shè)定竟然完全一致，所以更不可能產(chǎn)生照片色彩的差異。我們只好這樣想：云有改變數(shù)碼銀河攝影作品色彩效果的作用。2、初步驗證為了驗證我們的初步想法，在后來的日子里我們兩次到北京延慶山區(qū)進行了驗證性的拍攝。這兩次我們都選擇了天空有薄云的天氣，拍攝時盡量挑選有云和無云的不同條件進行，用

18、同樣的鏡頭和同樣的參數(shù)進行拍攝，結(jié)果和我們設(shè)想的一致，在無云的時候，銀河色彩單一；在有云的時候，銀河色彩要豐富一些。由于這兩天的云并不是很多，沒有拍攝出像云中銀河一樣的照片。3、初步結(jié)論在進行數(shù)碼銀河攝影時，其它條件相同的情況下，畫面中云的存在可以改變銀河的色彩效果。云量越大，銀河的色彩越豐富，效果越好。4、新問題的提出盡管初步結(jié)論得到了驗證，但是我們總覺得有個關(guān)鍵的問題沒有得到解決。為什么有云就能改變銀河的色彩？可能揭開這個謎底才是我們想要的真正的答案。5、發(fā)現(xiàn)問題為了找到改變數(shù)碼銀河攝影色彩的真正原因，我們一起從拍攝的環(huán)節(jié)入手，一項一項檢查可能被改變的拍攝參數(shù)。拍攝參數(shù)及調(diào)整工作步驟如下：

19、1、 準(zhǔn)備工作：包括支起三腳架、打開相機電源、摘掉鏡頭蓋、安裝快門線等等。2、 將曝光方式、對焦模式都調(diào)到手動檔。3、 調(diào)整快門至“B”門， 對焦無限遠。4、 確定曝光時間。5、 拍攝這樣看來，云對于我們以上工作中的任何一個步驟的調(diào)整都不存在干預(yù)。但我們相信，一定還存在著一個能夠自動變化的參數(shù)，會因為云的存在而發(fā)生改變。只不過這個參數(shù)一般情況下我們不去調(diào)整它。我們拿來相機說明書，一頁頁仔細搜索，終于找到了一個很可能變化的參數(shù)。盡管我們在拍攝銀河時自認(rèn)為調(diào)整到了手動狀態(tài)，而實際上還有一個自動功能在工作著，那就是相機的白平衡為自動狀態(tài)。我們提出了一個新的假說，是云改變了相機白平衡，是色彩傾向發(fā)生了

20、變化，從而改變了照片的色彩。而且我們覺得，如果我們的假設(shè)成立的話，很可能我們主動地改變白平衡，就能夠在沒有云的情況下取得和“云中的銀河”一樣的色彩效果。（二） 制定研究方案（見附件）（三） 查閱資料通過攝影書籍和網(wǎng)絡(luò)，我們懂得了什么是色溫、白平衡以及為什么在不同的色溫下，不同的白平衡設(shè)置下，數(shù)碼相機拍攝的同樣對象會呈現(xiàn)出不同的顏色。相機出廠時，白平衡一般設(shè)定為自動狀態(tài)，它會根據(jù)外界光源的色溫進行自動調(diào)節(jié)。在一般情況下，這種調(diào)節(jié)是比較準(zhǔn)確的，但是在一些特殊的情況下，自動白平衡就會失效?？磥砦覀兊牟聹y是完全合理的，這更堅定了我們研究的信心。（四） 實驗驗證1、 模擬實驗時間：2009年9月20日中午地點：北京市東城區(qū)史家胡同小學(xué)內(nèi) 人員：張雪萌、劉瑞君實驗?zāi)康模鹤C實改變白平衡可以改變畫面的顏色傾向?qū)嶒灢牧希合鄼C 鏡頭 三腳架 拍攝對象：下沉式廣場拍攝過程：調(diào)整好相機的設(shè)置，將WB設(shè)置于手動檔。從最低檔2500k開始，一檔一檔向上調(diào)節(jié),直到現(xiàn)在10000k為止。實驗顯示，當(dāng)色