賓語從句詳解及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、賓語從句(Object Clause )一、定義與分類1、在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。2、賓語從句分為三類：動(dòng)詞的賓語從句，介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句3、時(shí)態(tài)：a主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)。b主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。c主句用過去時(shí)，從句是真理時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。二、賓語從句的連接詞1、從屬連詞連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether ，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分。that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句Eg:He told me that he would go to the college the n

2、ext year。他告訴我他下一年上大學(xué)I don ' t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒人知道他是否會(huì)通過考試 .2、連接代詞連接代詞主要有 who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等.連接代詞一般指疑問，但what, whatever 除了指疑問外，也可以指陳述在從句中充當(dāng)名詞性成分。Eg:Do you know who ha

3、s won Red Alert game?你知道誰贏了這一局紅警游戲嗎？我不知道你該依靠誰I don ' t know whom you should depend on.The book will show you what the best CEOs know.這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.Have you determ ined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell pho ne?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎？3、連接副詞連接副詞主要有 when,where,why,how,whenever,w

4、herever,however等在從句中充當(dāng)狀語成分。Eg :He didn ' t tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面Could you please tell me how you read the new pan el?你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎？None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.沒人知道這些新的零件能在哪里買到.三、動(dòng)詞的賓語從句1、大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語從句We all expect that they will win , for

5、members of their team are stro nger.我們都預(yù)料他們會(huì)贏,因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告訴我們?cè)谡麄€(gè)工作中，他都會(huì)幫忙的.2、部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句I have found out that all the tickets for the con cert have bee n sold out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)的所有票都賣光了.你能算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)Can you work out how much we will spe nd

6、duri ng the trip?多少錢嗎？3、動(dòng)詞短語也可以帶賓語從句常見的這些詞有：make sure 確保 make up one ' s mi nd 下決心 keep in mind 牢記Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯(cuò)誤.4、可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候，則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語 從句后置.I thi nk it n eces

7、sary that we take ple nty of hot water every day .我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的I feel it a pity that I haven ' t been to the get-together.我沒去聚會(huì)，感覺非常遺憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣 .We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.我們都認(rèn)為對(duì)這件事馬上做出決定很重要 有些動(dòng)詞帶賓

8、語從句時(shí)需要在賓語與從句前加it，此時(shí)it無實(shí)際意義。這類動(dòng)詞主要有 :hate, take , owe, have, see to.Eg :I hate it whe n they with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話He will have it that our pla n is really practical.他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行We take it that you will agree with us.我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的Whe n you start the engine, you must see to it that

9、 car is in n eutral.開啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置 若賓語從句是 wh-類，則不可用it代替Eg :We all con sider what you said to be un believable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的.四、介詞的賓語從句1、用wh-類的介詞賓語從句Eg :We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加

10、入我們的俱樂部The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書是關(guān)于神州 6號(hào)載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的.2、用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到 that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I know no thi ng about my new n eighbor except that he used to work with a compa ny.對(duì)于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一無所知.四、形容詞的賓語從句常 用 來 引

11、 導(dǎo) 賓 語 從 句 的 形 容 詞 有sure,certa in ,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedEg：I am sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會(huì)通過考試 很抱歉我這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在打擾你I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.He is glad that Li Mi ng went to see him whe n he was ill.他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他.五、if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別 if和whether在作“是否

12、”解時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動(dòng)詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介詞后一般不用if 少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如:leave,put,discuss,doubt 后的賓語從句常用 whether. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用 whether.I can ' t decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。 避免歧異時(shí)，我們常用whether而不用if.六、 哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that1、 當(dāng) that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean

13、,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)；2、當(dāng)賓語從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)；3、 當(dāng)賓語從句前置時(shí)；eg . That our team will win , I believe .4、 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí)，此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略，第二個(gè)that不可以省略；5、 當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是 this,that或this,that做主語的定語時(shí)；6、 當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí)；7、 當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞或主語從句時(shí)；8、 當(dāng)主語中的謂語動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí)；9、當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時(shí)；等，并且主句七、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移1、主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是 think,believe

14、,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致Eg :I don ' t thi nk he will come to my party.而不能說成 I th ink he won ' t come to myparty.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來我的舞會(huì).I don ' t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是 Jim所殺的，是不是？2、如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞

15、，其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.We find that he n ever liste ns to the teacher carefully,does he?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從不仔細(xì)聽老師講課，是不是？八、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序1、當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響2、當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí) 從句用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn' t know what country hewas in.我只知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在西方的一個(gè)國(guó)家讀書，可不知道是哪

16、個(gè)國(guó)家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他問我他進(jìn)來的時(shí)候我是否正在讀<< 老人與海>>. 從句用過去完成時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeti ng already.他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會(huì)議的事情告訴的了Mary. 從句謂語用過去將來時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之后The reporter asked if the gover nment would t

17、ake n ecessary measures to put dow nthe to-do.記者問政府是否會(huì)采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.3、如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理 ，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)4、 當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時(shí)，不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Who do you thi nk the public might choose as their f

18、avorite sin ger this year?你認(rèn)為今年公眾會(huì)選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手5、運(yùn)用虛擬語氣的情況在表示：建議（suggest , advise ）要求（dema nd、desire、require、request、propose）決 定（decide）命令（order、comma nd）堅(jiān)決主張（i nsist）等動(dòng)詞后跟賓語從句，用（should ）+v .（虛擬語氣）eg . I suggested that you （should ） study hard .He ordered that we should go out at once九、學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接

19、詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)。1. 連接詞連接詞一般都是that（指事務(wù)或人）,which （指事）,who （指人）a 從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞 that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。b .從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。在whether or not結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if替換。c.從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,whe n,where,which,who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。2、語序賓語從句一般用陳述語序。當(dāng)who為主語時(shí)，句式為： who+謂語+其他3.判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況:1. 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句為各種時(shí)態(tài)情況。2. 主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句為各種相應(yīng)過去時(shí)態(tài)注意：從句描

20、繪客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。賓語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1 . These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He saidthese flowersfrom Guangdong.2. Light travels faster tha n sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told melightfaster tha n sound.3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn ' t know.Jack didn 

21、9; t knowtherea meeting in five days.4. Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to knowFren ch.5. Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell methe childre ngames.6. Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.Mr. Zhao asked Ma Ganghomework yet.7. How many people can you see in

22、 the picture? Who knows?Who knowsin the picture?8. Where did she park her car? Do you know?Do you knowher car?9. What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl won deredofte nabout.10 . Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don ' t know.I don ' t knowat the door so loudly.11. Does

23、he still live in that street? I do n't know.I don't knowhe stillin that street.12. What's his name? I asked him.I asked him what.13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me.14. Do they want fried chicke n? He asked the boys.He asked the boystheyfried chicke n.15. Was th

24、e watch made in Shan ghai? I don't know.I don't knowthe watchmade in Shan ghai.、選擇填空。()1. What did Mike say? He said.A. if you are free the n ext weekB. what colour was itC. the weather is fineD. summer comes after spri ng()2. Tom asked my friend.A. where was he fromB. that the earth is bigg

25、er tha n the moonC. whe n did he come backD. not to be so angry()3. Let me tell you.A. how much is the carB. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the carD. how much I spe nt on the car()4. Peter knew.A. whether he has fini shed readi ng the bookB. why the boy had so many questi onsC.

26、there were 12 mon ths in a yearD. whe n they will leave for Paris()5. Could you tell me?A. where do you liveB. who you are wait ing forC. who were you wait ing forD. where you live in()6. I can't un dersta ndthe boy alone.A. why she leftB. why did she leave C. why she had leftD. why hadshe left(

27、)7. She told me the sunin the east.A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had rise n()8.1 don't knowup so early last Sun day.A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got()9. The man ager came up to see.A. what was the matterB. what the matter was C. what the matter is D.what's the ma

28、tter()10. He asked his father.A. where it happe nsB. where did it happe nC. how it happe nedD. how did ithappen()11. No one tells us, so we n eed your help.A. how we should doB. what should we doC. how to do itD. what to do it()12. Could you please teach methe computer.A. how check B. to check C. ho

29、w to check D. to how check ing()13.They don't knowtheir pare nts are.A thatB whatC whyD which()14. Where do you thi nkhethe TV set?Sorry, I've no idea.A./, boughtB. has, boughtC. did, buy D. did bought()15. Our homework has cha nged a lot. Who can tellit would be like infive years.(A. how, a

30、no ther B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, ano ther)16. Could you tell me? Yes. Heto the USA.A. where is he/ has bee nB. where he is/ has gone(C. where was he/ has bee nD. where he was/ has gone)17. Mike wants to know ifa pic nic tomorrow.Tes. But if it, we'll visit the museum in stead.A. you

31、have/ will rainB. you will have/ will rainC. you will have/ rainsD. will you have/ rains()18. I really don't know if sheit whe n she.A. fin ds/ arrives B. fin ds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives( )19.Miss Liu saidshe would leave the message on the headmaster” s desk.A

32、. thatB. where C. whichD. what()20. He asked me.A. who will kick the first goal in the World CupB. whe n was the APEC meet ingheldC. whe n Chi na became a member of the WTOD. where the 2008 Olympics willbe held()21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeperWho Moved My Cheesewas anin teresti n

33、g book.A. that B. how C. what D. if()22. You must rememberA. what your teacher saidB. C. your teacher said what()23. I don ” t knowA. which room I can liveC. which room I can live inB. what did your teacher sayD. what has your teacher saidB. which room can I liveD. which room can I live in()24.Do yo

34、u know whe n hebackD. will come ;Sorry , I don ” t . When heback , I ” II tell you .A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come C. will come ; comes will come()25 The girls asked if theysome food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take()26 Mary said that sheto Guan gzhou.A. has n ever go

35、ne B. had n ever goneC. has n ever bee n D. had n ever bee n()27 The stude nts want to know whether theya PE class today.A. had B. hasC. will have D. are()28. Can you tell meyou were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. whe n D. that()29 .I don't knowthey have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. whe n D.

36、where()30. Do you knowthey liste ned to yesterday eve ning?A. whatB whe nC why D how三、用合適的連接詞填空。1. Jim told mehe did n't go fish ing yesterday after noon.(how, why )2. Do you knowelse is going to be on duty today?(who, whom )3. She saidit would n't matter much. (that, if )4. He always thinks

37、he can do better. (how, who )5. I really don't knowthe bridge will be fini shed.(how long, how soon )6. They don't knowto go or wait. (if, whether)7. We are talking aboutwe ' ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)8.1 was really surprised atI saw. (where, what)9. I don't knowso many peopl

38、e are look ing at him. (how, why)10. Do you knowyou are study ing for? (why, what)四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1. “Do you want to try it? ” Tom's mother asked him.( 同義句)Tom's mother asked himto try it.2. I thi nk this is a good idea.(改為否定句)Ithisa good idea.3. Lucy has n't decided which trousers to buy.(改為復(fù)合句)

39、Lucy has n't decidedbuy.4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.(改為簡(jiǎn)單句)I don't knowto the hospital.5. I don ' t suppose they will come,?( 改為反意疑問句)五、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1. We are sure that he(go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who(be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you t

40、ell me where the post office(is)?4. Our father said that he(will) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he(swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father(work).7. He said that he(fini sh) his work already.8. They thought they could(hike) to the top of the mountain.9. He was glad

41、that so many people(help) him.10. She doesn ' t know whether(go) or wait.1. These wild flowers are so special I would doI can to save them.A. whatever B. thatC. whichD. whichever2. A computer can only doyou have in structed it to do.A. howB. afterC. whatD. whe n3. I read about it in some book or

42、 other, does it matterit was?A. whereB. what C. how D . which4. I think it ' s going to be a big problem. Yes, it could be.I won der we can do about it.A. ifB. howC. whatD. that5. This depe nds onthe weather is fine.A. whichB. whetherC. ifD. that6. Could I speak tois in charge of International S

43、ales please?A. whoB. whatC whoeverD. whatever7. Parents are taught to understandimportant education is to their children' sfuture.A. thatB. howC. suchD. so8. The roadis covered withsnow. I cant understandthey insist on going bymotor-bike.A whyB whetherC whe nD how9. The other day, my brother dro

44、ve his car dow n the street atI thought was adan gerous speed.A. as B. whichC. whatD. thathe or she wants.10. It is gen erally con sidered un wise to give a childA. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whereverhe thought was not eno ugh.A. whereB. howC. what D. which12. I was surprised byher words, w

45、hichmade me recognizesilly mistakes I had11. The shopkeeper did not want to sell formade.A. whatB. thatC. howD. which13. The way he did it was differe ntwe were used to.A. in which B . in what C. from whatD. from which14. The poor young man is ready to accepthelp he can get.A. whichever B . however

46、C . whatever D . whenever15. Mary wrote an article onthe team had failed to win the game.A. why B. what C. who D. that16. Some people believeis easier for small countries to become strong and rich thanfor largeA. that; countryB. it; one C. that; coun triesD. it; ones17. I don ' t knowMr. Green w

47、ill come to see us. He ' ll help us with our English.18.A. whyBe careful! DonB. whe nC. howD. where't break the bottles. Do you hearI said? David?Yes, MumA. what B. thatC. why D. if19. Do you kn owMr. Black ' s address is?He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I'm not sure

48、ofA. where, whichB. where, whatC. what, whichD. what, where20. Are you in terested in?A. how did he do itB. he did it howC. how he did itD. he how did it21 .The how-to book can be of help towants to do the job.A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever22. I findimporta nt that we practice En gli

49、sh every day.A. itB. thisC. thatD. what23. What did you pare nts think about your decisi on?They always let me doI thi nk I should.A. whe nB. thatC. howD. what24. Please remi nd mehe said he was goin g. I may be in time to see him off.A. whereB. whe nC. howD. what25. Mary wrote an article onthe team

50、 had failed to win the game.B. whatC. who D . that26. Some one is ringing the doorbell Go and seeA .who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is27. I want to knowhe can come here on time.A. whoB. whenC. whereD. if28. I ' d like knowyou want best.A.thatB.whatC. whichD. where29. The teacher asked the new st