大學(xué)英語講義

1、Unit One 詞匯的掌握考試大綱詞匯要求 掌握4250個單詞和500個常用詞組 復(fù)用式掌握其中的1800常用單詞和200個詞組 派生詞 試題中詞匯語法題占20分 The newly promoted assistant manager expressed a wish to be _ to the London branch.（2005年）A exchangedB transmittedC transferredD movedA 交換 B 傳送 C 調(diào)動 D 搬到 _ your jacket, please. The room is very warm. （2005年）A Take off

2、B Take afterC Take upD Take onA 脫掉 B 與相似 C 開始 D 呈現(xiàn) David was completely _ by his robbers disguise. （2005，天津） A take downB taken on C taken inD taken up A 寫下 B 呈現(xiàn) C 欺騙 D 占據(jù) The doctor _ me to the danger of not getting enough rest while working overtime. （2005年）A alertedB remindedC ledD persuaded A. 警

3、告 B 提醒 C 引導(dǎo) D 勸說短語: alert sb. to sth. 警告例句 (2005，廣東) Over a third of the population in that African country was estimated to have no _ to the health service.A. excessB. successC. processD. access A. 過度 B. 成功 C. 過程 D. 接近（機會）例句 （2005年）There is nothing _ about a native English-speaking teacher except t

4、hat he speaks Englisheasily and well. A particularB special C specificD especial重點詞匯講解重點詞匯講解易混相似詞和詞組辨析易混相似詞和詞組辨析1. access; excess; success; process access: 進入；利用的權(quán)利（機會） excess: 過分；過度 success: 成功 process: 過程； 經(jīng)過；2. accuse; remind; inform; rob; suspect; convince用法相同的： accuse sb. of sth. 指控 remind sb.

5、of sth. 提醒 inform sb. of 通知 rob sb. of. 搶劫 suspect sb. of 懷疑. convince sb. of 讓 相信Ex: - We accused him of stealing the book. - The picture reminded me of the old days. - The teacher informed us of the meeting next week. - The man robbed the old lady of her purse. be accustomed to + 名詞名詞/Ving; be use

6、d to +名詞名詞/Ving 習(xí)慣于習(xí)慣于比較：比較：used to + 動詞動詞 過去常常做過去常常做3Ex: - We are accustomed to the weather here. - He is used to living in the big city now. - He used to help me when I was in trouble. - We used not to go fishing on Sunday.4. adopt; adapt; adjust; adopt: 收養(yǎng)， 采納， 采用詞組：adopt sth. 采納 adopt sb. 收養(yǎng)某人 a

7、dapt: 使適應(yīng); 改編詞組： adapt （oneself) to sth. 適應(yīng) EX: - He adopted our suggestion. (他采納了我們的建議.) - Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. （他們自己沒有孩子，所以決定收養(yǎng)一個小女孩。） - The boy adapted himself to the life here. 例句 (2005年） The new immigrants found it hard to_ themselves to

8、 the climate of the country.A adoptB adaptC regulateD coordinate adjust: 調(diào)節(jié)；適應(yīng) 用法：adjust (oneself) to + 名詞名詞EX: - She soon adjusted herself to his way of life. 她很快使自己適應(yīng)了他的生活方式。5. advance; progress; 進展 詞組： make progress 取得進步 make an advance/make advances 取得進步Ex: - We have made progress these days. -

9、He has made advances both in work and in study.6. able; capable; competent able: 做事所需的力量，技巧詞組：be able to do sth. （能夠做) capable: 滿足一般需要的能力詞組：be capable of doing sth. （能夠做) competent: 勝任的詞組：be competent to do sth. be competent for sth. 7. available; applicable; approachable; attainable available (to):

10、 可用的， 可獲得的 applicable (to): 適用的；可應(yīng)用的； approachable: 可接近的；可進入的 attainable: 可到達(dá)的；可達(dá)成的p available: 可用的;可獲得的EX: - Breakfast is available to fishermen from 6. a.m. 從上午六點起漁民有早餐供應(yīng). - There are three small boats available for hire. 有三置小船可供租用.例句 （2006年） Powerful computers _ translating documents from one lan

11、guage into the other have recently been developed in Japan.A able toB available toC capable ofD liable to 例句None of the servants were _ when Mr.Smith wanted to send a message.A availableB applicableC approachableD attainable liable: 易于.的; 易患. 短語：be liable to do sth. 易于.的Ex: - We are liable to make m

12、istakes. 短語: be liable to sth. 易患. Ex: - A baby is liable to diseases. 嬰兒易患疾病.8. afford的用法 與can 或could 連用；不能單獨使用p can/could afford sth. 買得起；承擔(dān)得起；Ex: - I can afford the bike. 我買得起這個自行車。p can/could afford to do sth. 承擔(dān)得起做 Ex： - How can I afford (to spend) so much money for a car? 我怎么付得起這么多錢買這部車？9. alo

13、ne, lonely alone: 副詞 單獨地； adj. 單獨的 （只作表語） lonely: adj. 孤單的， （作表語和定語） Ex： - I spent a lot of time alone. - You are not alone any longer. - a lonely island 例句 I shall have a companion in the house after all these _ years. A lonelyB sole C singleD alone10. effective; efficient; efficacious effective: 有

14、效的， 有影響力的 efficient: 效率高的， 有效率的 efficacious: 有效驗的EX： - take effective measures 采取有效措施 - effective medicine - The telephone system is highly efficient. (這個電話系統(tǒng)效率很高。） 例 句 One of the most _ ways of improvinglistening comprehension is by watchingtelevision. A specificB effective C specialD efficient例句Th

15、ey took _ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.A beneficialB effectiveC fruitfulD valid effect (名詞&動詞） 影響，結(jié)果 詞組： have an effect on sth. (對 有影響）EX： - The medicine has a good effect on me. (這種藥對我有良好的功效。） affect (動詞）影響 - The noise from the street affected our work. （馬路上的噪音影響我們工作。） Her mind

16、 was so _ by the disease that she could not remember who she was.A influenceB acted C effectedD affected Examples: influence & effect (正面) 影響 affect (負(fù)面)影響 act 起作用;行動- Does the drug take long to act?- In this case we acted properly and responsibly. 在這件事上我們做得恰當(dāng),而且是負(fù)責(zé)任的.11. arise; raise; rise; arouse

17、arise: 出現(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生 raise: 使 上升； 提高； rise: 上升， 升起 arouse: 喚起； 激起；例句 （2007，北京） With oil prices keeping _, people are hesitating whether to buy a car or not.A risingB arisingC raisingD arousing raise: 增加;提高; 栽培;撫育 Ex: - raise the rent of the room 提高房租 - raise the standard of living 提高生活水準(zhǔn) - raise wheat 種小麥 -

18、 raise a child 養(yǎng)小孩 arouse: 喚起;激起Ex: - The book arouses my interest in English. (這本書引起我對英語的興趣.) - arouse anxiety/curiosity/suspicion (引起不安/好奇心/懷疑)12. reward; grant; allowance; pension; fund; reward: 酬金 grant: 助學(xué)金，獎學(xué)金 allowance: 津貼，補貼例句 (2006年) All the British universities receive some government _ ex

19、cept Buckingham. A allowanceB grants C fundingD cooperation例句 （2005年）Life presents many barriers, and all too oftenthose who work hardest may not receive great_. A rewardsB grants C allowanceD praise 13. reward & award (動詞)reward: 報答;答謝;獎賞詞組: reward sb. with sth. - The teacher rewarded the student w

20、ith a computer. (老師獎賞這個學(xué)生一臺電腦.) award: 授予;獎勵;獎賞 用法: award sth. to sb. award sb. sth. EX: - The judges awarded the first prize to her for her picture. - The judges awarded her the first prize for her picture. (評審委員把她的畫評為頭獎.) 14. special; specific; especial; particular special: 特別的，專門的 specific: 明確的，

21、具體的； 特定的 especial: 特別的， 尤其,格外的（文語詞） particular:特殊的;個別的, 挑剔的 EX: - This is the special day in the history of our country. (今天是我國歷史上一個特殊的日子.) - I want a specific explanation. (我要一個具體的解釋.) - She has an especial fondness for music. (她對音樂又特殊的偏好.) - There is nothing in the letter of particular importance.

22、 (這封信里沒有特別重要的內(nèi)容.)例句 (2006年) One of the most _ ways of improving listening comprehension is by watching television.A specificB proficientC efficientD special15. contribute; attribute; distribute; retribute； contribute to sth. 貢獻(xiàn); 導(dǎo)致 attribute to 把 歸因于 distribute sth. 分發(fā) Ex: - The design faults contri

23、bute to the tragedy. - Women tend to attribute their success to luck. -The guy distributed the leaflets and posters to passers-by. 例句 （2005年）Those who failed in the entrance examinationsare likely to _ their failures to bad luck. A contributeB attributeC distributeD retribute 以下短語意思: 引起;導(dǎo)致 (主語為原因; 賓

24、語為結(jié)果) result in bring about lead to give rise to causeEX: - Your carelessness will lead to failure in work. - I dont know what brought about the change in his thinking. 我不知道什么原因?qū)е滤淖兿敕?16. result from 造成 結(jié)果 Ex: - His failure in the exam resulted from his carelessness. 考試不及格是由于他的粗心造成的。 attribute to .

25、 Ex: - She attributed her failure to bad luck. 她把失敗的原因于運氣不好。17. request; require; needrequest sb. to do sth. 請求 做require sb. to do sth. 要求 做need sb. to do sth. 需要 做MORE:request that.( 從句用虛擬語氣）require that.( 從句用虛擬語氣）18. persuade; dissuade; persuade sb. to do sth. 勸 做 dissuade sb. from doing sth. 勸阻Mo

26、re to learn:persuasive: 有說服力的 - a persuasive opinion 例句 （2006年）In European universities, students arenot _ to attend classes.A requestedB persuadedC neededD required(key: D) 19. beside; besides; except beside: 在 旁邊； besides: 除 以外（還包括）； except:除 以外（不包括）；Ex：- Beside his plate is a pile of books.- She has many good qualities besides being beautiful.- I dont take any drugs except aspirin.20. except & except for除 以外（不包括）Ex:- He reads nothing e