天文學(xué)科普知識(shí)詳說(shuō)

1、12Credit: NASA, JPL, SSI, University of ArizonaMars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星3QuickTime and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.4Credit: David HarryExtrasolar Planets 太陽(yáng)系外行星Exoplanets 外星行星 / 系外行星5Atlas of Extrasolar Planets太陽(yáng)系外行星地圖Credit: Astronomy246 New Worlds !6宣告及讚詞宣告及讚詞2005

2、年邵逸夫天文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得獎(jiǎng)人2005年邵逸夫天文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)將平均分配予傑弗里 馬西 Geoffrey Marcy和米歇爾 麥耶 Michel Mayor為表彰最早發(fā)現(xiàn)太陽(yáng)系以外的一個(gè)恆星的行星，了解其質(zhì)量與軌道，從而引導(dǎo)出對(duì)行星之產(chǎn)生的革命性的新認(rèn)識(shí)。Credit: Shaw Prize FoundationProf. Geoffrey MarcyProf. Michel Mayor78Credit: Addison WesleyConfiguration of theSolar System 太陽(yáng)系配置9Credit: Rob Ratkowski10Credit: ESO11Credit: Pearso

3、n Education, Addison WesleyStellar Wobble恆星擺動(dòng)12Credit: Sky & TelescopeJupiter-Sun 12m/sSaturn-Sun 4m/sEarth-Sun 8cm/s13Credit: Pearson Education, Addison WesleyMethod 1 方法一Radial-velocity 視向速度Doppler Shift 多普勒效應(yīng)紅移藍(lán)移14Credit: Fahad Sulehria51 Pegasi b 飛馬座 51bMass 質(zhì)量 0.468 MJupiterOrbital Period 公轉(zhuǎn)週期

4、4.23 daysSemi-major Axis 軌道半徑0.052 AUSurface Temp. 表面溫度 1022CHot Jupiter 熱木星1995-10-0615Credit: Addison Wesley16Credit: Addison Wesley17Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (SSC)Day and Night on an Exoplanet系外行星的日與夜Upsilon Andromedae b公轉(zhuǎn)周期 4.6日日夜溫差 1400 度1819QuickTime and a decompressorare needed to see

5、 this picture.20Credit: John WhatmoughUpsilon Andromedae cMass 質(zhì)量 1.89 MJupiterDistance 距離 0.829 AU2122M42 Orion Nebula 獵戶座大星雲(yún)Credit: Robert Gendler23Protoplanetary Disk 原行星盤(pán)24GravitationalInstability引力不穩(wěn)25核心吸積Core Accretion262728Debris Disk 殘骸圓盤(pán)AUMicroscopiiBetaPictorisCredit: NASA, ESA, J. Graham

6、(UC Berkeley), D. Golimowski (Johns Hopkins University)29Method 2 方法二Transit 凌食30Credit: Pearson Education, Addison Wesley3132Transiting ExoplanetCredit: ESO3334XO-TelescopeXO-1b10th Transit Planet35Credit: ESA, Alfred Vidal-Madjar (Institut dAstrophysique de Paris, CNRS, France) and NASAHD 209458 b

7、PegasusPeriod 3.5 daysMass 0.69 times Jupiter36Credit: ESA, Alfred Vidal-Madjar (Institut dAstrophysique de Paris, CNRS, France)37Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/T. Pyle (SSC)38Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (SSC)39Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/M. Swain (JPL/Caltech)4041HD 189733b Orbit 2.2 daysSunlit side 93

8、0CDark side 650CCredit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/T. Pyle (SSC)42First Map of ExoplanetCredit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/H. Knutson (Harvard-Smithsonian CfA)43Where is Earth?444546Method 3 方法三Microlensing 微透鏡效應(yīng)474849OGLE-2005-BLG-290-Lb50Credit: NASA, ESA and G. Bacon (STScI)OGLE-2005-BLG-390LbMass 質(zhì)量 5.5 MEarthOrbit

9、al Period 公轉(zhuǎn)週期 10 yearsSemi-major Axis 軌道半徑 2.6 AUSurface Temp. 表面溫度 -220CRed Dwarf 紅矮星Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) 51Mass 5 MJupiterBrown Dwarf 褐矮星Method 4 方法四Direct Imaging 直接攝影Credit: ESO5253Credit: ESAJames Webb Space Telescope韋伯太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡54Credit: ESOGliese 581cSuperEarthFirst Planet in Habitable ZonePeriod 12 daysMass 5 MEarthRadius 1.5 REarthTemp 20 degree C55Planetary System Around HD 6983056Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (SSC)脈衝星 Pulsar 4U 0142+61What is a planet?57A World with 3 SunsHD 188553 Ab Period 3.3 daysMass 1.14 JupiterQuickTime and a