薄冰高中英語語法之17·主謂一致

1、紙介圖書雙擊此處跟蹤鏈接天貓旗艦店京東有售 薄冰高中英語語法之十六 主謂一致主 編 薄 冰 執(zhí)行主編 莊志琳 葛炳芳 田紹慧山西教育出版社2014年最新版出 版 人 雷俊林 出版策劃 苗補坤責任編輯 張榮榮ISBN 978-7-5440-5630-4 語法學習交流微平臺 紙介圖書京東旗艦店 紙介圖書天貓旗艦店 百度閱讀手持媒體免費讀丨學英語，憑什么讓我學語法嗎？不時聽到一些青年問道：學英語一定要學語法嗎？語法應該怎么學呢？我們就這兩個問題簡單地談一點個人意見。對中國學生來說，尤其是成年人，我看是學點語法好。語法，顧名思義，乃是語言的法則和規(guī)律。學習語法，尤其是一些基本法則，至少有下列幾個好處：

2、第一可以使你學得快些，因為已有現(xiàn)成的前人總結的法則，用不著你從頭摸索。第二可以使你學得透些，因為通過語法對語言現(xiàn)象不僅可以知其然，而且可以知其所以然。第三可以使你學得準些，因為語法法則就是一條條準繩，可以用以衡量一句話是否正確。第四語法不但可以引你入門，更可以引你入勝，使你逐漸眼界開闊，語感加深，從而使你的英語水平不斷提高。丨那么應該如何學習語法呢？我認為在學習語法過程中，應該注意下面幾點：第一基本概念最重要。在學習每個語法項目時，一定要把它的基本概念搞清，牢記在心。第二要大量地實踐，大量地練習。實踐要包括聽、說、讀、寫四個方面，練習要著重說和寫。第三學習語法時，應多用比較法。如對動詞時態(tài)、冠

3、詞、介詞、名詞的單、復數(shù)等較難的語法項目進行相互比較，效果就比較好。 第四要將語法法則與習慣用法分開。碰到習慣用法，就不必鉆牛角尖，進行徒勞的分析。而習慣用法在英語中則是大量地存在著的。第五將一本語法書通讀一遍，當然也不無好處。但最好將它作為工具書，像詞典一樣地經(jīng)常查閱，始能學得比較細致牢靠。第六實用英語語法只應是入門的向?qū)?，像一根拐棍一樣。英語達到一定水平之后，就應將它扔掉。起碼不要讓許多語法條條充斥頭腦，影響你說和寫的流利性。最后可能還會有人說，語法應該學，就是太枯燥。我的感覺是：開頭有點枯燥，過些時候，就會像嚼橄欖似的，越學越有味了。如若不信，請試試看。 薄冰高中英語語法之主謂一致目 錄

4、171 主謂一致原則 語法一致原則 意義一致原則 就近一致原則172 集體名詞作主語173 由介詞短語連接的主語174 代詞作主語175 數(shù)詞或量詞詞組作主語6 單元練習Unit 17 主 謂 一 致 主謂一致是指主語和謂語在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致。通常情況下，主語的單、復數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語動詞采取相應的形式。17-1主謂一致原則現(xiàn)代英語語法中主謂一致大致要遵循以下3條原則：1 語法一致原則語法一致的原則是指謂語動詞和它的主語在語法形式上必須保持一致，即主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)形式，主語是復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也要用復數(shù)形式。如：My friend has no intention of

5、going shopping with me. 我的朋友不想和我一起去購物。My friends have no intention of going shopping with me. 我的朋友們不想和我一起去購物。(1) 在There be句型中，be的單、復數(shù)形式取決于靠近be的主語的數(shù)。如：There has been little change in the city. 這個城市沒有多少變化。There have been only two major political parties in the United States， the Republican Party and t

6、he Democratic Party. 美國一直以來只有兩大政黨：共和黨和民主黨。試題解析：There to be many arguments on both sides. A. seemsB. is C. seemD. are【答案選C】在There be結構中，謂語動詞的形式取決于be后面的名詞，此句be后面的名詞即句子的主語是many arguments，所以seem正確。(2) 在“one of.”結構作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)，因為one是這個名詞詞組的中心詞；“two of.”結構中謂語動詞用復數(shù)，因為two是這個名詞詞組的中心詞。如：One of the books I borro

7、wed from him is Tess of the DUrbervilles. 我從他那里借到的其中一本書是德伯家的苔絲。Ten of the boys in their classes are from Guangdong. 他們班上10個男孩來自廣東。但倒裝句的主語在謂語之后，應注意避免誤用。如：At the airport were many people coming and going. 機場有許多來來往往的人。Never before has she been to Amsterdam. 她以前從沒去過阿姆斯特丹。Within the playground were a gro

8、up of children playing soldiers. 操場上有一群孩子在玩打仗。2 意義一致原則意義一致的原則是指謂語動詞和主語的一致，是由主語所表達的單、復數(shù)概念來決定的，而不是根據(jù)主語的實際語法形式。有時主語的語法形式是單數(shù)，但所表達的概念是復數(shù)意義，這時動詞應采用復數(shù)形式。如：The class are listening to me. 全班學生在聽我講課。The football team are having breakfast now. 足球隊員們在吃早飯。(1) 主語是抽象概念、短語或從句，謂語動詞應用單數(shù)。如：To tell lies is wrong. 說謊是不對

9、的。eeping a house is a tiring job. 管理家務是件很勞累的事。How that happened is not clear to anyone. 這事是怎么樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。注意： 用what或which引導的主語從句或簡單句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)的概念取決于后面的表語，因為它們邏輯上的意義是相同的。如： Which seat is yours? 你的座位是哪個? Which seats are yours? 你們的座位是哪幾個? What they gave me as a reward are some books. 他們獎給我的是一些書。 單個的動名詞作主語，

10、不定式作主語，以及主語從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；若用and連接兩個成分，謂語才用復數(shù)。如：Setting fire to public buildings is seriously against the law. 放火焚燒公共建筑物是嚴重的違法行為。What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. 我想什么，我追求什么，都已在我的文章中表達清楚了。試題解析：What the teacher and the students want to say _ that either of the coun-tr

11、ies _ beautiful.A. are；areB. are；isC. is；isD. is；are【答案選C】譯文：師生都想說的是，這兩個國家都很漂亮。 (2) and所連接的兩個名詞或短語指的是同一個人、同一件事或同一個概念時，謂語動詞則要用單數(shù)。如： The English teacher and head teacher is a young man. 英語老師兼班主任是一個年輕人。 The last and most difficult lesson is Lesson 14. 第14課是最后一課也是最難的一課。A teacher and singer was present a

12、t the evening party. 有位老師兼歌手參加了晚會。The cart and horse was owned by a farmer. 那輛馬車歸一位農(nóng)民所有。注意： 比較：The singer and the dancer are popular with the young people. 那個歌唱家和那個舞蹈家（兩個不同的人）很受年輕人喜歡。The cart and the horse were owned by a farmer. 那輛車和那匹馬由一位農(nóng)民所有。 下列詞組通常視作單數(shù)概念，謂語動詞也相應用單數(shù)形式。如：a needle and thread 穿了線的針

13、a knife and fork 一副刀叉 a desk and chair 一套桌椅 a watch and chain 帶鏈的手表 (3) 如果被each，every，no，many a或more than one所修飾，即使由and連接并列作主語，謂語動詞習慣上也用單數(shù)形式。如：Many a student was deeply moved by the teachers words.許多學生為老師的話所深深地打動。Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work. 許多醫(yī)生和護士都忙于他們的工作。No man and no a

14、nimal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上沒發(fā)現(xiàn)人和動物。Every teacher and every student wants to see the film. 每位教師、每個學生都想去看電影。Each child has a name. 每個小孩有他自己的名字。Each boy and (each) girl wants to help the old man. 男孩，女孩都想幫助那位老人。Every train and (every) bus was crowded during the Spring Festival.春節(jié)期間，每輛火車和汽車都很擁

15、擠。應當指出：every 和each不同，只能作定語，不能構成every of短語，但可用every one of的結構。試題解析： 1. Everyone here，including children and old people _ in for sports.A. goB. goingC. to goD. goes 【答案選D】譯文：這里，包括兒童和老人在內(nèi)的每個人都愛好體育運動。 2. Each of the _ in the ship.A. passenger has his own room B. passengers have their own roomC. passenge

16、r have their own roomD. passengers has his own room 【答案選D】譯文：每位旅客在船上都有自己的房間。 (4) one and a half跟復數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞習慣用單數(shù)形式。如：One and a half bananas was eaten by that monkey. 那猴子吃下了一個半香蕉。One and a half years has passed since the war broke out. 戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)到現(xiàn)在已有一年半了。(5) 由and連接的兩個連詞引導一個主語從句或動詞不定式時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：When a

17、nd where to hold the meeting has not been decided. 何時何地開這次會議還沒有決定。試題解析：When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided 【答案選A】譯文：何時何地建新工廠還未決定。 (6) 學科名稱和疾病名稱作主語時，主語與謂語動詞的一致：某些學科名稱和疾病名稱雖是復數(shù)形式，但這些詞作主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。這些詞包括： electronics

18、mechanicsclassicslinguisticseconomicsstatisticsphysics mathematics astronomypolitics等。如：Electronics is a piece of cake to him. 電子學是他很喜歡的學科。Quantum mechanics supplies methods for calculating the results of experiments in all those realms. 量子力學提供了所有這些領域中實驗結果的運算方法。(7) 兩個或兩個以上的主語用and和both連接時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如

19、：Both rice and cotton are grown in the southern area. 在南方地區(qū)人們種植水稻和棉花。Coal and oil exist in large quantities on the earth. 地球上存在著大量的煤炭和石油。(8) and所連接的兩個名詞或短語所指的不是同一個人、同一個事物或同一個概念時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如： Medicine and food are badly needed there. 那兒十分需要藥品和食物。Collecting stamps and playing the guitar are my two hobbi

20、es. 集郵和彈吉他是我的兩大愛好。The English teacher and the head teacher are both young men.英語老師和班主任都是年輕人。(9) 群島、山脈、瀑布等專有名詞，如：the Alps，the Philippines，Niagara Falls等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：Niagara Falls are a splendid scene. 尼亞加拉瀑布是一處壯麗的景觀。The Philippines lie to the southeast of China. 菲律賓群島位于中國東南部。Which country do the

21、Straits of Gibraltar belong to? 直布羅陀海峽屬于哪個國家?(10) 表示時間、距離、度量、價值的復數(shù)名詞作主語時，這些復數(shù)名詞，如表示抽象概念，被視作一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如表示具體的多少，強調(diào)復數(shù)意義時， 謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：Ten minutes is all that I can spare for you. 我只能給你10分鐘時間。Six thousand dollars is a large sum of money to her. 對她來說，六千美元是一個大數(shù)目。The fifty miles were covered by the w

22、inner in three hours. 50英里路冠軍只跑了3個小時。Eight hours of sleep is enough. 8小時的睡眠足夠了。Ten pounds was missing from the till. 收銀臺里的10英鎊不見了。試題解析：Twenty-five years _ since I graduated from college.A. passB. passed C. has passed D. has been passed 【答案選C】表示時間、金錢、距離等的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。從句中介詞since暗示主句謂語動詞要用現(xiàn)在完成時。pass作

23、“經(jīng)過”講時是不及物動詞。(11) 表示書名、報名、劇名、國名等的名詞（或詞組）作主語時，如只指一種、一本或一個，不論它形式上是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，謂語動詞只用單數(shù)形式。如：The adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by the famous American humorist Mark Twain. 哈克貝利芬歷險記是著名的美國幽默作家馬克吐溫寫的。The New York Times is not available here. 紐約時報這里沒有。The United States was founded in 1776. 美國是1776年建立

24、的。War and Peace is the longest book Ive read. 戰(zhàn)爭與和平是我看過的最長的小說。General Motors has recently closed down a plant. 通用汽車公司最近關閉了一家工廠。 (12) 一些形式為復數(shù)，意思為單數(shù)的名詞如，trousers，pants，shorts，glasses，scissors等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：Her glasses are new. 她的眼鏡是新的。My trousers are old. 我的褲子是舊的。但當這類名詞前有a （ the.） pair of 修飾時，謂語動詞應用單

25、數(shù)，如：This pair of scissors is made in Hangzhou. 這把剪刀是杭州制造的。The pair of trousers is cheap. 這條褲子很便宜。(13) 如主語指的是一類人，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；如果指的是單個人或抽象概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：The sick here are very well cared for. 這里的病人都被照顧得很好。The blind are taught trades in special schools. 盲人在特殊學校里被傳授手藝。The true is to be distinguished from t

26、he false. 真實與虛假應加以區(qū)別。(14) 在“one of 復數(shù)名詞 定語從句”結構中，定語從句中謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)應由它修飾的先行詞的數(shù)來決定，但如果one前面有the only修飾時，定語從句的謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)。如：This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire. 這就是那次大火燒毀的房間之一。（被燒毀的房間有多間，所以that指the rooms。）He is the only one of the students that has been invited to sing at the concert. 他是唯

27、一被邀請在音樂會上演唱的那個學生。注意：在“the only one of 復數(shù)名詞定語從句” 結構中，定語從句的謂語動詞應用單數(shù)形式。如：Mary is the only one of the girls who was playing in the band at yesterdays concert. 瑪麗是唯一參加昨天音樂會樂隊伴奏的姑娘。（參加昨天音樂會樂隊伴奏的姑娘僅有一個，所以who指the only one。）試題解析：She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten.A. is well paidB. are well

28、 paidC. is paying wellD. are paying well【答案選B】“one of+復數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結構中，從句的謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式。 3 就近一致原則就近一致是指謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要在形式上與最靠近它的那個名詞或代詞取得一致。(1) 當一個句子有兩個主語，而它們又是由either.or.；neither.nor；not only.but also.；or等連接時，謂語通常和最鄰近的主語一致。如：Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room. 湯姆或他的幾個兄弟正在房間等候。Neither you， nor I， nor

29、anybody else knows anything about it.你、我或其他任何人都不知道這件事。Either you or I am to do the work. 不是你就是我來做這項工作。Neither his parents nor his teacher is able to persuade him to change his mind.他的父母和老師都沒法說服他改變主意。Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat. 不是運動員就是教練應該對這次比賽的失利負責。注意：Either you or

30、 the headmaster _ the prize to those gifted students at the meeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out【答案選D】本題考查主謂一致。either.or.連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞和靠近它的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。D項“be+不定式”表示“應該”的意思。 當上面的句子變成疑問句時，謂語動詞仍然要求“就近一致”。如：Not only Jack but also his friends are interested in Chin

31、ese music. 杰克和他的朋友們都對中國音樂感興趣。Is not only Jack but also his friends interested in Chinese music? 杰克和他的朋友們都喜歡中國音樂嗎?(2) 如果一個句子由there和here引起，而主語又不止一個，謂語通常與最鄰近的那個主語一致。如：Here is a pen，a few envelopes and some paper for you.這兒有一支鋼筆、幾個信封和一些紙給你。There is a desk and four chairs in the office. 辦公室里有一張書桌和4把椅子。Th

32、ere are two chairs and a desk in the office. 辦公室里有兩把椅子和一張書桌。17-2 集體名詞作主語當集體名詞以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)時，它既可能表示單數(shù)，也可能表示復數(shù)，這時應視具體情況來斷定。集體名詞作為一個個成員的組合來考慮時，它就是復數(shù)意義的名詞（但沒有詞形的變化），連接的動詞就要用復數(shù)形式；如果作為一個不可分割的整體看待時（即非人稱單位），它就是單數(shù)意義的名詞，謂語動詞就要用單數(shù)形式。如：Our group were discussing heatedly on the subject.我們小組（成員）對這個問題討論得很熱列。Our group is

33、 made up of four boys and five girls. 我們小組有4個男孩和5個女孩。對大多數(shù)單數(shù)集體名詞來說，均可按句子的意義，具體情況作單數(shù)或復數(shù)看待，但無論作單數(shù)還是復數(shù)看待，最重要的是在同一個句子中前后要保持一致。即用單數(shù)時，除了接單數(shù)動詞外，相應的人稱代詞或補足語也要用單數(shù)，反之要用復數(shù)。常見的可以用作單、復數(shù)意義的集體名詞有：committeearmyclassgovernmentcompany enemy family club group publicstaff team population couple band 等。 如：The audience ha

34、ve (has) already expressed their (its) approval. 聽眾已表示贊同。The public are (is) the best judges (judge). 公眾是最好的裁判。The population of the earth is increasing very fast. 地球上人口激增。One third of the population here are farmers. 這里三分之一的人口是農(nóng)民。The public has every reason to be cautious of professional deception.

35、公眾有充分的理由當心職業(yè)詐騙。The public now know the whole story. 現(xiàn)在公眾已經(jīng)知道事情的全部經(jīng)過。(1) 有些集體名詞people，police，youth（青年人），cattle等，總是跟復數(shù)動詞形式。如：The police say they have caught the thieves. 警察說他們已經(jīng)抓住了那些盜賊。The cattle were driven away from the hill. 那些牲畜從山上被趕走了。(2) 有些名詞，像equipment（設備），furniture（家具），jewelry（珠寶），clothing（衣服）

36、，machinery（機械），表示單數(shù)概念。如：A lot of old equipment has been replaced by the new equipment. 許多舊設備已經(jīng)被新設備代替了。All the machinery in the factory was controlled by robots. 這個廠所有的機械都是由機器人控制的。注意：people這個詞作“人民”解時，總是與the連用；當泛指“人、人們”時，通常不加the，均接復數(shù)謂語動詞；作“民族”解釋時，謂語動詞應取單數(shù)第三人稱形式，這時people前可以加上不定冠詞a。復數(shù)形式peoples指“各民族”。若要表

37、示“兩個或兩個以上的人”這個意思，可在people前直接加上數(shù)詞或不定量詞（some，many，a few等），但people不能加-s。如：In China people praise teachers for their work. 在中國，人們贊揚老師的辛勤勞動。All power in the Peoples Republic of China belongs to the people.中華人民共和國的一切權力屬于人民。The Japanese are said to be an industrious people. 據(jù)說日本人是勤勉的民族。Five people came to

38、see him. 5個人來看他。17-3 由介詞短語連接的主語如果主語后面跟有with，together with，along with，but，except，like，in addition to，including，besides，as well as，as much as （與一樣，不亞于，與差不多），rather than （而不是），more than（ 比更）等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍舊應與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如：An expert，together with some assistants， was sent to help in this work. 一位專家和幾位助手被派去

39、協(xié)助這項工作。No one except my parents knows anything about it. 除了我父母誰也不知道這事。The teacher as well as the students likes this novel. 學生和老師都喜歡這部小說。The boss，rather than his employees， is to blame. 不是雇員，而是老板，應該受到責備。His parents as well as he are very kind to me. 他的父母和他對我非常和藹。Tom， more than anyone else， is anxiou

40、s to go there again. 湯姆比其他人更渴望再去那兒。An iron and steal works，with some satellite factories，is to be built here. 在這里將建立一個鋼鐵廠和一些衛(wèi)星廠。Tom， along with his friends，goes skating every Saturday.每個星期六，湯姆和他的朋友們一起去滑冰。試題解析：A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB. have offered C

41、. are offered D. has offered【答案選A】譯文：一個有五千冊藏書的圖書館被作為禮物贈予這個國家。主語后跟with /together with / along with 等短語時，謂語應與其前的主語保持一致。所以謂語用單數(shù)，圖書館是offer的承受者，故用被動語態(tài)。 17-4 代詞作主語 (1) 有些代詞只能指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，當它們在句子中作主語時，盡管在意義上是復數(shù)，謂語動詞仍要用單數(shù)形式。這類代詞有：either neithereachanothersomebodysomeonesomethinganyoneanything anybodyeveryoneevery

42、thingeverybodyno onenothingnobody等。如： Neither likes the friends of the other. 兩人都不喜歡對方的朋友。 Everything around us is matter. 我們周圍的所有東西都是物質(zhì)。 Has / Have either of them been there recently? 最近他們兩個有沒有去過那兒?Neither of us has gone through regular training. 我們兩個都沒有經(jīng)過正規(guī)的訓練。Nobody wants to go there，does he? 沒有人

43、想去那里，是吧?Something has been done to end the strike. 已經(jīng)采取措施制止罷工了。但應注意：在neither of與either of的結構中，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)形式也可用復數(shù)形式。如： Neither of them was / were in good health，but both worked very hard.他們兩個人身體都不好，工作卻都很努力。(2) none 作主語時，謂語動詞既可用單數(shù)也可用復數(shù)，這要取決于說話人的看法。如：None of us seem to have thought of it. 似乎我們?nèi)紱]有想到這一點。No

44、ne of us has got a camera. （None Not a single one） 我們都沒有照相機。(3) both，（a）few，many，several作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式。如：Both （of） the instruments are not precise ones. 這兩種儀器并不都是精密儀器。Many of the young people have gone off to cities in search of higher pay.許多年輕人都到城里掙大錢去了。Several of the children were in the garden.

45、 有幾個小孩在花園里。(4) all作主語表示人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；表示物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：All that ends well is well. 結果好一切都好。All are eager to reach an agreement. 大家都急于達成一項協(xié)議。17-5 數(shù)詞或量詞詞組作主語(1) 分數(shù)或百分數(shù)修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，形式是用單數(shù)還是復數(shù)取決于它們表示的意義。如：About three fourths of the earths surface is covered by water. 地球表面大約四分之三被水覆蓋。Three fourths of the work

46、ers in the factory are women. 這個工廠四分之三的工人是女工。Fifty percent of the students in our school are girls. 我們學校百分之五十的學生是女生。試題解析： _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth；is B. Two fifth；are C. Two fifths；is D. Two fifths；are 【答案選C】譯文：那個地區(qū)有五分之二的土地被草和樹覆蓋。 (2) a great / good

47、deal of，a large amount of，amounts of這些量詞詞組一般只與不可數(shù)名詞搭配，表示數(shù)量，不表示數(shù)（目），連接的動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如： A large amount of / a great （good） deal of water was spilt on the floor. 地板上灑了大量的水。the amount of 一般解釋為“總額，總數(shù)”，后接不可數(shù)名詞，也可接復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞仍然用單數(shù)形式。如：What is the amount of the bill? 賬單上金額總計多少?The amount of todays sales is cons

48、iderable. 今天的銷售量很可觀。(3) a number of 可以在a與number之間加上great，good，large，considerable等詞，與a great / good many 意思相近。a number of 可以用numbers of來表達，后接復數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：A good number of trees have been planted on either side of the river. 河的兩岸種了許多樹。(4) a number of和the number of的意思不同，兩者都能與復數(shù)名詞搭配，但the number of后接

49、動詞一定用單數(shù)。如：The number of books stolen is fifty. 被偷竊的書共50本。A number of students were wounded in the accident. 有許多學生在事故中受了傷。試題解析：The number of people invited _ fifty，but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were；was B. was；was C. was；were D. were；were 【答案選C】譯文：受邀請的有50人，但是他們當中有很多人由于各種原因沒有到

50、場。本題考查主謂一致。“the number of + 復數(shù)名詞”表示“的數(shù)目”，“a number of + 復數(shù)名詞”表示“許多”。前者作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；后者作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。 (5) a lot / lots of；plenty of；a quantity of；a percentage of；a pile / piles of；a heap / heaps of等作主語時，既可以與不可數(shù)名詞搭配，也可以與可數(shù)名詞搭配，謂語動詞的數(shù)一般與它們后面的名詞相一致。如：Lots of / Plenty of work remains to be done. 還有許多工作要做。A

51、 lot of us were invited at the last minute. 我們中的許多人是在最后時刻接到邀請的。There has been a small quantity of rain this spring. 今春雨下得很少。A small quantity of sugar was put in the boiled water. 開水里放入了少量的糖。A heap of rubbish has been cleaned away. 一堆垃圾已被清除掉。注意：quantities of后接不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞的數(shù)一般與quantities取得一致。如：Great qu

52、antities of water were wasted. 大量的水被浪費了。試題解析：The rest of the magazines _ within half an hour.A. is sold outB. are sold outC. was sold outD. were sold out【答案選D】譯文：剩余的雜志不到半個小時就售完了。 (6) more of 和enough of 兩個詞組之后只能跟帶有限定詞的不可數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞根據(jù)它所修飾的名詞決定。如：可以講enough of the blue material 或more of my friends。如

53、果名詞前沒有限定詞，就不能用of。這時more 和enough本身就是限定詞，如：enough blue material，more friends。如：More of the trees are planted on both sides of the river. 河的兩岸種著更多的樹。More of the land is planted to cabbages than to tomatoes. 種白菜的地比種西紅柿的多。Is there enough of the blue material? 有足夠的藍色料嗎?Are there enough of the big nails to mend the cupboard? 有足夠的大釘子修理柜櫥嗎?(7) more 也可以單獨作主語，這時謂語動詞的數(shù)應根據(jù)它們所指對象的單、復數(shù)意義來判斷。如：Th