2016考研英語(yǔ)一真題答案解析

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2016年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（一）真題及答案（完整版）（注：以下選項(xiàng)標(biāo)紅加粗為正確答案）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It

2、may involve not only his parents and his friends,those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in th

3、e selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonl

4、y lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples

5、 to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the

6、 marriage, and jointly -acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up .The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.1. A by way of        B as well as&

7、#160;       C on behalf of        D with regard to2. A adapt to        B provide for        Ccompete with      

8、0; D decide on3. A close        B renew        Carrange        D postpone4. A In theory        B Above all    

9、    C In time        D For example5. A Although        B Lest        C After        D Unless6. A into  &#

10、160;     B within        C from        D through7. A sine        B or         C but     &#

11、160;  D so8. A test        Bcopy        Crecite        D create9. A folding        B piling      

12、60; C wrapping        D tying10. A lighting         B passing        C hiding         D serving11. A meeting    

13、60;   B association        C collection        Dunion12. A grow        B part        C deal      

14、60;  Dlive13. A whereas        B until        C for        D if14. A obtain        B follow     

15、0;  C challenge        Davoid15. A isolated        B persuaded        C viewed        D exposed16. Awherever   

16、0;    B however        C whenever        Dwhatever17. A changed        B brought        C shaped     

17、;    D pushed18. A divided        B invested        C donated        D withdrawn19. Aclears        B warms 

18、60;      C shows        D breaks20. Awhile        B so what        Conce        D in thatSection II Readi

19、ng ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute

20、 right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures ha

21、ve a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry th

22、at it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And

23、 perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and

24、 bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the Uni

25、ted States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other c

26、haracteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeli

27、ng agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate noti

28、ons of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A Physical beauty would be redefinedB New runways would be constructedC Websites about dieting would thriveD The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase "i

29、mpinging on"(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning toA heightening the value ofB indicating the state ofC losing faith inD doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industryA The French measures have already failedB New standards are being set in DenmarkC Models are no longer

30、under peer pressureD Its inherent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW forA setting perfect physical conditionsB caring too much about models' characterC showing little concern for health factorsD pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the f

31、ollowing maybe the best title of the text?A A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body IdealsB A Dilemma for the starving models in FranceC Just Another Round of struggle for beautyD The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than i

32、n the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate "the countryside" alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill

33、launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save "the beauty of natural places for everyone forever". It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience "a refreshing air". Hill's pressure later led to the crea

34、tion of national parks and green belts. They don't make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives' planning reform explicitly gives ru

35、ral development priority over conservation,even authorizing "off-plan" building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democra

36、ts are silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in citi

37、es and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that "housing crisis" eq

38、uals "concreted meadows" is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is no

39、t a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlan

40、ds, Britain is Europe's most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avo

41、iding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain's public sentiment about the countrysideA is not well reflected in politicsB is fully backed by the royal familyC didn't start fill the Shakespearean ageD has brought much benefit to the

42、 NHS27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now beingA largely overshadowedB properly protectedC effectively reinforcedD gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3A Labour is under attack for opposing developmentB The Conservatives m

43、ay abandon "off-plan" buildingC Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservationD The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes's preferenceA shows his disregard for the character of rural areaB stresses the necessity of easing the h

44、ousing crisisC highlights his firm stand against lobby pressureD reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation ofA the size of population in BritainB the enviable urban lifestyle in BritainC the town-and-country planning in BritainD the poli

45、tical life in today's BritainText 3"There is one and only one social responsibility of business" wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist "That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits." But even if you accept Friedman&#

46、39;s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders's money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America a

47、nd Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a "signal" that a company's products are of high quality. Second, custome

48、rs may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse "halo effect" whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiatin

49、g these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigation

50、s，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm's political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that

51、 accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. "We estimate that

52、 either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials." says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answ

53、er the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The aut

54、hor views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR withAuncertaintyBskepticismCapprovalDtolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company byAguarding it against malpracticesBprotecting it from consumersCwinning trust from consumers.Draising the quality of its products33. The expression &qu

55、ot;more lenient"(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning toAless controversialBmore lastingCmore effectiveDless severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR recordAcomes across as reliable evidenceBhas an impact on their decisionCincreases the chance of being penalizedDconstitute

56、s part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?A The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknownB Companies' financial capacity for it has been overestimatedC Its negative effects on businesses are often overlookedDIt has brought

57、much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. "Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper a

58、nd the rustle of pages aside, there's plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks - isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online - only competitors don't have the same set of financial

59、constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jo

60、nah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. "Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them," he said, "but if you discontinue it, you're going have you

61、r most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as blunder," he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti w

62、ere in charge at the Times? "I wouldn't pick a year to end print," he said "I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the q

63、uality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," Peretti said. "Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to make a print

64、product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year - more than twice as much as a digital - only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a trem

65、endous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive that less aggressive."36. The New York Times is considering ending it's print edition partly due toA the increasing online and salesB the pressure from its investors