中英對照法律詞匯

1、按照法律規(guī)定according to law按照確定的份額分享權(quán)力：be entitled to rights in proportion to his proper share of the credit按照確定的份額分擔(dān)義務(wù)：assume obligations in proportion to his proper share of the debt案例教學(xué)法case system案例匯編case book； case report； law report柏拉圖 Plato保護人權(quán)與基本自由公約（1950） Convention for the Protection of Human R

2、ights and Fundamental Freedoms， 1950（羅）被視為be deemed as被宣布為非法be outlawed； be declared illegal比較法comparative law比較法學(xué)comparative jurisprudence比較法學(xué)派school of comparative jurisprudence比較法制史 comparative legal history比較分析法method of comparative analysis比較刑法comparative penal law比較刑法學(xué)comparative penal jurispr

3、udence必然因果關(guān)系positive causal relationship邊緣法學(xué)borderline jurisprudence變通辦法adaptation； accommodation補充規(guī)定supplementary provision補救辦法remedial measures不成文法unwritten law不成文憲法unwritten constitution不動產(chǎn)所在地法律 law of the place where the real property is situated； lex loci rei immobilisci不可分割的權(quán)利impartible right不

4、可抗力 force majuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可讓與性inalienability不履行法律義務(wù)non-performance of obligation不要式行為informal act不要因的法律行為non-causal juristic act不因?qū)嵭Ф鴨适У臋?quán)利imprescriptible right不作為abstain from an act； act of omission部門法department law部門規(guī)章regulation參照 consult參照具體情況 in the light of actual conditions參照原文 consul

5、t the original查士丁尼法典 Code Justinian； Codex Justinianus查士丁尼法規(guī)匯編 Authenticum超出法律范圍的 outside of law超出法律權(quán)限的 extralegal超過權(quán)限 exceed authority； beyond jurisdiction成文法 written law成文憲法written constitution沖突法 conflict of laws； rules of conflict沖突規(guī)則 conflict rule； rule of conflict除（本法）另有規(guī)定外 except for otherwis

6、e stipulated （by this law）除外條款 provisory clause除外責(zé)任條款 exclusion clause觸犯公共利益 encroach on the public interests觸犯國際利益 go against the state's interests觸犯人民利益 encroach on the interests of the people； go against the people's interests傳統(tǒng)法律觀念 traditional ideas of law純粹法學(xué) pure theory of law次要法規(guī) by l

7、aw次要規(guī)則 secondary rule從寬解釋原則 doctrine of liberal construction從權(quán)利 accessory right達到法定年齡 come of age大法 the fundamental law大法官Lord High Chancellor大法官法院Court of Chancery大陸法系Continental Legal System大律師barrister大明律Criminal Law of the Ming Dynasty（中）大陪審團 grand jury大清律例the Criminal Laws of the Qing Dynasty （

8、中）大憲章（1215） Great Charter， 1215（英）單行法規(guī)specific regulations單一法律體系unitary legal system單一制政府unitary government但書proviso當代法學(xué)動向current trend of jurisprudence當然解釋 natural interpretation黨紀國法party discipline and the law of the country道德規(guī)范norm of morality道德義務(wù) moral obligation德國民法典German Civil code德拉古 Draco地方

9、各級人民代表大會 local people's congresses at different levels地方各級人民法院local people's courts at different levels地方各級人民檢察院local people's procuratorates at different levels地方各級人民政府local people's governments at different levels第二讀second reading第三讀 third reading二元論the dualistic theory二元君主立憲制 dual

10、 constitutional monarchy system二元論 the dualistic theory二元論者dualist二元制 bicameral system法的本質(zhì) the nature of law法的變化changes of law法的定義definition of law法的發(fā)展development of law法的分類 divisions of law法的概念concepts of law法的規(guī)范作用normalized usage of law法的繼承succession of law法的精神 spirit of law法的可預(yù)測性foreseeability of

11、 law法的類型types of law法的歷史類型的更替 the replacement of one historical mode of law by another法的歷史淵源 historical origin of law法的連續(xù)性continuity of law法的內(nèi)容contexts of law法的社會作用 social usage of law法的生效operation of law法的實現(xiàn)realization of law法的特征character of law法的現(xiàn)象legal phenomenon法的消亡 withering away of law法的形式淵源fo

12、rmal source of law法的要素elements of law法的淵源source of law法的職能function of law法的作用role of law法典code； statute book法典編纂 codification of codes法定成年人的年齡age of majority； legal age法定程序legal procedure法定處罰statutory penalty法定代理人： agent ad litem法定解釋statutory interpretation法定量刑情節(jié) legally prescribed circumstances of

13、sentencing法定年齡 legal age； lawful age法定年齡限制 a statutory age limit法定期間 prescribed time法定期限 legal term法定權(quán)利 legal right； right entitled by law法定權(quán)限 limits of power prescribed by law法定人數(shù) quorum法定日 appointed day法定時間 appointed time法定時效 statutory prescription法定條件 legal condition法定限制 statutory restrictions法定效

14、力 statutory force法定刑 legally-prescribed punishment法定形式 legal form法定責(zé)任 statutory duty法定追溯期 time of legal memory法定最高刑 maximum statutory penalty； maximum statutory sentence法官 judge法官的自由裁量權(quán) judge's power of discretion法官權(quán)力范圍 extent of judge's power法官心證 judge's mental impression法官中立原則 Nemo deb

15、t esse judex in propria causa法規(guī)編纂 condification of laws and regulations法規(guī)的解釋 interpretation of statutes法規(guī)匯編 corpus of the laws and regulations法國民法典Code Civile de Francais （法）法理 jurisprudence； principle of law法理學(xué)家 jurisprudent法律保護 legal protection法律編纂 codification法律標準 legal standards法律補救 legal redres

16、s法律部門 legal department法律草案 draft regulations法律措施 legal measures法律大全 Corpus legum法律的本土化和改寫 the localization and adaptiion of laws法律的本質(zhì) essence of law法律的地位 position of law法律的定義 definition of law法律的廢止 abolishment of law法律的公共秩序論 public order theory of law法律的規(guī)范性 normalization of law法律的繼承 succession of la

17、w法律的理想ideal of law法律的權(quán)威 authority of law法律的失效lapse of law法律的實施administration of law； law enforcement法律的適用application of law法律的統(tǒng)一 unification of law法律的推定 presumption of law法律的推理 analogy of law法律的完整性 integrity of law法律的效力范圍 force's scale of law法律的效力形式 force's form of law法律的修改alteration of law法

18、律的演進 evolutin of law法律的原理 principle of law法律地位平等equal in legal status法律對人的效力personal act of law編纂法律方法 legal methodology法律分類 classification of law法律賦予權(quán)力 authority conferred by law法律改革 law reform法律概念 legal concept法律根據(jù) legal basis法律工作者 legal professional法律關(guān)系legal relation法律關(guān)系的運行 process of legal relati

19、on法律關(guān)系客體 object of legal relation法律關(guān)系主體 subject of legal relation法律規(guī)定provisions of law法律規(guī)范 norm of law法律規(guī)范的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu) logical structure of legal rule法律規(guī)則體系 system of legal rules法律含義 intendment of law法律另有規(guī)定：otherwise stipulated by law法律現(xiàn)象legal phenomenon法律研究legal research法律要件 legal requirement法律依據(jù) legal ba

20、sis法律意見 legal advice法律意見書 legal opinion法律意識 law-consciousness法律意義 legal sense法律用語 legal language法律與正義先驗論 a prior theory of law and justice法律淵源 source of law法律原本注釋 gloss法律原理 legal doctrines法律原則 principle of legality法律援助legal aid法律約束 legal binding； legal restraint法律責(zé)任 legal responsibility法律責(zé)任的道義基礎(chǔ) mor

21、al basic of legal obligation法律責(zé)任的歸結(jié) imputaton of legal responsibility法律責(zé)任的認定 determination of legal responsibility法律責(zé)任的執(zhí)行 enforcement of legal responsibility法律責(zé)任客體 object of legal responsibility法律責(zé)任主體 subject of legal responsibility法律哲學(xué) philosophy of law； philosophie du droit （法）；philosophia juris法律

22、政策 policy of the law法律職業(yè)道德 legal ethics法律指導(dǎo) legal counsel法律制裁 legal sanction法律制度 regime of law； legal system法律秩序 legal order法律主體資格 capacity as a subject of law法律主張 proposition of law法律屬地原則 territoriality of laws法律著述 legal literature法律專家 legal expert法律專業(yè) legal profession法律專著和教科書 legal treatise and te

23、xtbook法律咨詢 legal advice法律尊嚴 legal sanctity法盲 legal illiterates法權(quán) right法社會學(xué) sociology of law法系 legal system法協(xié)會 law society法學(xué) jurisprudence法學(xué)博士 doctor of jurisprudence法學(xué)導(dǎo)論 leading principles of law法學(xué)的范疇體系 the system of categories of jurisprudence法學(xué)的范疇意識 the consciousness of category of jurisprudence法學(xué)

24、的基石范疇 fundamental categories of jurisprudence法學(xué)方法 method of jurisprudence法學(xué)方法論 methodology of jurisprudence法學(xué)會 law society法學(xué)教科書 law textbooks法學(xué)理論 theory of law； legal theory法學(xué)權(quán)威 an academic authority in law法學(xué)士 bachelor of law法學(xué)體系 system of jurisprudence法學(xué)通論 first principles of law法學(xué)院 faculty of law；

25、 law school法醫(yī) forensic medicine法醫(yī)學(xué) forensic medicine法院 court法院調(diào)查 judicial investigation法院管轄權(quán) competence of court法院管轄以外的 extrajudicial法院判決 court decision法院系統(tǒng) court structure法院組織法 judicature act法則 articles法哲學(xué) philosophy of law法制legal institution法制傳統(tǒng) tradition of law system法制的精神 spirit of legality法制的尊嚴

26、 dignity of the legal system法制觀念 legal concept法制觀念淡薄 very weak in the understanding of law法制教育 legal education； education of legal system法制史 legal history； history of legal system法治 rule of law法治的機制 the mechanism of rule of law法治的要素 the element of rule of law非實質(zhì)的 immaterial非營利的 non-profit非約束性條款 perm

27、issive provision廢止法律 annulment of law分別管轄權(quán) separate jurisdiction分別財產(chǎn)制 separation of property regime分別規(guī)定 separate provision分擔(dān)責(zé)任 share the responsibility分工負責(zé)，互相配合，互相制約 divide responsibility for their own work； coordinate their efforts and check each other分工負責(zé)制 division of labor responsibility system分級

28、管理 different levels holding different responsibilities分配制度 distribution system分析法理學(xué) analytical jurisprudence否決權(quán) power veto； veto power否認事實 denial of facts服從法律 amenable to law； subject to the law服從判決 accept a judgment符合程序 be in order符合法律 be in conformity with law符合憲法 constitutionality符合憲法的法律 constitu

29、tional law符合原則 be in conformity with the principle蓋尤斯 Gaius概括裁定 general verdict概括繼承 general succession干擾司法公正 interference with course of justice剛性條款 entrenched clause剛性憲法 rigid constitution崗位責(zé)任制 post responsibility system高等法院 high court； high court of justice高度集中 highly centralize高度民主 high level of

30、democracy高度自治權(quán) high degree of autonomy高級法官 senior judge高級法院superior court高級人民法院 Higher People's Court高級人民檢察院 Higher People's Procuratortate擱置 set aside； abeyance格式條款 clause of style公認的行為準則 established standard of conduct規(guī)避法律 in fraud of law規(guī)避義務(wù) evade obligations規(guī)范的法律規(guī)則 normative rule of law規(guī)

31、范法學(xué) normative jurisprudence規(guī)范性法律文件 normalizative document of law規(guī)范性法律文件的規(guī)范化 normalization of normative legal document國際法international law國際法學(xué) international jurisprudence過錯方 tort-feasor； wrongdoer過錯推定原則 doctrine of presumption過錯責(zé)任 liability for wrongs； tort liability海事法院 court of admiralty漢穆拉比法典 Code

32、 of Hammurabi合并條款 consolidation of provisions合法的個人財產(chǎn) legal personal property合法地位 legal status合法權(quán)益 the lawful rights and interests合法行為 lawful acts； legality of purpose合憲性 constitutionality衡平法 equity衡平法規(guī)則 rule of equity衡平法學(xué) equity jurisprudence衡平法院 Court of Chancery （美）；Court of Equity （英）后法取代前法 A lat

33、er statute takes away the effect of a prior one.后法優(yōu)于前法 lex posterior derogat priori戶籍所在地：the place where his residence is registered互為因果 reciprocal causation基本法 fundamental law基本法律規(guī)范 basic norm of law基本方針 basic policies基本權(quán)利和義務(wù) basic rights and duties基本司法概念和假設(shè) basic legal conception and assumption技術(shù)性

34、法規(guī) technical legal rule家庭法 family law建立法律關(guān)系create legal relations教會法canon law教會法大全Corpus Juris Canonici教會法學(xué)家 decretalists解釋法律的技術(shù)規(guī)則 technical rule of interpretation解釋權(quán) power of interpretation近因 immediate cause禁治產(chǎn)人 imbecile； interdicted person經(jīng)常居住地：habitual residence經(jīng)法律確認的 ascertained by law經(jīng)法律許可 auth

35、orized by law經(jīng)驗法學(xué) scholastic theories of law糾問式審判 trial by inspection or examination具有法律約束力的文件 legally binding instrument具有同等效力的 with equal authenticity具有約束力的判例 binding precedent絕對衡平法 absolute equity君主立憲制度 constitutional monarchy開羅會議 Cairo Conference凱恩斯主義 keynesianism可撤銷的法律行為 revocable juristic act可

36、讓與性 alienability可用法律強制執(zhí)行的 enforceable at law可預(yù)見的 foreseeable可直接適用的法律 directly applicable law可追溯的 retrospective客觀條件 objective condition客觀因素 objective factor客體 object擴充解釋 amplified interpretation理論法理學(xué)派 theoretical jurisprudence school理性決定說 theory of rational decision理性認識 conceptual knowledge歷史法學(xué) histo

37、rical jurisprudence歷史法學(xué)派 historical school of law歷史解釋 historical interpretation立法機構(gòu)legislative body立法權(quán) law-making power； legislative power立法委任權(quán) legislation mandate立法效力 legislative effect立法議案 bills立法者 law-maker； legislator立憲 constitutionalism利益沖突 conflict of interests利害關(guān)系人interested person連帶法律關(guān)系 join

38、t legal relations連帶責(zé)任 joint and several obligation論理解釋 logical interpretation羅馬法Roman Law； Jus Romanum羅馬法系 Roman-Law System羅馬皇帝優(yōu)士丁尼一世Justinian I羅馬法理學(xué) jurisprudential羅馬法律匯編Roman Digest羅馬法學(xué)派 school of Romanists羅馬日耳曼法系 Roman-Germanic family羅馬私法 Jus Privatum邏輯解釋 logical interpretation馬伯里訴麥迪遜案 Marbury vs

39、. Madison馬克思主義法律理論 Marxism-leninism馬克思主義法學(xué) Marxist jurisprudence馬克思主義法學(xué)家 Marxist jurist沒有事實根據(jù)的 unsubstantial美國國際法協(xié)會 American Institute of International Law美國海事法庭 Admiralty Courts of the U.S.A.美國聯(lián)邦地區(qū)法院 United States district courts美國聯(lián)邦法官 federal judge沒有法律依據(jù)的 lawless沒有判決先例的案件 case of first impression民

40、法大全Corpus Juris Civilis民法典 civil code民法法系Civil-Law System民法通則： General Principles of the Civil Law民法學(xué) science of civil law民事案件中“占有優(yōu)勢證據(jù)”的原則 “by a preponderance of evidence” in civil cases民事權(quán)利能力：the capacity for civil rights民事權(quán)益：civil rights and interests民事訴訟法學(xué) Civil Procedure Law民事制裁 civil punishment

41、； civil sanction民政部門：the civil affairs department明代法規(guī) laws and regulations of Ming Dynasty明示或默示的 express or implied默示表達 communication by implication拿破侖法典 The Code Napolean內(nèi)部規(guī)章 internal regulations納妾制 concubinage南京條約 （1843） Treaty of Nanking， 1843擬制理論 fiction theory擬制買賣 mancipatio歐洲大陸法 continental la

42、w偶然權(quán)利 contingent right偶然因果關(guān)系 fortuitous causal relationship偶然因素 accidentalia偶因 accidental cause排他的權(quán)利 right to exclude all others派生的權(quán)利 derived right派生取得 derivative acquisition判例法系 Case Law System普通法法系 Common-Law System判例法系 Case Law System判例匯編 reports； reports of judgments普通法 common law普通法法系 Common-La

43、w System普通法上的補償 common-law remedy普通法上的過失 common-law negligence普通法上的留置權(quán) common-law lien普通法學(xué) general jurisprudence強制辦法 coercive method強制規(guī)定 mandatory provisions強制性法規(guī) mandatory rule of law強制性條款 mandatory term侵犯財產(chǎn)權(quán) property torts侵權(quán)行為法 tort law侵權(quán)責(zé)任 tortious liability清理法規(guī) check up laws and regulations區(qū)域性法律

44、體系 regional system of laws取證 obtain evidence確權(quán)之訴 affirmative petitory action； cause for ownership affirmation確認之訴 action for confirmation； actio confessoria權(quán)威解釋 authentic interpretation人法 human law， statute personalia人格減等 capitis deminutio人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person人身非財產(chǎn)關(guān)系 personal non-proper

45、ty relations人身關(guān)系 personal relation任意解釋 arbitrary interpretation日耳曼法Germanic law柔性憲法 flexible constitution三權(quán)分立 separation of powers善意推定 presumption of good faith商法 commercial law商法典 code of commerce社會法學(xué)sociological jurisprudence社會關(guān)系 social relations社會規(guī)范 social regulation社會連帶主義法學(xué) social solidarism jur

46、isprudence社會契約論 theory of social contract社會團體：social organization社會主義法學(xué) socialist jurisprudence社會主義法制 socialist legal system； socialist rule of law神法 divine law神權(quán)說 theory of divine right審查制度 censorship； inspection system審計監(jiān)督 supervise through auditing審計監(jiān)督權(quán) power to supervise through auditing生效條款 ope

47、rative clause失效法律 expired laws失效日 expiry date施行細則 implementary provisions實證主義法學(xué)派 the positivist school十二表法 Twelve Tables實體法 material law； substantial law實體法上的抗辯 substantial defense實體權(quán)利 substantive right實用主義法學(xué) judicial pragmaticism實在法 positive law實在法學(xué) positive jurisprudence實在法學(xué)派 positivist實在主義法學(xué) posi

48、tivist jurisprudence實證法學(xué) positive jurisprudence實質(zhì)條款 material stipulation實質(zhì)性的瑕疵 defect of substance實質(zhì)性解釋 material interpretation事實的推定 presumption of fact事業(yè)單位：institution適用法律 reference to the law； applicable law適用范圍 area of application； sphere of application適用中國法律：be governed by the law of PRC （The la

49、w of PRC shall apply to）溯及既往原則 doctrine of retroactivity溯及力 retrospect； retrospective effect損害賠償 damages梭倫 Solon彈性憲法 elastic constitution特別程序 special procedure特別但書 special proviso特別法 special law特殊主體 special subject提案motion； overture； proposal提出抗辯 raise a plea； raise a plead條約法 law of treaties同態(tài)復(fù)仇 re

50、taliation推定合法presumption of legality停止生效cease to have effect外國法 foreign law外國法制史 foreign legal history外國人待遇 foreigner treatment完全民事權(quán)利能力：full capacity for civil conduct完全喪失行為能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction完全無行為能力 absolute disability萬民法 jus gentium違法構(gòu)成要件 essential condition of deli

51、ct違憲 violation of constitution烏爾比安 Ulpianus無國籍人：stateless persons無條件解釋 unconditional interpretation無效的法律 void law無效法律行為 void act； act without legal effect物權(quán) property西塞羅Marcus Tullius Cicero習(xí)慣法custom law細則 detailed rules and regulations； details by-laws狹義解釋 narrow definition下文另有規(guī)定者除外 except as herein

52、after provided先決條件 precedent condition； prerequisite現(xiàn)實主義法學(xué) realism jurisprudence現(xiàn)行法律 current law； existing law限制解釋 restrictive interpretation憲法的解釋 interpretation of constitution憲法修正案 constitution amendment憲法學(xué) constitutional jurisprudence相對主義法學(xué) relativist jurisprudence新分析法學(xué) new analytical jurisprudence新律 New Law ， Novellae行為規(guī)范 code of conduct學(xué)說編纂the Pandekta形式主義法學(xué) formalist jurisprudence亞里士多德 Aristotle嚴格解釋 strict interpretation嚴重不法行為 aggravated