中考形容詞、副詞講義

1、.形容詞、副詞中考試題對形容詞的考察涉及形容詞原級、比較級和最高級的各種句型，形容詞作定語的位置，易混淆的形容詞用法辨析等。從考察形式看，一般有單項選擇、完形填空、詞語運用等。 一. 形容詞：形容詞主要用來修飾名詞或代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞。形容詞在句中可用作表語、定語、補(bǔ)語等。1作定語，放在名詞前， something, anything, nothing, everything等復(fù)合不定代詞之后；形容詞修飾疑問代詞時，也須放在其后。 如：Its a cold and windy day. Would you like something hot to drink? What

2、 else can you see? 你還能看見其它什么東西？2作表語，放在系動詞之后。常見的系動詞有be, become, get變, turn變, feel, look看起來, seem, smell, sound, taste。如： He looks happy today. Silk feels soft. 綢子摸起來很軟。 Milk is able to turn bad easily in summer.3作賓補(bǔ)，放在賓語之后 keep/find/make/think+賓語+形容詞作賓補(bǔ) We are making our country strong.4. 形容詞的排列順序：如：

3、a big yellow Chinese wooden ship一個黃色的大型中國木船 前置形容詞作定語的順序為： 限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老；顏色國籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠； “限定詞包括：冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、或數(shù)詞等。更多資料QQ378459309制作：表觀點的 “描繪性形容詞如：beautiful、bad、interesting、great等?！按箝L高表示大小、長短、上下等一些詞big,small, ,short, tall表示“形狀的詞如：round, square等。年齡，新舊，顏色的形容詞young，old，new，white，red等 “國籍指一個國家或地區(qū)的詞。Chi

4、nese，rural鄉(xiāng)村的 “材料的詞如：wooden, woolen, stone,silk等。 “作用類別的詞如：medical, college，writing desk，police car等。兩個圓形的藍(lán)色日本塑料盤 5、有關(guān)形容詞的用法辨析： whole與all：記住兩個詞序： the whole + 名詞；如：He was busy the whole morning.整個早晨他都很忙 all of the + 名詞。 He can remember all the words he learns. tall與high, short與low：指人的個子樹、樓時用tall與shor

5、t；如：Hes very tall/short.他個子高/矮 Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.指其他事物含價格price時一般用high與low。 A few people live on high mountains. real與true： real一般指東西的真假,譯為“真的 This is a real diamond and its very expensive.true指事情或消息的可靠性“真實的-Is that true?Yes. I heard it with my own ears. interested

6、與interesting的區(qū)別： interesting指人或東西“有趣的,作定語或表語, 如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. / This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself. interested那么表示人對別的事物“感興趣的,只能作表語 I am interested in science. excited/exciting; bored/boring等類似5nice與fine：的區(qū)別：nice表示令人愉快的,可以指東西、人物外表等

7、；如：Lets go and share the nice cake./ She is a nice girl.漂亮的【good/well區(qū)別見資料】fine一般指身體或天氣好 What a fine day!多好的天氣！/ I am fine.我身體很好6too much與much too：too much表示“太多的,修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表數(shù)量；如：I am full because I have had too much rice.much too表示“太,修飾形容詞或副詞，表程度。 That coat is much too dear.7 quick、fast與soon：quick與fas

8、t根本同義quick常指反響速度快After a quick lunch, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.fast往往指運動速度快, A train is much faster than a bus.soon那么表示時間上很快即將發(fā)生將來時。His father will be back to China very soon. 8lonely與alone：lonely 有感情色彩的形容詞,意思是：“孤獨的,寂寞的；荒涼的,作定語或表語alone adj.“單獨的,單獨的,客觀情況,僅作表語,作為副詞的alone可作狀語。如：He l

9、ives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.他一人獨住,但是并不感到孤獨He is a lonely person.9sick與ill區(qū)別：sick和ill都表示“生病的,但是,sick可以做定語、表語,而ill只能做表語，如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now. Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets owners like them.ill做定語意為“壞的ill words壞話二.副詞 中考試題對副詞的考察涉及常用副詞的用

10、法、副詞等級的各種句型、易混淆的副詞用法辨析等。 1. 副詞的分類 副詞按詞匯意義可分為： 方式副詞：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly 程度副詞：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite 地點副詞：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home 時間副詞：today，early，soon，now，then，recently 頻度副詞：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never 否認(rèn)副詞：no，not，neither，nor 疑問副詞：where，how，wh

11、y 其他：also，too，only2. 副詞的根本用法： 副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句話，表示時間、地點、程度、方式等概念。如：We should listen to our teachers carefully. 修飾動詞 He is very happy today. 表時間 “What happened?I asked, rather angrily. 修飾adv./In spring,I can see flowers everywhere. 表地點3.副詞的位置 時間副詞：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾

12、,already、just一般放在動詞的前面。I will do it omorrow. 疑問副詞：how , when, where, why放在句子的開頭。如Where did he go yesterday? 關(guān)系副詞,連接副詞放在所連接從句的開頭I should like to know when the new term will begin? 頻度副詞通常都放在動詞前面，但假設(shè)句子里面有情態(tài)動詞，助動詞或動詞be，就放在這類動詞的后面。例如： He often does this. / You must always bear this in mind. 副詞排列順序a時間，地點副

13、詞，小單位在前，大單位在后b方式副詞，短的在前，長的在后，并用and或but等連詞連接。Please write slowly and carefully. c多個不同副詞排列：程度+地點+方式+時間副詞。He worked very well here last week. 注意：副詞very 可以修飾形容詞，但不能直接修飾動詞。改錯： I very like English. 4. 常見副詞用法辨析1already,yet與still的區(qū)別 already用于如今完成時態(tài)的肯定句句中，表示“已經(jīng)； He had already left when I called.yet用于如今完成時態(tài)的

14、否認(rèn)句句末，表示“還，用于疑問句句末，表示“已經(jīng)。 Have you found your ruler yet？/ I havent finished my homework yet.still表事情還在進(jìn)展He still works until late every night.2so與such的區(qū)別 so修飾形容詞或副詞；such 修飾名詞。如： My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him. / He is such a boy. 他是一個這樣的孩子。aso修飾的構(gòu)造是“so形容詞a/an可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。bsuch修飾的構(gòu)造是“such a

15、/an形容詞可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，c“such形容詞可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞。如 He is so clever a boy.He is such a clever boy. 改錯 It is so cold weather. They are so good students. 假如可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前有many，few或不可數(shù)名詞前有much，little修飾，用so不用such。如： so many如此多的；so few如此少的可以加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 so much如此多的；so little如此少的可以加不可數(shù)名詞。 So time so people A so many B so few C so

16、much D such little3also, too, as well與either 的區(qū)別 also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be動詞，情態(tài)動詞，助動詞之后，行為動詞之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否認(rèn)句中，置于句末。如：My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher. My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，too. I

17、cant speak French, Jenny cant speak French，either.4sometime, sometimes, some time與some times的區(qū)別 sometime 某一時間，某一時刻可指將來時，也可指過去時 / sometimes 有時，不時的 some time 一段時間 / some times 幾次，幾倍 如：Well have a test sometime next month. 下個月的某一時間，我們要進(jìn)展一次測試。 Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not. He stayed in

18、 Beijing for some time last year. / I have been to Beijing some times. 5ago與before的區(qū)別 ago表示以如今為起點的“以前，常與一般過去時連用，不可以單獨使用。 before指過去或?qū)淼哪硶r刻“以前，也可泛指以前，常和完成時連用，可以單獨使用。如： I saw him ten minutes ago. / He told me that he had seen the film before. 6how 的幾個短語：how often“多常,每隔多久,用于一般時態(tài),對表示頻度的詞語進(jìn)展提問；how soon“多久

19、以后,常用于將來時態(tài)，對in引導(dǎo)的一段時間提問； how long“多久用于過去時、完成時或其他時態(tài)，常對于for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語提問； how many times“多少次,用于過去時或完成時,對總計次數(shù)進(jìn)展提問； how much“多少,對程度進(jìn)展提問,也可以對數(shù)量不可數(shù)或金錢進(jìn)展提問。how many多少對可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量進(jìn)展提問。how far “多遠(yuǎn)對間隔 進(jìn)展提問如： have you been like this?-For 2 days. / - does he wash his face? Once a day. Will be come back?-In five mi

20、nutes. / - is it from your home to your school?7 hard與hardly的用法: hard作為副詞意思是“努力地,猛烈地, They study English very hard.hardly是否認(rèn)詞,意思是：“幾乎不,一般與情態(tài)動詞can/could連用。You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.8 now，just與just now的區(qū)別now：與一般如今時、如今進(jìn)展時、如今完成時連用，意為“如今just：與如今完成時連用，表示“剛 just now：和過去時連用，表示“剛剛Whe

21、re does he live_? / We have _ seen the film. / He was here_. 三形容詞，副詞的比較級、最高級 1. 規(guī)那么變化2. 不規(guī)那么變化1資料P98不規(guī)那么變化表更多資料QQ378459309制作：2以下單、雙音節(jié)詞只能加more和most原級比較級最高級like相似的，同樣的more likemost likereal真的more realmost realtired疲憊的more tiredmost tiredpleased快樂的more pleasedmost pleasedoften經(jīng)常more oftenmost often四. 形

22、容詞，副詞等級的用法 1. 原級的用法 1有very，quite，so，too, enough等修飾的詞，用原級 如：He is too tired to walk on. 2 肯定句中A+ as+adj./adv.的原級+as +B A和B一樣 否認(rèn)句中 A+not asso +adj./adv.的原級+as+B A 和B不一樣 eg：Tom is as old as Kate./ Tom is twice as old as Kate. This room is not as/so big as that one. 這個房間不如那個大。2. 比較級的用法 1 A.+比較級+ than+ B

23、 A比B用比較級 Tom is taller than Kate. 湯姆比凱特高。 2 可以修飾比較級的詞：much, a lot, far; a little，a bit; even; still,表程度It is much colder today than yesterday. 3選擇疑問句中，二選一時 Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？ 4用比較級表示最高級的意思 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.在中國長江比其它任何一條河都長。5“比較級and比較級表示“越來越 如：He is getting taller and taller./ The flowers are more and more beautiful. 6“the比較級，the比較級表示“越，就越 如：The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make. 7在比較級中為了防止重復(fù)，在than后常用one，that，those等詞來替代前面提到過的名詞。 如：The weather here is warmer than that in Shanghai. 8表示倍數(shù)的比較：A.+倍數(shù)+than