大學(xué)英語四級改革適用(閱讀)模擬試卷284

1、大學(xué)英語四級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷284（ 總分： 60.00 ，做題時間： 90 分鐘 ）一、Reading Comprehension（總題數(shù)：6，分?jǐn)?shù)：60.00）1. Part III Reading Comprehension （分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00 ）解析：2. Section C （分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00 ） 解析：Cars and other road vehicles are the single main source of harmful nitrogen oxides. Road transport remains the biggestsource of harmful

2、air pollution in the EU despite efforts to reduce emissions over the past decades. A report publishedby the European Environment Agency （EEA） shows that it is the single main source of nitrogen oxides, carbonmonoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds. It is also the second most important so

3、urce of PM10 andPM2.5 particles. As well as road transport, manufacturing industries, construction, the residential sector and agricultureare the main sources of air pollution in Europe today, the agency said. The EEAsaid: Particulate matter from sourcessuch as vehicle exhausts and residential heati

4、ng can affect the lungs and harm people of all ages, but it is known topose an extra risk to those with existing heart and respiratory problems. Air pollutants are also responsible for theacidification of forests and water ecosystems, and eutrophication of soils and waters leading to a limited suppl

5、y ofoxygen in rivers and lakes. A spokesperson for campaign group T&E（the European Federation for Transport andEnvironment） told EDIE: One of the key reasons that transport is still such a major cause of air pollution in Europe isbecause transport users rarely have to pay for the pollution they

6、cause. Currently Member States are forbidden fromincluding pollution charges in road tolls.The Commission just last month proposed to change the rules, a move that we urge the Parliament and Ministers tosupport. There are also some positive signs of change as London and a number of Germancities have

7、 introduced lowemission zones over the last year. But there is still a long way to go. According to the report, nitrogen oxide emissionsdecreased by 35% between 1990 and 2006, although the rate of decrease was just 1.8% in the final year of that period.Electricity and heat production remains the mai

8、n source of sulphur oxides emissions, followed by manufacturingindustries and construction sources. In contrast, agricultural activities were responsible for the vast majority of ammoniaemissions livestock manure and fertilisers accounted for more than 90% of the emissions. （分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00 ）（1）.In order

9、to control air pollution in the past years, the EUhas tried to _. （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. impose strict laws on pollution controlB. cut down on the number of vehiclesC. restrict the sources of nitrogen oxidesD.trim the discharge of car exhaustsV解析：解析：第 2 段中的 efforts to reduce emission 表明歐盟努力減少“排放”，而結(jié)合上文提到的空 氣

10、污染的主要來源可以推斷這里的“排放”應(yīng)該是指汽車尾氣的排放，由此可見，D 是對 reduce emission的同義改寫，為本題答案。（2）.According to the EEA, what is the second most important source of PM10 and PM2.5 particles?（分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. Air pollution.B. Nitrogen oxide.C. Road transport.VD. Organic compounds.解析：解析：本題要考查的是第 4 段開頭 It 的所指。本文開頭四段都提到了 source 一詞，第 1

11、 段和第 2 段都提到了汽車、 交通是造成空氣污染的主要來源， 雖然第 3 段和第 4 段沒有明確指出段落中的 source 是 什么，但結(jié)合上兩段就可以知道這四段的 source 所指是相同的，因此，本題應(yīng)選C。（3）.What can we infer about eutrophication? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. lt is resulted from air pollution.VB. It comes from oxygen production.C. lt brings about air pollution.D. lt brings about oxygen produc

12、tion.解析：解析：第 7 段中的 responsible 和 leading to 描述了一個關(guān)系鏈：air pollution 導(dǎo)致 eutrophication , 而eutrophication 導(dǎo)致河流和湖泊中的氧氣供給減少，由此可見，本題應(yīng)選A。（4）_ .The campaigngroup T&Eadvocates that air pollution should be reduced by _ . （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. raising peoples awarenessB. imposing an economic stimulusVC. increasing

13、 government fundingsD. calling for international cooperation解析：解析：第 8 段末的 pay 和第 9 段末的 tolls 的詞義都與“收費(fèi)”有關(guān)，結(jié)合第8 段內(nèi)容可知 T&E 認(rèn)為應(yīng)該采取“誰污染誰付錢”的經(jīng)濟(jì)措施，可見，本題應(yīng)選B。（5）_ .The report published by the EEA.is aimed at revealing._（分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. the types of air pollutantsVB. the effects of road transportC. the measu

14、res against air pollutionD. the prospect of environment protection解析：解析：本文開頭五段和最后三段講的主要是造成空氣污染的來源， 不同的來源由不同的污染物造成， 因此，也可以說本文 EEA 的報告主要列舉了各種造成空氣污染的污染物/污染源，由此可見，本題應(yīng)選 AoThe Earth comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle madeof silicate（ 硅酸鹽 ） that are semi-molten at depth

15、, and the thin, solid-surface crust. There are two kinds of crust, a lower anddenser oceanic crust and an upper, lighter continental crust found over only about 40 percent of the Earths surface.The rocks of the crust are of very different ages.Somecontinental rocks are over 3,000 million years old,

16、while those of theocean floor are lessthan 200 million years old. The crusts and the top, solid part of the mantle, totaling about 70to 100 kilometers in thickness, at present appear to consist of about 15 rigid plates, 7 of which are very large. Theseplates move over the semi-molten lower mantle to

17、 produce all of the major topographical （ 地形學(xué)的 ） features of theEarth. Active zones where intense deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries ofcontact of the plates. There are three main types of zones of contact: spreading contacts where plates move apart,converging c

18、ontacts where plates move towards each other, and transform contacts where plates slide past each other.Newoceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of theEarths crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions （爆發(fā)） of lava （ 火山 熔巖） atmid-ocean r

19、idges. lf at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents, a rift （裂縫 ） is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the sea The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as theAmerican and Afro-European plates moved in opposite directions. Whentwo plates carrying continents collide

20、,thecontinental blocks, too light to be drawn down, continue to floatand therefore buckle（起褶皺 ）to form a mountain chain along the length of the margin of the plates.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00 ）（1）.The Earths crust_ . （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. can be classified into two typesVB. is formed along the margins of the platesC. consis

21、ts of semi-molten rocksD. is about 70 to 100 kilometers thick解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)A 與文章第 1 段第 2 句所述一致，為正確答案。此類題可采用排除法。根據(jù)第 2 段第 2 句的內(nèi)容可以知道選項(xiàng)B 所指的只是地殼中的一種，而不是所有地殼。選項(xiàng)C 與文章第 1 句的內(nèi)容不符。選項(xiàng) D 的主語應(yīng)該是地殼和上層的地幔，不僅僅是地殼。（2）.The 15 plates of the Earth are formed from _ . （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. the oceanic crusts and continental c

22、rustsB. the crusts and the mantleC. the crusts and the top and solid part of the mantleVD. the continental crusts and the solid part of the mantle解析：解析：推理判斷題。此題可定位到第 1 段倒數(shù)第 3 句。題干中的 15 plates 是原文該句中的賓語， 且該句的謂語中心詞是 consist of（ 由.組成），題干的謂語是 are formed from，這意思一致，但題目用的是被動語態(tài)， 表明答案可從原文該句的主語得到。 主語中的 top 和

23、 solid 并列修飾 part of the mantle 。 選項(xiàng) C為該句的同義替換，故正確。（3）_.Seriously-deformed zones appear. （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. whenever the crusts move over mantleB. when the plates move towards each otherC. in the narrow boundaries where two plates meetVD. to be the major topographical feature of the Earth解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)C 是

24、對第 1 段最后一句的同義改寫。文章中沒有提到選項(xiàng)A 中 the crustsmove overmantle 這種現(xiàn)象；選項(xiàng) B 提到的現(xiàn)象在第 2 段第 1 句才討論到，與題干無關(guān)；文中也沒有提到 嚴(yán)重變形的地區(qū)是地球的主要地形特征，因此選項(xiàng)D 不正確。（4）.According_ tothe second paragraph, the formation of the Atlantic Ocean is the example of_.（分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. spreading contactsVB. the influence of volcanic eruptionsC. conv

25、erging contactsD. transform contacts解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第 2 段主要分成兩部分：第一部分談板塊活動的三種形式，第二部分分別舉例 說明。其中在說明 spreading contacts 時，引用了大西洋的例子：“ The Atlantic Ocean formed like this”，所以答案為 Ao（5）_.This passage is probably. （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. a newspaper advertisementB. a chapter of a novelC. an excerpt from a textbookVD. a

26、scientific report of new findings解析：解析：主旨大意題。由本文的語言風(fēng)格和描述內(nèi)容可以判定這篇文章既不是商業(yè)性的，也不是文學(xué)性的，同時文中敘述的內(nèi)容具有科普性質(zhì)，不可能是太前沿性的，因此A B、D 三項(xiàng)都不正確，選項(xiàng) C 為此題答案。A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together.Insects have survived on earth for more than

27、 300 millionyears, and maypossess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere on the highest mountainsand on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground,jump and sing in the trees, and run and dan

28、ce in the air. They come in many differentcolors and various shapes.Insects are extremely useful to humans,pollinating （ 授粉） our crops as well as flowers in meadows, forests, deserts and other areas.But ticks and some insects, such as mosquitoes and fleas, can transmit disease. There are many reason

29、s why insectsare so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperaturesand environments. The one place they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects cansurvive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods

30、 paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plantsand animals.Because they are small, they can hide in tiny spaces. A strong, hard but flexible shell coverstheir soft organs and is resistant to chemicals, water and physical impact. Their wings give them the option of flyingaway from d

31、angerous situations or toward food or mates. Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: AnAfrican ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective color. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearlyinvisible because it is

32、cleverly disguised like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen（ 青苔 ） , a seed or some othernatural object. Someinsects use bright, bold colors to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison.Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, confusing their

33、 enemies. Some insects also imitatebitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them. （分?jǐn)?shù)： 10.00 ）（1）.Insects can be found in large amounts in the following places EXCEPT_ . （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. on the mountains with little airB. in the cold polar areasC. in the hot desert areasD. in the

34、 open oceansV解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查對復(fù)合句的理解。本題涉及兩個段落，第 2 段及第 3段都提及昆蟲大 量生長的地方，第 3 段第 3 句中的 The one place 指出了答案。（2）_.Insects protect themselves from chemicals by.（分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. hiding in tiny spacesB. having a strong shellVC. flying away when necessaryD. changing colors or shapes解析：解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查對復(fù)雜句的理解。第4 段第

35、1 句指出了答案。protectfrom是對resistant to 的同義替換。（3）_ .Some insects disguise like natural objects so as to .（分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. frighten away their enemiesB. avoid being discoveredVC. send warning signalsD. look bitter-tasting解析：解析：推理判斷題。本題考查對長句的理解。最后一段第 2 句中的 nearly invisible 表明昆蟲偽裝 是為了不被發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此B 為正確選項(xiàng)。其他選項(xiàng)雖然都是昆蟲偽

36、裝的目的，但都與偽裝成自然物體無關(guān)。（4）_ .The passage mentions that insects .（分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. can be found in any extreme environmentsB. have survived longer than any other creaturesC. can be fed on any natural or man-made foodsD. are important for the growth of crops and flowersV解析：解析：推理判斷題。本題考查對含有分詞結(jié)構(gòu)句子的理解。根據(jù)第2 段倒數(shù)第 2

37、 句中的 useful 及分詞結(jié)構(gòu) pollinating可推斷昆蟲對植物的生長有益處。選項(xiàng) A B、C 中都有 any,過于絕對。由第 3 段第 2、3 句可知選項(xiàng) A 不對。文章雖在開頭指出昆蟲存活的年代久遠(yuǎn)，但全文未提到它是存活時間最長的生物，所以選項(xiàng) B 錯誤。至于昆蟲的食物，第3 段倒數(shù)第 2 句有提及，但只是 a wide range of，由此可排除選項(xiàng) C。（5）_.The passage is mainly about . （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. how insects survive in different placesB. why insects can survi

38、ve so successfullyVC. what insects can do to the environmentD. where insects can be found in quantity 解析：解析：主旨大意題。本文前兩段首先描述了昆蟲生存了很長的時間，并能在各種地方生長，然后引 出文章要討論的重點(diǎn)， 即昆蟲為什么能成功存活。 第 3 段第 1 句為本文的中心句， 因此本題正確選項(xiàng)為 B。Federal Express is a company that specializes in rapid overnight delivery of high-priority packa

39、ges. The first companyof its type, Federal Express was founded by the youthful Fred Smith in 1971, when he was only 28 years old. Smith hadactually developed the idea for the rapid delivery service in a term paper for an economics class when he was a studentat Yale University. The term paper receive

40、d a less-than-stellar grade because of the infeasibility of the project thatSmith had outlined. The model that Smith proposed had never been tried; it was a model that was efficient to operatebut at the same time very difficult to institute. Smith achieved efficiency in his model by designing a syst

41、em that wasseparate from the passenger system and could, therefore, focus on how to deliver packages most efficiently. Hisstrategy was to have his own planes so that he could create his own schedules and to ship all packages through thecentralized hub city of Memphis, a set-up which resembles the sp

42、okes （輪輻 ） on the wheel of a bicycle. With thiscombination of his own planes and hub set-up, he could get packages anywhere in the United States overnight. Whatmade Smiths idea difficult to institute was the fact that the entire system had to be created before the company couldbegin operations.He ne

43、eded a fleet of aircraftto collectpackages from airports every night and deliver them to Memphis, where they were immediately sorted and flown out totheir new destinations; he needed a fleet of trucks to deliver packages to and from the various airports; he neededfacilities and trained staff all in

44、place to handle the operation. Smith had a $4 million inheritance from his father, and hemanagedto raise an additional 91 million dollars from venture capitalists to get the company operating.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00 ）（1）.The most appropriate title for this passage is _ . （分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. The Problems and Frustration

45、s of a Business StudentB. The Importance of Business StudiesC. The Capitalization of Federal ExpressD.The Implementation of a Successful BusinessV解析：解析：主旨大意題。本文講述了“聯(lián)邦快遞”公司的創(chuàng)立。其創(chuàng)立者在學(xué)生時代就有了這個想法， 后來設(shè)法使計(jì)劃可行?？朔嗽S多困難之后，他籌集到足夠的資金，創(chuàng)辦了這家公司，只有選項(xiàng)D 能概括全文的主要內(nèi)容。選項(xiàng)A、B、C 提到的都只是細(xì)節(jié)，不是文章的主題。（2）.What is stated in the passage aboutSmiths term paper?（分?jǐn)?shù)： 2.00 ）A. Smith submitted it through a delivery service.B. It was