人教版高中英語選修9課件：Unit 2 Sailing the oceansLanguage Points

1、人教課標(biāo)人教課標(biāo) 高三高三 選修選修 9 Unit 2 We may well wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ships position on a map. 在經(jīng)緯度未能繪出航船在地圖上的位置在經(jīng)緯度未能繪出航船在地圖上的位置之前，我們很想知道航海員是怎樣在海之前，我們很想知道航海員是怎樣在海上探險的。上探險的。 Page 12【考點【考點 1】 it 作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式短語。動詞不

2、定式短語?！究祭俊究祭?The fact that she was foreign made _ difficult for her to get a job in that country. A. so B. muchC. that D. it 【點撥】【點撥】選選 D。句意為。句意為“她是外國人的事實使她是外國人的事實使得她在那個國家很難找到工作。得她在那個國家很難找到工作?！?句句中的中的to get a job in that country 是動詞是動詞不定式短語，作不定式短語，作made的賓語，的賓語，difficult是賓語補足語，此處是賓語補足語，此處it作形式賓語，其作形

3、式賓語，其他詞沒有這種用法。他詞沒有這種用法?！究键c【考點 2】position 作名詞，意為作名詞，意為“位置，職位位置，職位”?！究祭俊究祭?From their _ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation【點撥】【點撥】 選選 B。句意為。句意為“從電視塔頂部的位置，從電視塔頂部的位置，游客們可以更好地看到城市的景色。游客們可以更好地看到城市的景色?！?position 位置，符合句意。

4、位置，符合句意。stage 舞臺；舞臺； condition 條件，環(huán)境；條件，環(huán)境； situation 形勢，形勢，處境。處境。2. The voyages of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not at the mercy of the sea even though they did not have modern navigational aids. 17世紀(jì)以前的航海記錄顯示，即使沒有世紀(jì)以前的航海記錄顯示，即使沒有 現(xiàn)代航海技術(shù)的幫助，他們也沒有任憑現(xiàn)代航海技術(shù)的幫助，他們也沒有任憑 海洋擺布。海洋擺

5、布?！军c撥】【點撥】 此句是一個復(fù)合句。主句為：此句是一個復(fù)合句。主句為：The voyages of travellers before the 17th century show；從句為；從句為 that 引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的 _從句：從句： that they were not . modern navigational aids，作，作 _ 的賓語。在的賓語。在此從句中，包含一個由此從句中，包含一個由 _ 引引導(dǎo)的導(dǎo)的 _ 從句：從句：even though they did not have modern navigational aids。讓步狀語讓步狀語賓語賓語showeven thou

6、gh(1) voyage n./ vi. 航海航海, 航行航行e.g. The voyage from England to India used to take six months.過去從英國航行到印度要六個月。過去從英國航行到印度要六個月。 go on / make / take a sea voyage去航海旅行去航海旅行voyager n. 航行者航行者, 航海者航海者They have got everything ready to make a _ across the Atlantic.A. trip B. travel C. voyage D. tour(2) at the

7、mercy of【雙語釋義】【雙語釋義】not able to stop sb. / sth. harming you because they have power or control over you 受受支配；對支配；對無能為力；任無能為力；任由由擺布擺布e.g. They were absolutely at the mercy of the king. 他們完全任國王處置。他們完全任國王處置。We are at the mercy of the weather. 我們拿天氣毫無辦法。我們拿天氣毫無辦法。I wouldnt like to be at the mercy of suc

8、h a cruel man. 我可不愿受如此殘酷的人的擺布。我可不愿受如此殘酷的人的擺布。 【小試】【小試】 根據(jù)所給提示完成下列句子。根據(jù)所給提示完成下列句子。 They _ (對對毫不憐毫不憐 憫憫) to the enemies.2. _ (幸運的是幸運的是) she wasnt seriously hurt.3. The old man was treated _ (無情地?zé)o情地).showed no mercyIt is a mercywithout mercy4. The young man is not going to put himself _ (任任 由銀行擺布由銀行擺布)

9、.at the mercy of the bank(3) even though 用作連詞，意為用作連詞，意為“盡管，盡管， 即使即使”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _ she was an only child. A. ever since B. now thatC. even though D. even aseven though “盡管，雖然盡管，雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。語從句。 ever since “自從自從以來以來”，常，常和完成時態(tài)連用；和完成時態(tài)連用；n

10、ow that “既然，由既然，由于于”；even as “正當(dāng)，恰恰在正當(dāng)，恰恰在的時的時候候”?！就卣埂俊就卣埂?even though 和和 even so 的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別：even though = even if 用作連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀用作連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；語從句；even so 用作副詞，意思是用作副詞，意思是“盡盡管這樣管這樣/那樣，即便如此那樣，即便如此”。Your uncle seems to be a good driver; _, I wouldnt dare to travel in his car.A. even soB. even thoughC. theref

11、oreD. so3. This seems to have been the first and most useful form of exploration which carried the minimum amount of risk. minimum (min) adj. 最小的最小的, 最低的最低的 n. 最小值最小值, 最小化最小化其反義詞為其反義詞為: maximum (max) adj. 最高的最高的, 最多的最多的, 最大極限的最大極限的 n. 最大量最大量, 最大限度最大限度, 極大極大e.g. The minimum requirements for the job a

12、re a degree and two years experience. 該工作的最低要求是要有學(xué)位和兩年該工作的最低要求是要有學(xué)位和兩年 的工作經(jīng)驗。的工作經(jīng)驗。 You must get a minimum of 40 questions right to pass the examination. 你最少必須答對你最少必須答對40道題才能通過考試。道題才能通過考試。 keep / reduce sth. to a minimum 將某物保持在將某物保持在/降低到最低限度降低到最低限度e.g. The school manages to keep bullying to a minimu

13、m. 學(xué)校設(shè)法最低限度得減少學(xué)校設(shè)法最低限度得減少恃強凌弱的行為。恃強凌弱的行為。The maximum number of students in each class is 58.每個班學(xué)生人數(shù)的最高限額是每個班學(xué)生人數(shù)的最高限額是58名。名。4. Seabirds could be used to show the way to land when it was nowhere to be seen. 【考點】【考點】 when在高考中?？嫉挠梅ㄓ校涸诟呖贾谐？嫉挠梅ㄓ校?1) 作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)當(dāng)時時”。2) 作連接副詞，引導(dǎo)名詞作

14、連接副詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或不定式，意為性從句或不定式，意為“什么時候什么時候”。從。從句使用陳述句語序，時態(tài)根據(jù)實際情況而句使用陳述句語序，時態(tài)根據(jù)實際情況而定。定。3) 作關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句。作關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句。4) 意為意為“這時這時”，構(gòu)成句型：，構(gòu)成句型： . was / were about to do . when .； . was / were doing . when .； . was / were going to do . when .； . was / were on the point of doing . when .； . had done . when

15、.。【考例】【考例】 Tom was about to close the window _ his attention was caught by a bird. A. when B. if C. and D. till【點撥】【點撥】 選選A。句意為。句意為“湯姆正要關(guān)窗，湯姆正要關(guān)窗，這時他的注意力被一只鳥吸引了。這時他的注意力被一只鳥吸引了?！?be about to do sth. when . 是一個固定句式，是一個固定句式，表示表示“某人正要做某人正要做這時這時”。nowhere adv. 無處無處, 到處都無到處都無 該詞用于句首時，要用倒裝語序。該詞用于句首時，要用倒裝語序。

16、 e.g. I have no job and nowhere to live.我沒工作，也沒地方住。我沒工作，也沒地方住。Nowhere could I see him.我哪兒也看不到他。我哪兒也看不到他。 Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _ such a beautiful palace. A. can you find B. you could find C. you can find D. could you findnowhere else 是否定詞，以否定詞開頭是否定詞，以否定詞開頭的句子要進(jìn)行倒裝。根

17、據(jù)上一個句子的的句子要進(jìn)行倒裝。根據(jù)上一個句子的謂語動詞可確定用一般現(xiàn)在時。謂語動詞可確定用一般現(xiàn)在時。注：注：nowhere 置于句首時，句子要用倒置于句首時，句子要用倒裝的語序。裝的語序。5. So seamen could follow the birds to land even if they were offshore and in the open sea. offshore adj./adv. 向海面吹的向海面吹的, 離岸的離岸的, 海海 面上的面上的, 海上海上/下作業(yè)的下作業(yè)的 offshore workers 海上作業(yè)的工人海上作業(yè)的工人 offshore bank/co

18、mpany/investment 境外銀行境外銀行/公司公司/投資投資offshore wind/current etc.從陸地吹向海面的風(fēng)從陸地吹向海面的風(fēng)/離岸的潮流離岸的潮流e.g. The storm moved offshore. 風(fēng)暴離岸移動。風(fēng)暴離岸移動。 A boat moored offshore. 船在近海下錨。船在近海下錨。6. They could accelerate the speed, but they could also be dangerous. accelerate vi./vt. = to (cause to) move faster 加速加速, 促進(jìn)促

19、進(jìn) e.g. She accelerated her car and passed the bus in front. 她加快車速超過了前面的公共汽車。她加快車速超過了前面的公共汽車。 The car suddenly accelerated. 那輛車突然開始加速。那輛車突然開始加速。 There was no secure method of measuring longitude until the 17th century when the British solved this theoretical problem. secure adj. 安全的安全的, 可靠的可靠的, 放心的放心

20、的, 無慮的無慮的 v. 保護保護, 使安全使安全 e.g. Our house is secure from flood. 我們的房子沒有被淹的危險。我們的房子沒有被淹的危險。Page 13security n.安全，保安，保護安全，保安，保護e.g. Security was tight during the Presidents visit. 總統(tǒng)來訪期間總統(tǒng)來訪期間, 保安工作十分嚴(yán)密。保安工作十分嚴(yán)密。 For security reasons the visitors were searched. 為了安全起見為了安全起見, 來賓受到了檢查。來賓受到了檢查。Some measure

21、s are needed to secure the bank from a flood. 這道堤防需要采取一這道堤防需要采取一些措施些措施, 免得被洪水沖壞。免得被洪水沖壞。2. The compass has a special magnetic pointer which always indicates the North Pole. magnetic adj. 磁的磁的, 有磁性的有磁性的, 有吸引有吸引 力的力的 magnet n. 磁體磁體, 磁鐵磁鐵 a magnetic recorder 磁錄音機磁錄音機 e.g. a magnetic compass bearing可分辨磁

22、極方向的羅盤可分辨磁極方向的羅盤a magnetic person 有魅力的人有魅力的人 The iron has lost its magnetic force. 這鐵已失去磁力。這鐵已失去磁力。 3. Then he could tell if he was sailing on his correct rather than a random course. random n. 隨意隨意, 任意任意 adj. 任意的任意的, 隨便的隨便的, 胡亂的胡亂的 make a random choice 任意選擇任意選擇 at random = aimlessly; without any pl

23、an 隨機，隨便隨機，隨便e.g. The travelers at the airport were searched at random.(搜查人員對搜查人員對)機場上的旅客隨便選機場上的旅客隨便選幾個人加以搜查。幾個人加以搜查。 Soiled dishes were piled at random. 臟碟子亂七八糟地堆著。臟碟子亂七八糟地堆著。4. It was awkward to use as one of the points of reference was the moving ship itself. awkward adj. 難使用的難使用的, 笨拙的笨拙的, 尷尬的尷尬的

24、; 棘手的棘手的, 難處理的難處理的An awkward situation arose during the peace talks. 在和平談判中出現(xiàn)了棘手的情況。在和平談判中出現(xiàn)了棘手的情況。e.g. There was an awkward silence, when no one knew what to say. 當(dāng)誰都不知道說什么時，出現(xiàn)了令人尷當(dāng)誰都不知道說什么時，出現(xiàn)了令人尷 尬的沉默。尬的沉默。5. This was a more precise and simplified version of the astrolabe. precise adj. 精確的精確的, 準(zhǔn)確

25、的準(zhǔn)確的 precision n. 精確精確(性性), 精密精密(度度)e.g. A lawyer needs a precise mind. 律師需要一絲不茍的精神。律師需要一絲不茍的精神。 A camera is an instrument of precision. 照相機是一種精密儀器。照相機是一種精密儀器。 【拓展】【拓展】 precisely adv. 準(zhǔn)確地；恰好地準(zhǔn)確地；恰好地 to be (more) precise 確切地說，準(zhǔn)確地說確切地說，準(zhǔn)確地說e.g. The shelf is about a meter long well, 98 cm, to be precis

26、e. 架子長約架子長約1米。嗯，準(zhǔn)確地說，是米。嗯，準(zhǔn)確地說，是98 厘米。厘米?！拘≡嚒俊拘≡嚒?用用 precise 的適當(dāng)形式填空。的適當(dāng)形式填空。 I can be reasonably _ about the time of the incident.2. The children are _ the ones who will suffer if they get divorced.precisepreciselysimplify vt. 單一化單一化, 簡單化簡單化simple adj. 簡單的簡單的e.g. The English in this story has been

27、simplified to make it easier to understand. 這個故事里的英語被這個故事里的英語被簡寫以便更容易理解。簡寫以便更容易理解。 His father lived a simple life in the country. 他父親在農(nóng)村過著簡樸的生活。他父親在農(nóng)村過著簡樸的生活。6. It was easier to handle because it was more portable.【考點【考點 1】 handle的意義和用法。句中的的意義和用法。句中的handle是及物動詞是及物動詞, 表示表示“操作操作, 操縱操縱”。此。此外外, handle還有

28、還有“拿；指揮；管理拿；指揮；管理, 處理；處理；經(jīng)營經(jīng)營”等含義。等含義?！究祭俊究祭?As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to _ the problem. A. handle B. raise C. face D. present【點撥】【點撥】 本題考查動詞辨析。句意為：因為這兒本題考查動詞辨析。句意為：因為這兒沒有人知道機器到底出了什么毛病，所沒有人知道機器到底出了什么毛病，所以我們必須派人去請一位工程師來處理以我們必須派人去請一位工程師來處理這個問題。

29、由句意可知，這個問題。由句意可知，handle 符合符合語境。語境。raise 舉起，提高，提出；舉起，提高，提出；face 面對，朝；面對，朝；present 贈送，呈交。贈送，呈交?！究键c【考點 2】句型句型“主語主語 + 系動詞系動詞 + 形容詞形容詞 + to do”的的用法。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中用法。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中, 如動詞不定式表示的如動詞不定式表示的動作與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓動作與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且形容詞表示主語的特征或性質(zhì)，關(guān)系，且形容詞表示主語的特征或性質(zhì)，則用動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。則用動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。如果動詞不定式的動詞是不及物

30、動詞如果動詞不定式的動詞是不及物動詞, 則則要后接相應(yīng)的介詞。要后接相應(yīng)的介詞。【考例】【考例】I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. A. to be breathed B. to breatheC. breathing D. being breathed【點撥】【點撥】第二個句子結(jié)構(gòu)為第二個句子結(jié)構(gòu)為 “be + 形容形容詞詞 + to do”，用動詞不定式的主動形式，用動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。表示被動意義。portable adj. 輕便的輕便的, 手提手提(式式)的的, 便攜便

31、攜 式的式的a portable typewriter 提式打字機提式打字機 a portable generator 便攜式發(fā)電機便攜式發(fā)電機7. Its shortcoming was that it still used the moving ship as one of the fixed points of reference.reference n. 提及提及, 涉及涉及, 參考參考, 參考書目參考書目, 證明書證明書(人人), 介紹信介紹信(人人)e.g. At the meeting the teacher made references to his heroic deeds

32、. 在會上老師提到了他的英雄事跡。在會上老師提到了他的英雄事跡。These are reference books for teachers. 這些是教師參考書。這些是教師參考書。refer v. 提到提到, 涉及涉及, 查閱查閱, 咨詢咨詢e.g. Her pupils often refer to this dictionary.她的學(xué)生經(jīng)常查這本字典。她的學(xué)生經(jīng)常查這本字典。Dont refer to it again. 別再提那件事。別再提那件事。shortcoming n. 缺點缺點, 短處短處(常用復(fù)數(shù)常用復(fù)數(shù))e.g. In spite of all her shortcomin

33、gs, she is still the best teacher the school has. 她盡管有些缺點，但仍然是該校最好她盡管有些缺點，但仍然是該校最好的教師。的教師。8. The sextant was the updated version of the astrolabe and quadrant which reduced the tendency to make mistakes. update v. 使現(xiàn)代化使現(xiàn)代化, 修正修正, 校正校正, 更新更新 n. 現(xiàn)代化現(xiàn)代化, 更新更新 updated adj. 最新的最新的, 現(xiàn)代化的現(xiàn)代化的, 適時的適時的 an up

34、dated and revised edition 最新修訂本最新修訂本tendency n. 趨向趨向, 傾向傾向e.g. Weve noticed a growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices. 我們注意到一種趨勢，越來越多的我們注意到一種趨勢，越來越多的人在家里工作而不在辦公室里上班。人在家里工作而不在辦公室里上班。have a tendency to do sth. 傾向于做某事傾向于做某事, 往往會做某事往往會做某事e.g. Jeans nice but she has a tendency t

35、o talk too much. 簡人倒不錯，就是往往太嘮叨。簡人倒不錯，就是往往太嘮叨。9. It proved to be the most accurate and reliable of these early navigational instruments. reliable adj. 可靠的可靠的, 可信賴的可信賴的 rely v. 依賴依賴, 依靠依靠, 信賴信賴, 信任信任, 依賴于依賴于 reliability n.可靠性可靠性e.g. She may forget to come - she is not very reliable. 她可能忘來了，她太不可靠。她可能忘來

36、了，她太不可靠。課文長句難句剖析課文長句難句剖析The compass has a special magnetic pointer which always indicates the North Pole, so it is used to help find the direction that the ship needs to go. 譯文：譯文：指南針有一個特殊的磁針，始指南針有一個特殊的磁針，始終指著北極。因此人們用它來幫助找終指著北極。因此人們用它來幫助找出船只所要去的方向。出船只所要去的方向。剖析剖析: pointer 是先行詞是先行詞, which 是引導(dǎo)詞是引導(dǎo)詞, 在從

37、句中作主語在從句中作主語, 引導(dǎo)后面定語從句引導(dǎo)后面定語從句always indicates the North Pole; so 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)后面的是結(jié)果狀語從句后面的是結(jié)果狀語從句; it 作形式主語作形式主語, 真正的主語是真正的主語是 to help find the direction; the direction 作為先行詞作為先行詞, that 是引導(dǎo)詞是引導(dǎo)詞, 引導(dǎo)定語從句引導(dǎo)定語從句 the ship needs to go。I. 根據(jù)下列各句句意及所給單詞的首字母根據(jù)下列各句句意及所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示或漢語提示, 寫出各單詞的正確形式。寫出各單詞的正確形式。1. The

38、 v_ from England to India used to take 6 months.2. A senior Chinese official said that China would actively plan its deep space _ (探險探險) over the next five years.voyageexploration3. Suddenly, the sun rose above the h_, and it looked just like a golden disk giving its dazzling sunshine.4. _ (海草海草), w

39、hich can be very tiny, or quite large, growing up to 30 metres long, are a fascinating and diverse group of organisms living in the earths oceans.horizonSeaweeds5. As the t_ receded we were able to look for shells. 6. She s_ the instructions so that the children could understand them easily.7. His b

40、ook on history contains many _ (提到提到) to George Washington. tidesimplifiedreferences8. He _ (存存) a sum of money in the bank each month. 9. The railway t_ shows the time when the trains arrive and depart.10. The _ (最低的最低的) wage is 4.25 dollars an hour.timetableminimumdepositsII. 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1. I have nothing to say _ relation to that matter.2. The refugees were _ sea for forty days before reaching land.3. What will you do wh