高一英語語法復(fù)習

1、重點詞匯講練重點詞匯講練 In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. (水管破裂水管破裂). burst (n./v.) 爆裂爆裂; 突發(fā)突發(fā) burst- burst- burst p48Pumped into too much air, the tyre of the bicycle suddenly burst (突然爆炸了突然爆炸了).A burst of applause/laughter followed the ending of the song. （一陣掌聲（一陣掌聲/大笑）大笑） The

2、 police burst in (through the door). 警察破門而入。警察破門而入。 burst in 突然闖進來；突然插嘴突然闖進來；突然插嘴 burst into sth. 突然突然起來起來 burst out doing sth.突然突然起來起來 burst into flames 突然起火（尤指火勢失控）突然起火（尤指火勢失控） burst into laughter =burst out laughing 突然哈哈大笑突然哈哈大笑 burst into tears =burst out crying 突然哭起來突然哭起來歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)運用運用 The audien

3、ce burst _ cheers. (突然歡呼起來突然歡呼起來).burst into tears / burst out crying into (2) All the viewers burst out _ (放放聲尖叫聲尖叫) with/in excitement as the Chinese team won the game.screaming(3) When she saw the news on TV that her hometown was completely destroyed by a terrible earthquake, she suddenly _(放聲大哭放

4、聲大哭).2. _ vt. 損害損害; 傷害傷害使受傷; p49 _ n. 損害損害; 傷害傷害 _ adj.受傷的受傷的injureinjuryinjuredThe number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.死傷的人數(shù)達到死傷的人數(shù)達到40多萬。多萬。 運用運用 Two players are out of the team because of _.(injure) He suffered serious _ to the arms and legs last week. (3) He _ (

5、injure) his arms and legs last week. (4) The _ (injure) were successfully rescued from the ruins. (5) He claimed that working too hard _ (損害他的健康損害他的健康).injuredinjuredinjuries injuryv.adj.had injured his health n. injure (v.) injure (v.) 比比hurthurt正式，一般指由于正式，一般指由于意外或事故意外或事故而受而受傷，很少指精神方面的傷害。也可以用于比喻傷，很

6、少指精神方面的傷害。也可以用于比喻意義，如傷害健康，名譽和意義，如傷害健康，名譽和感情感情等。等。 (2)hurt (v./n.)(2)hurt (v./n.) 一般用語，即可指肉體上的傷害，也可指一般用語，即可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神和精神和情感情感方面的傷害。方面的傷害。 沒有沒有injureinjure正式，正式，hurthurt的傷害可與的傷害可與injureinjure同樣同樣嚴重，也可指較輕的疼痛。嚴重，也可指較輕的疼痛。(3)wound (v./n.)(3)wound (v./n.) 主要指外傷，如槍傷、刀傷、劍傷等，尤主要指外傷，如槍傷、刀傷、劍傷等，尤指指在戰(zhàn)爭中受傷在戰(zhàn)爭

7、中受傷。 injure/wound/hurt 使受傷；傷害 In that war he was seriously_ by an enemy bullet. No one was seriously/badly_ in the traffic accident. The tight shoe_ my foot. 使感到痛苦使感到痛苦Youll _ her feelings if you forget her birthday.使傷心使傷心 The_ (傷者傷者) were rushed to hospital. wounded injure/hurt injure, wound &

8、hurt injuredhurt injured/wounded be injured/wounded/hurt 受傷injure/wound/hurt 使受傷；傷害3. destroy vt. 破壞；毀壞；消滅破壞；毀壞；消滅 p50 damage sth so badly that it cannot be repaired or it no longer exists, works, etc n. _destruction徹底毀壞徹底毀壞，無法修復(fù)無法修復(fù)；毀掉毀掉(名譽、希望、計劃等名譽、希望、計劃等) destroy （v.)徹底毀壞徹底毀壞，無法修復(fù)無法修復(fù)；毀掉毀掉(名譽、希望、

9、計劃等名譽、希望、計劃等)。 ruin (v./n.)一般指對物體或生命徹底的破壞，但往往是非暴一般指對物體或生命徹底的破壞，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打擊的結(jié)果力的，也往往不是一次性打擊的結(jié)果-(逐漸逐漸)徹底毀滅徹底毀滅 / 長時間的侵蝕而毀壞長時間的侵蝕而毀壞常指對美好的或希望中的事物的破壞常指對美好的或希望中的事物的破壞,把某事弄糟。把某事弄糟。(3)damage (v./n.)可修復(fù)的可修復(fù)的部分損壞部分損壞，往往可以修復(fù)往往可以修復(fù), 指其價值或指其價值或功能等降低。功能等降低。這種損傷可以是暴力的或一次性破壞的結(jié)果，也這種損傷可以是暴力的或一次性破壞的結(jié)果，也可以指非暴力

10、的長期損害的結(jié)果?？梢灾阜潜┝Φ拈L期損害的結(jié)果。 辨析辨析destroy, ruin & damage They managed to repair the houses that had been _.2. The houses were _ by a fire. 3. Oxford has been _ by the motor industry.4. What he said _ our last hope.5. She poured water all over my painting, and_ it.6.Her heart was slightly _ as a resul

11、t of her long illness.destroy, ruin & damagedestroyedruineddamageddestroyedruineddamaged參考參考 What he said _ our last hope. She poured water all over my painting, and_ it. Her heart was slightly _ as a result of her long illness.由于生病，她的心臟輕微受損。由于生病，她的心臟輕微受損。(功能降低功能降低)destroyed他說的話摧毀了我們最后的希望。他說的話摧毀

12、了我們最后的希望。ruined她把水全倒在了我的畫上，把畫毀了。她把水全倒在了我的畫上，把畫毀了。damaged用法用法 作作vt.時，多用于被動語態(tài)；時，多用于被動語態(tài)； 作作n.表示表示“令人震驚的事令人震驚的事”時，前時，前用用a。派生派生 _ adj. 感到震驚的感到震驚的 _ adj. 令人震驚的令人震驚的shockingshocked4. shock v. (使使) 震驚；震動震驚；震動 n. C/U打擊；震驚打擊；震驚 U 休克休克(醫(yī)醫(yī))運用運用 ：一句多譯：一句多譯 聽到這個消息，我十分震驚。聽到這個消息，我十分震驚。 a. I _ to hear the _news.b.

13、I _ the _news.c. _me to hear the _news.d. The _news _ a shock.gave me was shockedwas shocked atIt shockedshocking原句原句: Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些醫(yī)生和救援人員被困在廢墟下面。有些醫(yī)生和救援人員被困在廢墟下面。 rescuefrom.從從中搶救或營救中搶救或營救go/come to ones rescue = rescue sb. 援救或幫助某人援救或幫助某人re

14、scue work /workers 搶救工作搶救工作/救援人員救援人員a rescue team 救援隊救援隊 a rescue mission 救援任務(wù)救援任務(wù) 5. rescue n. & vt. 援救；營救援救；營救 p51(savefrom harm or danger; set free)word The _team made countless _ during the earthquake. rescuerescues rescue多指在直接的危險或禍患中給予多指在直接的危險或禍患中給予迅速和有效的救援，迅速和有效的救援，較較save更能表達拯救更能表達拯救的緊迫性，一

15、般指救人；的緊迫性，一般指救人；它還有從監(jiān)禁中它還有從監(jiān)禁中救出的意思。救出的意思。 save指通過救援不但使受害者指通過救援不但使受害者(人或物人或物)能脫離危險或禍患，而且使其能保存下來，能脫離危險或禍患，而且使其能保存下來，有時可與有時可與rescue通用。通用。從某種狀態(tài)中把某人從某種狀態(tài)中把某人拯救出來多用拯救出來多用save。辨析辨析rescue & save運用運用 用用rescue或或save填空填空,并說明理由。并說明理由。Only socialism can_ China.只有只有社會主義才能救中國。社會主義才能救中國。The life boat（救生艇）（救生艇）

16、was sent out to _ the sailors from the sinking ship. (3)The quick action of the firemen _the building from being burned down.save rescuesaved trap sb into sth/doing sth. 使某人上當；誘騙某人使某人上當；誘騙某人set a trap設(shè)陷阱；設(shè)圈套設(shè)陷阱；設(shè)圈套be trapped 陷入困境；被困在陷入困境；被困在6. trap vt. 使陷入困境使陷入困境 p51 traptrapped-trapped n. 陷阱；困境陷阱；困

17、境運用運用 practice 52 他們被困在發(fā)生火災(zāi)的旅館里。他們被困在發(fā)生火災(zāi)的旅館里。They _ the burning hotel. They _ the fire. 我中計了我中計了, 把所知道的一切全都告訴把所知道的一切全都告訴了警方。了警方。I _ telling the police all I knew. were trapped inwas trapped intowere trapped byI was trapped under the snow原句原句 In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可

18、怕的十五秒鐘內(nèi)一座大城市淪為了廢墟。在可怕的十五秒鐘內(nèi)一座大城市淪為了廢墟。7. ruin v.&n. 毀滅，使破產(chǎn)，遺跡，毀滅，使破產(chǎn)，遺跡，廢墟廢墟（名詞時常用復(fù)數(shù)）（名詞時常用復(fù)數(shù)） He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而斷送了前途。他因疏忽大意而斷送了前途。 be/lie in ruins 呈一片廢墟呈一片廢墟 fall into ruin 變成廢墟變成廢墟;完全毀掉完全毀掉 come to ruin 毀滅，落空毀滅，落空 ruin oneself 自我毀滅自我毀滅 bring sb. to ruin 使毀滅使毀滅 br

19、ing ruin to oneself 自取滅亡自取滅亡歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié) 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示完成句子。根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示完成句子。(1) The whole building was _ (成為廢成為廢墟墟) after a frightening hurricane.(2) The church has fallen _(破敗不堪破敗不堪 ). (3) People built shelters among the _ (ruin) of (在在的廢墟中的廢墟中) the city.(4) The hurricane _ (ruin) all the houses here. in ru

20、insruins(表示廢墟時多用復(fù)數(shù)表示廢墟時多用復(fù)數(shù))into ruinruined原句原句: The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 部隊組隊挖掘被困人員和埋葬死者。部隊組隊挖掘被困人員和埋葬死者。8. bury v. 埋葬埋葬 _ n. 埋葬；葬禮埋葬；葬禮搭配搭配 bury oneself in=be buried in埋頭于埋頭于; 專心于專心于be buried/lost in thought 陷入沉思陷入沉思burialThe dog _in the grou

21、nd.這條狗把骨頭埋在了地下。這條狗把骨頭埋在了地下。運用運用 They _ _(bury) their work.buried the bone are buried in /bury themselves inOur government is taking effective measures _ (rescue) those _ (trap) and _(bury) underground.Summary:to rescuetrappedburied9. dig out 掘出掘出(get sb/sth out by digging)；發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)(find sth that has bee

22、n stored, hidden, or forgotten for a long time)我被困在雪下。我唯一能做的就是希我被困在雪下。我唯一能做的就是希望有人會來把我挖出來。望有人會來把我挖出來。I _. All I could do was hope that someone would come and _.was trapped under the snowdig me out10. right away立刻立刻, 馬上馬上(不與進行時連用不與進行時連用)例句例句 If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.如果戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)，

23、我們將立即被征召服役如果戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)，我們將立即被征召服役。= right now / at once / immediately / in no timeword11. at an end 終了終了, 結(jié)束結(jié)束= finished p49原句原句 It seemed as if the world was at an end! 似乎世界末日到了。似乎世界末日到了。(B1P26)戰(zhàn)爭立刻就要戰(zhàn)爭立刻就要結(jié)束結(jié)束了了。The war would be at an end right away.at the end of. 在在的盡頭的盡頭, 末端末端(指時間，地點等指時間，地點等)by the en

24、d of.在在末之前末之前(指時間，常與完成時連用指時間，常與完成時連用)in the end/ finally/ at last/ eventually 最后；終于最后；終于put an end to. 結(jié)束結(jié)束come to an end 結(jié)束結(jié)束make ends meet 收支相抵收支相抵聯(lián)想聯(lián)想 (1) The teachers patience was _ (沒有了沒有了) after the babys long crying. (2) How many English words have you learned _ last term? (3) He became an ou

25、tstanding doctor _. (4) My friend is waiting for me _ the road. (5) The accident _ (結(jié)束了結(jié)束了) my dream of becoming an Olympic athlete.at an endby the end ofin the endat the end ofput an end toa (great, large) number of(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞)許多許多作主語時作主語時, 謂語動詞用謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)the number of(+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞) 的數(shù)目的數(shù)目作主語時作主語時, 謂語動詞

26、用謂語動詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)比較比較12. a great number of 許多許多, 大量大量 p50 許多人許多人并沒有失去信心。并沒有失去信心。A large number of people didnt lose heart. The number of the people invited to the party _(be)50 last night, but a number of them _ (be) absent for different reasons.運用運用_ (許多人許多人)lost their lives in the terrible disaster.waswe

27、reA number of people(3)Based on the statistics, _ (交通事故的數(shù)量交通事故的數(shù)量) this year reduces by 20%.the number ofthe accidents13 _ v. 祝賀祝賀; 恭喜恭喜 _ n. 祝賀祝賀; (復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù))賀詞賀詞 congratulation congratulatecongratulate sb. on sth. congratulate 對對他人祝賀他人祝賀為目的，側(cè)重以言語表示祝賀。為目的，側(cè)重以言語表示祝賀。celebrate 通常指舉行盛大隆重的儀式慶?；蚣o念有通常指舉行盛大隆重的

28、儀式慶?；蚣o念有意義的日子或某件事情。側(cè)重指以行動來意義的日子或某件事情。側(cè)重指以行動來慶祝生日、節(jié)日慶祝生日、節(jié)日等。等。 1). I _ you on your success.2). We held a party to _ celebrate the 110th birthday of our school.congratulatecelebrate辨析辨析congratulate & celebrate1) His father used to be a High Court judge. 2) Shes a good judge of wine/art. 她是鑒別酒/藝術(shù)的

29、專家。3) The blind cant judge colors. 盲人無法判斷顏色。4) Dont judge a man by his looks. 不要以貌取人。14. judge vt. 斷定，判斷，判決斷定，判斷，判決 n. 裁判員，法官裁判員，法官 graduate _ n. 判斷力判斷力 judgement judge sb./ sth. by/from 通過通過判斷判斷 judging from 從從來看，來看， 根據(jù)根據(jù)判斷判斷 as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷據(jù)我判斷歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié)1. My personal _ is that he is to blame. (judge) adj. + n.judgement2. _his accent , he must be from the south.Judging from 單詞擴展單詞擴展 _ n. 民族；國家；國民民族；國家；國民_ n./ adj. 本國的；本地人本國的；本地人 _ adj. 國家的；民族的國家的；民族的_n. 國籍；民族國籍；民族nationnationalnationality1) Hes travelled to the _ of Western Europe. 2) We ar