大學(xué)英語翻譯技巧(新2-)

1、7.重復(fù)法重復(fù)法 *翻譯時(shí)，有時(shí)為了明確、強(qiáng)調(diào)或生動(dòng)，須將一翻譯時(shí)，有時(shí)為了明確、強(qiáng)調(diào)或生動(dòng)，須將一些關(guān)鍵性的詞重復(fù)。些關(guān)鍵性的詞重復(fù)。 重復(fù)名詞:1) Theybegantostudyandanalyzethesituationoftheenemy. 他們開始研究敵情，分析敵情。(為了明確)2)Watercanbedecomposedbyenergy,acurrentofelectricity. 水可由能量來分解，所謂能量也就是電流。(為了明確)3)Ihadexperiencedoxygenand/orenginetrouble. 我曾經(jīng)碰到過,不是氧氣設(shè)備出故障,就是引擎出故障,或者兩者都

2、出故障 4) But there had been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)搞得滿城風(fēng)雨，人人皆知了。（為了生動(dòng)） 5)I know you hate me and I hate you ,we had better part right now. 我知道你恨我,我也嫌你,咱們最好馬上分手.（為了強(qiáng)調(diào)） Hebecameanoil baronallbyhimself.他成為了一個(gè)石油大王-一個(gè)白手起家的石油大王. Thishasbeenourpositionbutnottheirs.這一直是我們的立場-而不是他們的立場.Wesee,t

3、herefore,howthemodernbourgeoisieisitselftheproductofalongcourseofdevelopment,ofseriesofrevolutionsinthemodesofproductionandofexchange. 由此可見,現(xiàn)代資產(chǎn)階級本身是一個(gè)長期發(fā)展過程的產(chǎn)物,是生產(chǎn)方式和交換方式的一系列變革的產(chǎn)物.May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great Chinese people and its Communist Party, through you, for the glo

4、wing success of your tremendous revolution, which is now inspiring the world.讓我通過您最衷心地祝賀偉大的中國人民及其共產(chǎn)黨,祝賀你們的巨大革命的輝煌勝利, 這個(gè)勝利正在鼓舞著全世界.(從句中的先行詞)The President announced, with obvious relish, that the planes took off from “Shangri-la”, the fictional, remote retreat in the Himalayas.(同謂語)這位總統(tǒng)洋洋得意地宣稱,這批飛機(jī)是從“

5、香格里拉”起飛的,而“香格里拉”是一個(gè)虛構(gòu)的喜馬拉雅山中的世外桃源. 重復(fù)動(dòng)詞 For a good ten minutes, he cursed me and my brother. 足足有十分鐘之久,他既罵我,又罵我兄弟. Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and master of strategy achieved by alternating surprise, tension and easement. (Edgar Snow.) 毛主席是一位活動(dòng)家,是原動(dòng)力,是創(chuàng)始者,是交替運(yùn)用出其不意,緊張和松弛

6、而取得成就的戰(zhàn)略大師. 重復(fù)前置詞 We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other of everything but our host and hostess. 我們談到自己,談到前途,談到旅程, 談到天氣, 談到彼此的情況-談到一切,只是不談我們的男女主人. He no longer dreamed of storms, nor ofgreat occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of

7、strength. 他不再夢見暴風(fēng)雨,不再夢見驚人的遭遇,也不再夢見大魚,搏斗和角力.重復(fù)代詞重復(fù)代詞1.物主代詞(its，his , their, etc.)Each country has its own customs.各國有各國的風(fēng)俗2.強(qiáng)勢關(guān)系代詞/副詞(whoever, whenever, wherever,)Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.誰犯了紀(jì)律，誰就應(yīng)該受到批評Wherever sever oppression existed, there would be revolution.哪里有殘酷的壓迫，

8、哪里就有革命運(yùn)用重疊詞運(yùn)用重疊詞His children, too, were asragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody.他的那些孩子，也是穿的破破爛爛，粗野不堪，像是沒有父母似的Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him.歡迎他的只有輕輕的，零零落落，冷冷淡淡的掌聲He had decided to live for ever or die in the attempt.他已覺定,要么庸庸碌碌長命百歲,要么

9、躍躍一試猝然離世 Her room is always kept clean and tidy though she is busy all day. 盡管她整天忙忙碌碌,她 的房間卻保持的干干凈凈. He deserve not the sweet that will not taste the sour 不吃苦中苦,哪得甜上甜 John is your friend as much as he is mine. 約翰既是你的朋友，又是我的朋友。 The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had

10、borne down on him so often and so hard that there was little left.小學(xué)徒對老板尤其怕得要死，老板經(jīng)常整他而且整得很重，簡直把他整癟了。They covered the 19th century foreign intervention in China, Maos Long March in the mid-1930s, the French and American revolutions. 他們談到十九世紀(jì)外國對中國的干涉，談到毛澤東在三十年代中期的長征，還談到法國革命和美國革命。They wanted to determi

11、ne if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 他們想要確定，他是否履行了受雇條件，是否履行了作為美國公民應(yīng)盡的職責(zé)。He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others. 他討厭失敗，他一生中曾經(jīng)戰(zhàn)勝失敗，超越失敗，并且藐視別人的失敗。The streets were overrun by Hitlers bullies. 那時(shí)希特勒的暴徒在街

12、上橫行霸道，無惡不作。With his tardiness, carelessness and appalling good humor, we were sore perplexed.(使無耐;不知所措) 他老是磨磨蹭蹭，馬馬虎虎，脾氣又好的驚人，我們都對他毫無辦法。If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few. 多數(shù)人興高采烈之日，卻是少數(shù)人傷心失意之時(shí)。 The questions were evidently unexpected to the slow-witted sp

13、okesman, who instantly found himself tongue-tied. 這些問題顯然使這位頭腦遲鈍的發(fā)言人感到意外，他立即顯得張口結(jié)舌，啞口無張口結(jié)舌，啞口無言言。 What John said made his wife stare with mouth open. 約翰的話讓他的妻子張口結(jié)舌張口結(jié)舌,目瞪口呆目瞪口呆With what seemed my last hope frustrated, I slipped into a deep lethargy. 隨著最后一線希望的破滅，我不知不覺不知不覺地掉進(jìn)了一種懶惰冷漠，意氣消沉懶惰冷漠，意氣消沉的狀態(tài)。An

14、d now, you who have son long been bound to the most narrow and material views! 你這個(gè)一向目光短淺,見解卑俗的人!She came to the dining-room window and then cautiously look in. 她來到餐廳的窗子前,小心翼翼地朝里觀望/看.Great contribution豐功偉績 ; gratitude感恩戴德 ; ingratitude 忘恩負(fù)義; Vivid 生動(dòng)活潑; hesitate 彷徨猶豫; arrogance 驕傲自大; careless 粗心大意; i

15、n chaos烏煙瘴氣 ; triumph 興高采烈;painful 傷心失意; street gossip 街談巷議; rumors 流言蜚語;8.正說與反說正說與反說 正說指句中無否定詞，反說指句中有否定詞。英語和漢語都有同一種概念即可從正反也可反面來表達(dá)的情況。翻譯時(shí)，原文是正面表達(dá)的，譯文可從反面來表達(dá)；反之亦然。Eg. 1） “Dontstopworking,”hesaid. 他說，“繼續(xù)干活吧?！保ǚ?正） 2) He knew he was mortally ill. 他知道他得的是不治之癥。（正-反） No smoking! The train will arrive in n

16、o time. 列車很快將到達(dá).4) The significance of these incidents wasntlostonme. 這些事件引起了我們的重視。（反-正）5）Hewas80,buthecarriedhisyearslightly. 他80歲了，可是并不顯老。（正-反）6）我 們決不辜負(fù)全國人民對我們的希望.Wewillliveuptotheexpectationsofourpeople. （反-正）正反表達(dá)正反表達(dá)動(dòng)詞 The first bombs missed the target.第一批炸彈沒有擊中目標(biāo).Such a chance was denied me.我沒有

17、得到這樣一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì).He husband hates to her stony face.她丈夫不愿見到她那張毫無表情的臉.Stop talking nonsense!別胡說八道!他一直希望自己能成為老板的助手. Theideathatheshouldbecomeanassistanttohisbosshasneverdesertedhim.那個(gè)房間的窗子總是關(guān)著. Thewindowsofthatroomwereneveropen.這個(gè)小孩現(xiàn)在完全能夠自己走路了Thechildcanwalkwithoutanyhelpnow.法律面前,人人平等.Lowisnorespecterofperson

18、s.她光著腳進(jìn)了房間(她沒穿鞋進(jìn)了屋子里)Shecameintotheroomwithnoshoeson.副詞We may safely say so.我們這樣說萬無一失.(錯(cuò)不了)A: The boy is very clever. B: Exactly!甲:這孩子很聰明. 乙: 一點(diǎn)不錯(cuò).She got extremely excited before she reached her home .還沒到家,她就激動(dòng)得不得了. 形容詞Hesnotstupid,merelyignorant.他并不苯,只是無知而已.Wearewatchingthefluidsituationwithconcer

19、n.我們密切關(guān)注動(dòng)蕩不安的局勢.Theexplanationisprettythin.這個(gè)解釋是相當(dāng)不充實(shí)的.Hisrefusalisnotfinal.他的拒絕不是不可改變的.Hewasabsent fromhisowncountrylastyear.他去年不在自己的國家.前置詞Thisproblemisabove me .這個(gè)問題我不懂(我解決不了).Itwas beyond hispowerto sign such a contract.他無權(quán)簽訂這種合同.連接詞Theguerrillaswouldfighttodeathbeforetheysurrendered.游擊隊(duì)員寧愿戰(zhàn)斗到死也決

20、不投降.IwillnotgounlessIhearfromhim.如果他不 通知我,我就不去.短語The islanders found themselves far from ready to fight the war.島民發(fā)現(xiàn)自己遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有做好作戰(zhàn)準(zhǔn)備.Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity.雙方認(rèn)為,那和平建議是他們可以接受而不失體面的建議.We believe that the young generation will prove worthy of our t

21、rust.我們相信,年青一代將不會(huì)辜負(fù)我們的信任.When he missed the last bus, he was at a loss to know what to do.他誤可最后一班公共汽車,茫然不知所措. 句子 If it worked once, it can work twice. 一次得手,再次不愁. My guess is as good as yours. 我的猜測并不比你的高明 The decision has to come. 決定還沒有做出.反-正表達(dá):The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanat

22、ions.雖然經(jīng)他一再解釋,疑團(tuán)仍然存在.Mr. Rumsfeld said the Soviet Union was unprecedentedly engaged in a missile-building programme. 拉姆斯菲爾德說,蘇聯(lián)正以空前的規(guī)模推行制造導(dǎo)彈計(jì)劃.All the articles are untouchable in the museum.博物館內(nèi)一切展品禁止觸摸.It was said that someone had sown discord among them.據(jù)說有人在他們中間挑撥離間.Dont lost time in posting this

23、 letter.趕快把這封信寄出去.Students, without no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon.今天下午學(xué)生統(tǒng)統(tǒng)要交書面作業(yè).The significance of these incidents wasnt lost on us.這些事件引起了我們的注意.9.語態(tài)的變換語態(tài)的變換 漢語被動(dòng)式使用較少，而英語被動(dòng)式的使用比漢語多，英漢翻譯有時(shí)需進(jìn)行主動(dòng)式和被動(dòng)式的互換。Eg. 1) Thesenseofinferioritythatheacquiredinhisyouthhasneverbeentotal

24、lyeradicated. 他在青少年時(shí)期留下的自卑感，還沒有完全消除。 2) Thewholecountrywasarmedinafewdays. 幾天以內(nèi)全國武裝起來了。3.這座橋?qū)⒃诮衲昴甑捉ǔ伞?Theconstructionofthebridgewillbecompletedbytheendofthisyear.4)這個(gè)問題正在研究正在研究。 Theproblemisnowbeingstudied.5.進(jìn)攻的決定不是輕易做出的做出的. Thedecisiontoattackwasnottakenlightly.6.Hewaspolicedbythebossescops. 他受到老板雇

25、傭的警察的監(jiān)督.7.IwassoimpressedbythesewordsthatIusedthemlaterforaChristmascard. 我為這些話所深深地感動(dòng)了,后來我就把它寫在圣誕賀卡. 英漢兩種語言都有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但由于表達(dá)習(xí)慣上的差異，英語往往習(xí)慣用被動(dòng)語態(tài)來表達(dá)，而漢語則和主動(dòng)語態(tài)來表達(dá)。如：That young man cannot be relied upon.譯成漢語就應(yīng)該是“那位年輕人不可信賴”或者“我們不能信任那位年輕人”。如果將此句譯成漢語的被動(dòng)句“那位年輕人不可以被信賴”，譯文就會(huì)顯得很別扭，不符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。由此可見，翻譯時(shí)經(jīng)常進(jìn)行語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換是十分必要的。

26、英語中被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用十分廣泛，尤其在考研翻譯中，這種現(xiàn)象更為多見。相比之下，漢語被動(dòng)語態(tài)使用的范圍要小得多。因此，在英譯漢時(shí)，大量被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子需要通過種種方法加以處理，以保證譯文通順流暢地表達(dá)原意。英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)的漢譯一般有以下幾種方法。 一、譯成漢語主動(dòng)句一、譯成漢語主動(dòng)句 將英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)譯成漢語主動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法一般包括以下幾種： （一） 保存原文主語 當(dāng)英語被動(dòng)句中的主語為無生命的名詞，而且句中不出現(xiàn)由by引導(dǎo)的行為主體時(shí)，翻譯時(shí)往往將原句中的主語仍然譯成主語。 The meeting is scheduled for April 6th. 會(huì)議定于四月六日舉行。 Water can be

27、changed from a liquid into a solid. 水能從液體變成固體。 When rust is formed , a chemical change has taken place. 當(dāng)銹形成的時(shí)候，就發(fā)生了化學(xué)變化。 （二） 主賓顛倒 英語中很多被動(dòng)句子在表示行為主體的詞前都加上by， 翻譯時(shí)可將這類by結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語譯成主語，而將原來的主語譯成賓語。 Shewasgivenanewpenbyherfather. 她爸爸送給她一支新鋼筆。 Heatandlightcanbegivenoffbythischemicalchange. 這種化學(xué)反應(yīng)能放出熱和光。 Onlya

28、smallportionofsolarenergyisnowbeingusedbyus. 現(xiàn)在我們只能利用一小部分太陽能。 有時(shí)英語被動(dòng)句中并未出現(xiàn)by結(jié)構(gòu)，而只是代之以一個(gè)由介詞短語構(gòu)成的狀語。這時(shí)仍可采用主賓顛倒的譯法，將介詞短語中的名詞或名詞詞組譯成句子的主語。 Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country. 我國已將通訊衛(wèi)星用于實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播。 The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter

29、. 下一章提供了有關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)資料。 （三） 增加主語 有些英語被動(dòng)句并未在句中出現(xiàn)表示行為主體的詞或詞組，在翻譯這類句子時(shí)，可適當(dāng)增添一些不確定的主語，如“人們”、“有人”、“大家”、“我們”等。 Theissuehasnotyetbeenthoroughlyexplored. 人們對這一問題迄今尚未進(jìn)行過徹底的探索。 Shewasseentoenterthebuildingaboutthetimethecrimewascommitted. 有人看見她大致在案發(fā)時(shí)進(jìn)入了那座建筑物。 Whatwesayherewillnotbelongremembered,butwhatwedoherecanch

30、angetheworld. 我們在這里所講的話，人們不會(huì)長久記住。然而我們在這兒所做的事，卻能改變世界。 二、譯成漢語無主句二、譯成漢語無主句 英語中有些被動(dòng)句不需要或無法說出行為的主體，因此，翻譯時(shí)往往譯成漢語的無主句。這時(shí)，原句中的主語一般譯成賓語。 Measureshavebeentakentopreventtheepidemicfromspreadingquickly. 已經(jīng)采取了措施來防止這種流行病迅速蔓延。 Watercanbeshownascontainingimpurities. 可以證明，水含有雜質(zhì)。 Theunpleasantnoisemustbeimmediatelypu

31、tanend. 必須全部停止這種討厭的噪聲。 三、譯成漢語判斷句三、譯成漢語判斷句 有些英語被動(dòng)句并不突出強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，而著重對事物的狀態(tài)、過程和性質(zhì)等加以描述，其作用與系表結(jié)構(gòu)類似。因此，翻譯這種英語被動(dòng)句，經(jīng)常采用“是.的”判斷句式。 The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 進(jìn)攻的決定不是輕易作出的。 Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷術(shù)是從中國傳入歐洲的。 The manuscript was sent to the printer in London a few wee

32、ks before the French revolution. 手稿是在法國革命前幾周寄往倫敦付印的。 The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872. 美國的學(xué)分制是1872年在哈佛大學(xué)首先實(shí)施的。 四、譯成漢語被動(dòng)句 有些英語被動(dòng)句著重被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，因此，翻譯時(shí)仍然可以翻譯成漢語的被動(dòng)句，以突出英語原文的被動(dòng)意義。一般說來，被動(dòng)句指的是具有被動(dòng)形式標(biāo)記的句子。雖然英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)使用范圍頗廣，但其被動(dòng)標(biāo)記卻很單一，主要是“be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”及其變化形式。另一方面，漢語被動(dòng)句式使用較少，

33、但其被動(dòng)標(biāo)記要繁雜得多。漢語中表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義的語言手段主要包括使用“被、受、遭、讓、給、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、為.所、由.來”等等。 The minister was found to have appropriated government money. 部長被發(fā)現(xiàn)挪用公款。 He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office. 他因拒絕接受總公司的命令而被解雇了。 Theschoolboywas knockeddownbyaminibuswhencrossingthestreet. 那名男生在穿過街道

34、時(shí)讓一輛小公共汽車撞倒了。 He was praised by his teacher. 他得到了老師的表揚(yáng)。 Problemsshouldbe resolvedingoodtime. 問題應(yīng)及時(shí)加以解決。 Foralongperiodtocome,mostofChinaselderlywillcontinueto be providedforbytheirfamilies. 在未來較長的一段時(shí)間里，中國的老年人仍舊要由家庭來贍養(yǎng) 五、常用被動(dòng)句型“It+被動(dòng)語態(tài)+that”的翻譯 在這種句型中，it是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)出的是主語從句。漢語譯文習(xí)慣上采用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，有時(shí)還需要增譯出泛指性的主

35、語“我們”、“人們”、“大家”、“有人”等等，有時(shí)也可譯成無主語的漢語句子，并酌情加上漢語介詞“根據(jù)”或“據(jù)”。 It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject. 有人認(rèn)為，生物氣候?qū)W是一門復(fù)雜的學(xué)科。 It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science. 有人強(qiáng)調(diào)說，科學(xué)的范疇可以分成兩個(gè)主要領(lǐng)域：自然科學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué)。 It should be po

36、inted out that this process is oxidation. 應(yīng)該指出，這一過程就是氧化。 It is hoped that. 希望，有人希望 It is assumed that. 假設(shè)，假定 It is claimed that. 據(jù)說，有人主張 It is believed that. 有人想信，大家相信 It is reported that. 據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)通報(bào) It is considered that. 人們認(rèn)為，據(jù)估計(jì) It is said that. 據(jù)說，有人說 It is supposed that. 據(jù)推測，人們猜測 It has been annou

37、nced that. 已經(jīng)宣布 It is asserted that. 有人主張 It is rumored that. 有人主張 It is rumored that. 聽說，謠傳 It is noticed that. 有人指出，人們注意到 It is suggested that. 有人建議，建議 It is reputed that. 人們認(rèn)為，可以認(rèn)為 It is learned that. 據(jù)說，據(jù)聞，已經(jīng)查明 It is demonstrated that. 據(jù)證實(shí)，已經(jīng)證明 It is estimated that. 據(jù)估計(jì)，有人估計(jì) It is estimated that

38、. 有人指出，人們指出 It is pointed out that. 有人推薦，有人建議 It is proposed that. 有人提出 It was told that. 有人曾經(jīng)說 It was first intended that. 最初就有這樣的想法 It will be said that. 有人會(huì)說 It will be seen from this that. It was noted above that. 前面已經(jīng)指出 It must be admitted that. 必須承認(rèn)，老實(shí)說 It has been illustrated that. 據(jù)圖示，據(jù)說明 It

39、 is stressed that. 有人強(qiáng)調(diào)說 It is stressed that. 有人列舉出了 It can not be denied that. 無可否認(rèn) It can be said without exaggeration that. 可以毫不夸張的說 It is sometimes asked that.人們有時(shí)會(huì)問 It was felt that. 有人認(rèn)識到了 It is universally accepted that. 人們普遍認(rèn)為 It is unanimously agreed that. 大家一致同意 It is alleged that. 據(jù)說 It i

40、s calculated that. 據(jù)計(jì)算 It has been proved that. 已經(jīng)證明 It has been found that. 人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn) It is still to be hoped that. 我們?nèi)匀幌Ｍ?It is well-known that. 眾所周知，大家都知道 It should be realized that. 我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到 （14）不用說（誰都知道） It is understood that （15）無可否認(rèn) It cannot be denied that. （16）已經(jīng)證明 It has been proved / demonstr

41、ated that. （17）可以肯定 It may be confirmed that. （18）可以有把握得說 It may be safely said that （19）人們有時(shí)會(huì)問 It is sometimes asked that （20）人們希望 It is expected / hoped that 10.分句法與合句法分句法與合句法 分句法分句法:只把原文的一個(gè)簡單句譯成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的句子；合句法指把原文兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句或一個(gè)復(fù)合句在譯文中用一個(gè)單句來表達(dá)。Eg.1）The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their econ

42、omic achievements. 中國人似乎為他們在經(jīng)濟(jì)上取得的成就而自豪，這是合乎情理的。（分句法）2)Energy can neither be created nor destroyed , a universally accepted law. 能量既不能被創(chuàng)造也不能被消滅，這是一條普遍公認(rèn)的規(guī)律。（分句法）3)There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 樓下有人要見你。（融合法）4)There are many people who want to see the film. 許多人要看這部電影。（融合法）5)His fathe

43、r had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north of Italy near the sea. 他的父親在意大利北部近海的比薩開小鋪. ） 6) He was very clean. His mind was open. 他為人單純而坦率。He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation. 他搖了搖頭,兩眼睜得大大的,接著又瞇成一條縫,臉上露出了憤怒的神色.They were at home in the home

44、 of the people, moving confidently without fear. 他們在群眾家里感到自在,行動(dòng)時(shí)心里塌實(shí),無憂無慮.Their power increased with their number. 他們?nèi)藬?shù)增加了,力量也隨之增強(qiáng).His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 因?yàn)樗麤]有遵守安全規(guī)則,機(jī)器出了故障.She went back home to take care of her husband. He was serious

45、ly ill. 她回家去照料病重的丈夫.They sat down in the waiting-room to do some reading. People came to and fro there. 他們在人來人往的侯車室里看點(diǎn)書.Her father became the mayor of the city. He was a murderer in the second World War. 她的父親 , 二次大戰(zhàn)中的一個(gè)殺人兇手,竟然當(dāng)上了這個(gè)城市的市長.*漢譯英1.王夫人打發(fā)人來喚寶釵王夫人打發(fā)人來喚寶釵.寶釵連忙過來,請了安. Summoned by Lady Wang, B

46、aochai hurried over to pay her respects to her. (adv)2.孔乙己著了慌孔乙己著了慌,伸開五指將碟子罩住,彎下腰去說道:“不多了,我已經(jīng)不多了.” Growing flustered, he would cover the dish with his hand and bending forward from the waist would say, “There arent many left, not many at all.” (adv)3.他去年夏天把十九歲的女兒小福子賣給了一個(gè)軍人. 賣了二賣了二佰塊錢佰塊錢. .The summer

47、 before, he has sold his nineteen-year- old daughter Joy to an army officer for two hundred silver dollars. (adv) 道靜氣得渾身發(fā)抖道靜氣得渾身發(fā)抖. 她二話沒說,立即向經(jīng)理次辭了職. Quivering with anger, Daojing promptly gave notice (to the manger). (adv)七月里的一個(gè)清晨,太陽剛剛出來太陽剛剛出來.地里,苞米和高粱葉子上,抹上了金子的顏色. Early on one summer day, the golde

48、n rays of sunrise daubed the maize and sorghum fields in a bright yellow. (adj,)他們到了楊集.這是老洪帶著隊(duì)伍從棗莊過來和申茂隊(duì)員們會(huì)這是老洪帶著隊(duì)伍從棗莊過來和申茂隊(duì)員們會(huì)合的莊子合的莊子. They arrived at Yangji, the village where Lao Hong and his men had first met Shen Maos group when they came from Zaozhuang.合句翻譯英漢1.The are men here from all over t

49、he country. Many of them are from the south. 從全國各地來的人中有許多是南方人.2. When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat. 我在談判時(shí)總是有些緊張.緊張時(shí)我就吃點(diǎn)東西.3. When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite. 我對中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和中國人民的贊揚(yáng)不僅僅是出于禮貌.4.The young man was very miserable. He h

50、ad no money about him. All his savings had been stolen. 這個(gè)年輕人很慘,已經(jīng)落到了身無分文的地步,因?yàn)樗械姆e蓄被盜竊了.5.Darkness fell. An explosion shook the earth. It did not shake his will to go to the front. 夜幕降臨時(shí),一聲爆炸震動(dòng)了大地,可并沒有動(dòng)搖他上前線的決心.6.That day, the President had an interview with her father. Her father was going to the

51、 moon by the space shuttle. 那天,總統(tǒng)會(huì)見了她 的父親, 因?yàn)樗母赣H即將乘航天飛機(jī)去登月.7.She is very busy at home. She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work. 她在家很忙,既要看好孩子,又要下廚房.漢譯英1.賈璉見他去了,只得回來瞧鳳姐.誰知鳳姐已醒了,聽他和鴛鴦借當(dāng). As soon as she had gone Jia Lian went in to see Xifeng, who was had woken up and heard him ask

52、 for a loan.2. 笛聲止了. 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地起了拍掌聲和歡笑聲. The flute stopped, and in the distance there was applause and laughter.3. 最后兩個(gè)字特別用力的.大家都不懂“這個(gè)”是什么意思. He laid special stress on the word “this”, but nobody appeared to understand what he meant 這 是熱,心里可鎮(zhèn)定多了.涼風(fēng),即使是一點(diǎn)點(diǎn),給了 人們許多希望. It was still hot but everyone felt much

53、 better, for the breeze, though slight, brought them hope. 過了兩年,他又換了學(xué)校,卻遇見了一個(gè)值得感佩的同事.那同事是個(gè)誠樸的人,擔(dān)任教師有六七年了. Two years later he changed to yet another school, and there he met a colleague whom he could not help admiring and felling drawn to, as he was a sincere, plain-spoken fellow who had been a teach

54、er for six or seven years.11.從句的翻譯從句的翻譯 英語中的從句分為三大類：名次性從句，形容詞性從句和副詞性從句。大部分英語從句譯成漢語不會(huì)有太大困難。困難主要在以下幾個(gè)方面。 一、同位語從句的翻譯 常用方法有三種：漢譯時(shí)不提前、提前、增加“即”“以為”或用冒號破折號分開。Eg. 1)HeexpressedthehopethathewouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain. 他表示希望再到中國來訪問。 2)They were very suspicious of the assumption that he would rather kill h

55、imself than surrender. 對于他寧愿自殺也不投降這種假設(shè)，他們是很懷疑的。 3)But considered realistically , we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但是現(xiàn)實(shí)地考慮一下，我們不得不正視這樣的事實(shí)：我們的前景并不妙。 4.Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored. 然而,從一開始,我仍然活著這個(gè)事實(shí)卻偏偏被忽視了. He son, my employers nephew, w

56、as himself an assistant. 她的兒子,也就是我老板的侄子,也在店里當(dāng)伙計(jì). 二、定語從句的翻譯有三種譯法：前置法、后置法、融合法(把原文的主語和定語從句融合在一起譯成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子)。E g.1)Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimliveinmortalfearofhim. 在他手下工作的人對他怕得要命。(前置法)2)Itishewhoreceivedtheletterthatannouncedthedeathofyouruncle. 是他接到那封信，說你的叔叔去世了.（后置法） 3)Heunselfishlycontributedhisuncommonta

57、lentsandindefatigablespirittothestrugglewhichtodaybringsthem(thoseaims)withinthereachofamajorityofthehumanrace. 他把自己非凡的才智和不倦的精力無私地獻(xiàn)給了這種斗爭，這種斗爭今天已使人類中大多數(shù)人可以達(dá)到這些目標(biāo)。（后置法） TheyarestrivingfortheidealwhichisclosetotheheartofeveryChineseandforwhich,inthepast,manyChinesehavelaiddowntheirlives. 他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而努

58、力,這個(gè)理想是每個(gè)中國人所珍愛的,過去,許多中國人為了這個(gè)理想而犧牲自己的生命.(后置法) It is a consolation to know that they will surely carry on the cause for which Edgar Snow strove so faithfully all his life. 了解到他們一定會(huì)把斯諾終身為之奮斗斯諾終身為之奮斗不渝的不渝的事業(yè)繼續(xù)下去, 這是一件令人愉快的事.(前置法) 注意兼有狀語功能的定語從句的翻譯：e g. 1)Heinsistedonbuildinganotherhouse,whichhehadnousef

59、or. 他堅(jiān)持要再造一幢房子，盡管他并無此需要。（譯成表讓步的分句） 2)Menbecomedesperateforwork,anywork,whichwillhelpthemtokeepalivetheirfamilies. 人們極其迫切的要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。(譯成表“條件” 的分句) 3)Weknowthatacat,whoseeyescantakeinmanymoreraysoflightthanoureyes,canseeclearlyinthenight. 我們知道由于貓的眼睛比我們?nèi)祟惖难劬δ芪崭嗟墓饩€,所以貓?jiān)诤谝估镆材芸吹们宄?(表示“原因

60、”) 4)Therewassomethingoriginal,independent,andheroicabouttheplanthat pleased all of them. 這個(gè)方案富于創(chuàng)造性,獨(dú)出心裁,很有魄力,所以所以他們都很喜歡他們都很喜歡.( 表示“結(jié)果”)主語從句的翻譯1. What he told me was only half-truth. 他告訴我的只是些半真半假的東西而已.2. It was obvious that I had become the pawn in some sort of top-level power play. 很顯然,某些高級人物在玩弄權(quán)術(shù),