虛擬語氣用法總結(jié)及詳細(xì)解析

1、虛擬語氣用法英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣、疑問語氣和感嘆語氣五類。1表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是客觀存在的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句中。China is an Asian country.(肯定句)How interesting my stay in China has been!(感嘆句)2、祈使句表示說話人對(duì)對(duì)方的 請(qǐng)求、警告，建議或命令。如：Please come over here.請(qǐng)至U這邊來。Watch your steps! 當(dāng)心!(走路)3、虛擬語氣表示說話者做出的假設(shè)而非事實(shí)，或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況，甚至表達(dá)徹底相反的概念。此外，如需表達(dá)主觀愿望或某種

2、強(qiáng)烈的感情時(shí)，也可用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣是由句中的謂語動(dòng)詞 的特殊形式表示出來的。如If I were a bird , I would be able to fly in the air.如果我是一只小鳥，我就能在空中飛行。I wish I could pass the exam in ati on.我希望我能通過考試。一、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣虛擬類型條件從句主句(1)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反V-ed過去式(be動(dòng)詞用 were)should/could/would/might + V.原形(2)與過去事實(shí)相反had done過去元成時(shí)should/could/would/might + have do

3、ne(3)與將來事實(shí)相反 Should + V.原形 were to +V.原形 V-ed過去式should/could/would/might + V.原形(4) If省略條件句虛擬條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞含有were, should, had時(shí)，if可以省略，這時(shí)條件從句要用倒裝語序，即把 were, should, had等詞置于句首。(5)錯(cuò)綜條件句主句和條件從句的謂語動(dòng)作若不是冋時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。(6)含蓄條件句條件會(huì)暗含在短語中，如 without, but for, otherwise 等。(7)目的狀語從句for fear that , in case , les

4、t引導(dǎo)的從句中，用虛擬語氣時(shí)，從句謂語為：(should) + doso that , in order that所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中從句謂語為:can / could / may / might / will / would /should + do二、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句謂語用+ V-ed或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Y(1) wish/wishedi f only 引導(dǎo)的還有一些表愿望的 與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句謂語+ had done+ could/would have done 與將來事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句謂語could/would + V. 原形感嘆句和 as if/as

5、though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句也有與wish相同用法1 勺短語：would just as soon倒寧愿 /prefer 寧愿 /wquid rather, had rather , would sooner 等表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望表示現(xiàn)在 或?qū)?的愿望，用 V-ed (be 用were )had + donen ext Saturday.我寧愿你下星期六來。een / hadn't been present。我(寧)愿你當(dāng)時(shí)在場/不在場。表過去的愿望，用rd rather you camel'd rather you had b(2)表“堅(jiān)持”insist that

6、 +(should ) do“insist意為"堅(jiān)持某種動(dòng)作”才用虛擬語氣；意為”堅(jiān)持某種觀點(diǎn)，某個(gè)事實(shí)”則不用虛擬語氣。(3)表“命令”order , comma nd + that ( should ) do(4)表“建議”advise , suggest , propose , recommend + that ( should ) do注意：suggest作“建議”講時(shí)用虛擬；作“表明”講時(shí)不用虛擬。(5)表“要求”ask, dema nd, require , request+ that( should ) do(6)表“提議”move, vote+ that ( shou

7、ld ) do(7)表“希望，打算”desire , intend+ that( should ) do(8)其他urge 敦促； arrange 安排； direct 指示；prefer 寧愿；注意：句中出現(xiàn)上述詞語的名詞形式時(shí)也用虛擬語氣Your advice that she(should ) wait till next week is reas on able.My suggestion was that the meeting(should ) be put off till next week.三、定語從句中的虛擬語氣句式(1) It is /was (high/about) t

8、ime thatV-ed (be 用 were) 早該做的時(shí)候了(優(yōu)先使用that should do ( should 不可以省略)過去式)句式(2 ) Itis the first/second timethat have/has done 這是某人第一 /一/ 一. 次做某事。It was the first timethat had done 四、主語從句中的虛擬語氣句式（1） It is+ adj./n.+ that +主語從句（從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用should+原形且should的省略要看情況而定）表情緒、觀點(diǎn)的形容詞或名詞， 女口： necessary、important >

9、 impossible 、natural 、strange、surprising、funny、 right 、 wrong、 better 、 a pity 、 the shame、 no wonder、 imperative ? n? per? t? v 等。女口： It is strange that such a person should be our friend.（should表示"竟然"的語氣，不可省。）句式（2） It is+ adj.+ that +主語從句（從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用should+原形）（禮貌委婉地表達(dá)情況的緊迫性可用虛擬語氣）表示緊迫的形容詞，

10、 女口: advisable , best , critical , desirable , essential , imperative , important ， n ecessary ， urge nt， vital 等。女口： It's vital that you make a decision right now .你立刻就做決定是至關(guān)重要的。一、虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的甚至完全不可能發(fā)生的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況：條件從句：主語 +V過去時(shí) 主

11、句：主語+ should/would/could/might + doIf I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我會(huì)帶把傘。（事實(shí)：我不可能是你）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果我?guī)уX了，我就會(huì)借給你些。2、表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況條件從句：主語 + had do ne主句：主語 + should/would/could/m

12、ight + have do neIf I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那兒，我就會(huì)見到她。If he had take n my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。3、表示對(duì)將來情況的主觀推測條件從句：if+ 主語+ were to do if+ 主語 + did/were主句：主語 + should/would/could/might + do if+ 主語 + should doIf he should

13、come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天來這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)劇Ｈ绻轮苋障麓笱?，我們就不能If there were a heavy snow next Sun day, we would not go skati ng.去滑冰了If she were to be here n ext Mon day, I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一來這兒的話，我就會(huì)告訴她這件事的始末。4、有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，結(jié)果主句和條件從句的謂語動(dòng)作若不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。這種條件句叫錯(cuò)綜條件句

14、。 從句的動(dòng)作與過去事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engin eer, too.我現(xiàn)在也會(huì)成為一個(gè)工程師了If they had in formed us, we would not come here now.不會(huì)來這里了。 從句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與過去事實(shí)不符。If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.已經(jīng)派他去北京了。如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話,如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就如果他今天

15、有空的話，我們會(huì)If he knew her, he would have greeted her.要是他認(rèn)識(shí)她的話，他肯定會(huì)去問候她了。5、當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞含有were, should, had 時(shí)，if可以省略，這時(shí)條件從句要用倒裝語序，即 把were, should, had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在這兒的話，她會(huì)同意我們的。Had he lear nt

16、about computers, we would have hired him to work here.如果他懂一些電腦知識(shí)的話，我們已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了?！咀⒁狻咳魲l件從句為否定句，否定詞n ot應(yīng)置于主語之后，而不能與 were, should , had等縮略成 Weren't , Should n'tHad n't而置于句首。Had it not bee n for the bad weather we would have arrived on time.若不是天氣壞，我們就準(zhǔn)時(shí)至 U達(dá)了。 有時(shí)省略if后提前的had不是助動(dòng)詞：Had I time ，

17、 I would come. 假若我有時(shí)間，我會(huì)來的。(=If I had time )6、非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來，暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。將條件會(huì)暗含在 介詞短語中，如without,but for otherwise(要不是因?yàn)?等But for his help, wewould be worki ng now.(要不是他的幫助，我們還會(huì)在工作呢。Without your instruction, Iwould not have madesuch great progress.We didn't know his t

18、elephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him. 將條件隱含在 不定式 短語中I should be happy to go with you. 如 果能與你一起去，我將很高興。 (=I should be happy if I could go with you.)To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你學(xué)習(xí)更用功些，你早就考及格了(=lf you have studied hard er, you ) 將條件隱含在 分詞 短語中)Born

19、in better times, he would have been a scholar.如果出生在好時(shí)代，他早就成為學(xué)者了。(=lf he had been born in better times, heFailing this time, what would you do假若這次失敗，那你怎么辦 (=lf you failed dthis time, what) 將條件隱含在 名詞 短語中A true friend would not have betrayed me.若是真正的朋友，就不會(huì)背棄我。(=lf he had been a true friend, he would)A

20、few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer.要是你早來幾個(gè)小時(shí)，你就見到這位著名的作家了。 (lf you had come a few hours earlier, you)兩個(gè)常用虛擬語氣句型：與 but for, without同義。 lf it weren't(wasn 't) for “若不是有 / 要不是有”lf itweren 't(wasn't) for the children, we wouldn' t have anything to talk about

21、.要不是因?yàn)楹⒆觽?，我們不?huì)有什么可談的。 lf it hadn 't been for要不是有雨，我們本會(huì)獲得一個(gè)大豐收的。lf it hadn 't been for the rain, we would have had a good harvest.7、有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來表示說話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。He would have finished it.省略從句他本該完成了 。 You could have passed this exam.你本該通過這次考試的省略主句lf l were at home now.要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。如果

22、我是你，就會(huì)去找他If I were you, I would go to look for him.注意：“ it+be ”的省略If necessary， I would send more farmhands to help you.如果需要的話，我會(huì)派更多的人去幫你。(=If it werenecessary，)二、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用1、wish后的賓語從句，用虛擬語氣a與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，wish +主語+動(dòng)詞過去式或were b、與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望，wish +主語+ had done或would/ could + have done （注意這里的不能用 should）

23、c與將來難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，wish + 主語+ would/could/might+ 動(dòng)詞原形I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。（事實(shí)：我根本比不上你）I wish I had kn ow n the truth of the matter.我希望我那時(shí)就知道這件事情的真相。（事實(shí)：那時(shí)還不知道）I wish I should have a cha nee agai n.我希望我還能有一次這樣的機(jī)會(huì)。（事實(shí)：很難再有這樣的機(jī)會(huì)了）I wish prices would come dow n.我希望物價(jià)能降下來。注意：從句的時(shí)態(tài)只與從句所指的時(shí)間有關(guān)，如果將

24、 wish改為過去式wished，其后that從句中的動(dòng)詞形式不變。We wish he did n't smoke.我們希望他不吸煙。I wished I had n't spe nt so much mon ey.但愿我沒有花這么多錢。注意：if only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句與 wish用法一致，意思也基本相同。（if only般獨(dú)立使用，是沒有主句搭配的）If only she would pass the En glish exam in ati on!但愿她能通過英語考試！If only Iwere n'tso n ervous.但愿我不這樣緊張。If only I

25、 had n't gone there last night.要是昨晚我沒有到那里去就好了。2、would rather +虛擬從句一般would rather ， had rather ，would sooner等之后的 賓語從句 常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為 ：.!表過去的愿望，用had + done表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?，?V-ed （be 用were ）我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。rd rather you had see n the film yesterday.我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒rd rather you were here now.

26、注意：would rather（比較正式）=had rather （非正式）,would sooner （sooner 代替 rather ）的細(xì)微差另U。提示：would rather 主要有兩種用法。1后接不帶to的不定式I'd rather play tennis than swim.我寧愿打網(wǎng)球，也不愿游泳。rd rather not go to the movies.我寧愿不去看電影。Which would you rather have, tea or coffee你喜歡喝茶，還是咖啡2.后接不用連詞的that從句rd rather you went home now.我希

27、望你現(xiàn)在就回家。I would rather my daughter atte nded a public school.我希望我的女兒能上公立學(xué)校。3、一想要(desire), 一寧愿(prefer) , 一堅(jiān)持(in sist) ，二命令(order , comma nd)，三建議(advise,suggest , propose/recommend), 四要求(demand , require , request , ask) 中，無論主句謂語動(dòng)詞為 何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞都用"should + do ”，且 should 可以省略。He suggested that we

28、(should) take the teacher's advice.He in sisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice.He dema nd that we (should) take the teacher's advice.He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice.(1)表示“堅(jiān)持”后的賓語從句主要是指insist的賓語從句，從句謂語由 "should+ do" 構(gòu)成，其中的should可以省略。I in sis

29、ted that he (should) stay.我堅(jiān)持要他留下。He in sisted that I (should) go with them.他堅(jiān)持要我同他們一起去。注意：動(dòng)詞in sist后接賓語從句時(shí)，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，兩者的區(qū)別是：若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語氣；若謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)，則要用陳述語氣。比較:He insisted that I had read his letter.他堅(jiān)持說我看過他的信。He in sisted that I should read his letter.他堅(jiān)持要我看他的信

30、。注意：“i nsist意為"堅(jiān)持某種動(dòng)作”才用虛擬語氣；意為”堅(jiān)持某種觀點(diǎn)，某個(gè)事實(shí)”則不用虛擬語氣。He in sists he is a stude nt.他堅(jiān)持說他是個(gè)學(xué)生。這個(gè)語句表示的是事實(shí)，因此在這個(gè)語句中不能使用虛擬語氣。(2) 表示“命令”后的賓語從句order, comma nd引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，從句謂語由"should+do"構(gòu)成，其中的should通常可以省略。如:He ordered that it (should) be sent back.他命令把它送回去。He comma nded that we (should) attack at

31、 on ce.他命令我們立即發(fā)起進(jìn)攻。(3) 表示“建議”后的賓語從句advise, suggest, propose, recomme nd等弓丨導(dǎo)的賓語從句，從句謂語由"should+do" 構(gòu)成，He suggested that we should leave early.他建議我們早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身。The doctor advised that he cha nge his job.醫(yī)生勸他換工作。They recomme nd that this tax be abolished.他們建議取消這種稅。其中的should可以省略。The committee propose

32、d (that) Mr. Day be elected.委員會(huì)建議推選戴先生。He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner.他建議我們留下吃飯。What he said suggested that he was a cheat.他說的話表明他是個(gè)騙子。注意：與動(dòng)詞insist相似，動(dòng)詞suggest后接賓語從句時(shí)，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣 兩者的區(qū)別也是：suggest意為”建議"才用虛擬語氣，意為”暗示"或"表明”則不用虛擬語氣。I suggested that you had a secret un de

33、rsta nding with him.我覺得你與他心照不宣。(4)表示”要求"后的賓語從句主要是指 ask, dema nd, require , request等后的賓語從句，從句謂語 由"should+ do"構(gòu)成，should可省略。He requires that I (should) appear.他要求我出場。I dema nd that Joh n (should) go there at on ce.我要求約翰立即到那里去。They dema nded that the right to vote be give n to every adult

34、 man.他們要求給予每個(gè)成年男子以選舉權(quán)。I requested that he should use his in flue nee on my behalf.我請(qǐng)求他為我施用他的影響。He asked that the message be give n to Madame immediately.他要求把信息立即帶給夫人。(5)表示“提議”“投票”“敦促”“指示”后的賓語從句主要是指move, vote, urge, direct等后的兵語從句，從句謂語由"should+動(dòng)詞原形"構(gòu)成，should可以省略。I move that we accept the pro

35、posal.我提議通過這項(xiàng)提案。Mr. Chairma n, I beg to move that the meeti ng be adjour ned.主席先生，我提議休會(huì)。Con gress has voted that the prese nt law be maintained.國會(huì)投票決定維持現(xiàn)在這條法律。He urged that the matter should go to arbitratio n.他極力主張這件事要提交仲裁。The gen eral directed that the pris oners should be set free.將軍指示釋放那些俘虜。（6）表

36、示“安排”后的賓語從句主要是指動(dòng)詞arrange后的賓語從句，從句謂語由 "should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，should可以省略。He arran ged that I should go abroad.他安排我去國外They arran ged that the mini ster should be met at the airport.他們安排在機(jī)場迎接這位部長。It was arran ged that they should leave the follow ing spri ng.已安排好他們第二年春天離開。They've arran ged that I shou

37、ld abse nt myself for part of the meeti ng.他們安排好讓我一部分時(shí)間不在開會(huì)現(xiàn)場。（7）表示“希望”“打算”后的賓語從句主要是指動(dòng)詞desire , intend后的兵語從句，從句謂語由"should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，should 可以省略。She desires that he do it.她希望他做此事。They inten ded that the n ews （should） be suppressed.他們打算封鎖這條消息。I desire the patie nt should have a bath every day.我希望病

38、人每天洗澡。三、虛擬語氣在定語從句中的應(yīng)用虛擬語氣還可用在定語從句中，表示："早該做某事了 ”時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語氣。結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is （high / about） time that +主語+ V-ed （優(yōu)先使用動(dòng)詞過去式 ）It is （high / about） time that +主語 + should + do （should 不可省略）如: It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。It is high time you should go to work.你

39、早該上班了。It is (high) time that we should go to school 也可以寫成 It is (high)time that we went to school.It's high time for me to write my homework. I have to leave.到了寫作業(yè)的時(shí)候了，我必須要離開了。注意：右該句型略微調(diào)整成It is/was the first/seco nd time that +句子，那這個(gè)句子謂語動(dòng)詞不再采用上述形式，而是 It is the first/second time thathave/has done

40、 這是某人第一 /二/三 次做某事。It was the first/second time thathad done 如: This is the first time that I have ridden a horse。這是我第一次騎馬：This is the first time that I ride (am ridding) a horse.（你會(huì)讓人覺得你說這句話的時(shí)候你還是騎在馬背上）It was the first time that I had ridden a hose.那時(shí)我第一次騎馬（你已經(jīng)騎過馬了 ）如果你要說那將會(huì)是你第一次騎馬（你還沒有騎過馬）It will b

41、e the first time that I ride a horse.四、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的應(yīng)用句式It is+ adj./n.+ that +主語從句（從句的謂語動(dòng)詞常用 should+原形且should的省略要看情況而定）表情緒、觀點(diǎn)的形容詞或名詞， 女口： necessary、important 、impossible 、natural 、strange、surprising、funny、right 、 wrong、 better 、 a pity 、 the shame、 no wonder 等。女口： It is strange that such a person shou

42、ld be our friend.（should表示”竟然”的語氣，不可省。）句式It is+ adj.+ that +主語從句（禮貌委婉地表達(dá)情況的緊迫性可用虛擬語氣）表示緊迫的形容詞， 女口 ： advisable ，best，critical ，desirable ，essential ，imperative ，important ，necessary ， urge nt ， vital 等。女口： It's vital that you make a decisi on right now .你立刻就做決定是至關(guān)重要的。五、虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的應(yīng)用A. 對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè)，從句

43、用一般過去時(shí)（ be用were）；B. 對(duì)過去事實(shí)的假設(shè)，從句用過去完成時(shí)；C. 對(duì)將來的假設(shè)，從句用過去時(shí)或would/might/could/should+V 原形（1）虛擬語氣在目的狀語從句中的應(yīng)用1、在for fear that（生怕，唯恐），in case （以防），lest （以免，免得）引導(dǎo)的從句中，若用虛擬語氣時(shí)，從句謂語為 ：（should） + doPlease remi nd me of it aga in tomorrow in case i （should） forget.請(qǐng)你明天再提醒我這件事，以免我忘記。She exam ined the door aga in

44、for fear that a thief （should） come in.她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進(jìn)入。他早早地就岀發(fā)了以防遲到He started out earlier lest he (should) be late.2、在so that ， in order that所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，從句中的謂語為：can / could ，may / might ，will / would ，should + do我要把你的電話號(hào)碼記下來,他走近說話的人以便能聽得更清楚。他把信讀得很仔細(xì)以便不漏掉I shall write dow n your teleph one nu mber

45、so that i may not forget.以免忘記He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.一個(gè)字符或與事實(shí)相反的情況。A. The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child.這位老師對(duì)待這位學(xué)生就像自己的親生孩子一樣。（這位學(xué)生并不是她的親生孩子）我感覺我們好像認(rèn)識(shí)多年了。（其實(shí)并沒有認(rèn)B . I fel

46、t as though we had known each other for years.識(shí)多年）天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨）看樣子他好像很年輕。（他就是年輕，符合事實(shí)）看樣子他好像很年輕。（實(shí)際上他不年輕，不符合事實(shí)）C. It looks as if it might rain.對(duì)比：He looks as if he is young.He looks as if he were young.（3）虛擬語氣在讓步狀語從句中的應(yīng)用A.在even if, even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的應(yīng)用（需判斷情況是否真實(shí)）讓步狀語從句指事實(shí)時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣。若從句內(nèi)容表

47、示現(xiàn)在和將來的假設(shè)情況，從句謂語 動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣。even if 表示“即使” “縱然” “就算” “哪怕”，在真實(shí)條件句中不用虛擬。They' ll stand by you even if you don' t succeed.即使你不成功，他們也會(huì)支持你。Even if it rains tomorrow, we won ' t change our plan.即使明天下雨，我們也決不改變計(jì)戈嘰even if從句的內(nèi)容通常是假設(shè)性的用虛擬語氣；Even if he had the money, he wouldn' t buy it.他即使有錢也不會(huì)買它。

48、even though “盡管” “雖然”，引導(dǎo)的從句內(nèi)容往往是真實(shí)的，有時(shí)也用虛擬。He went out even though it was raining.盡管在下雨，他還是出去了。Even though we all tried our best, we lost the game.雖然我們已盡了最大的力量，但還是輸了。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.即使華佗在世也救不了他。（事實(shí)：華佗不在世）B. 在 whatever/ whichever/ whenever/ whoever/ wherever

49、/ however以及 no matter + wh-等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?may/might + V 原形We will fin ish it o n time no matter what may happe n.不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都要按時(shí)完成。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.不管他來的多么晚，我都會(huì)等他。No matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law.一個(gè)人不論其社會(huì)地位如何，在法律面前都是平等的。However hard it might rain rains, we shall go there together.不管雨下得多么大，今晚我們還是要去那里。表過去:may/might +have done（主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限）You must n't be proud whatever great progress you