學(xué)術(shù)英語(醫(yī)學(xué))_Unit 1（課堂PPT）

1、1學(xué)術(shù)英語學(xué)術(shù)英語 醫(yī)學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)Academic English for Medicine2Unit 1Doctors LifeDoctors are thought as noble, respectable, and caring, but it is really common to read or hear about the complaints of doctors being impatient and careless. What are the causes for such complaints? How can ordinary incidents influence the

2、 way doctors practice medicine? This unit explores doctors life from different perspectives so that you can understand them better.3Unit 1 Doctors LifeUnit ContentsLead-inText AText BText CListeningSpeakingWritingGet reading for Unit 24Lead-inQuestions to be answeredBrainstorm Additional activityUni

3、t 1 Doctors Life5Lead-inQuestions to be answered What are the causes for complaints of doctors being impatient and careless? What kind of life does a doctor lead? How can ordinary incidents influence the way doctors practice medicine?Unit 1 Doctors Life6Lead-inBrainstorm Brainstorm a list of words a

4、nd expressions related to a doctors life and practice. Unit 1 Doctors Life7Lead-inAdditional activity What do they mean for a doctor? a decent career a noble calling respectable knowledgeable under great pressure underpaid mistrusted dangerousUnit 1 Doctors Life8Text A Critical reading and thinking

5、Questions for discussion Topics for presentation Useful expressions Difficult sentencesLanguage building-up Signpost language Formal English Vocabulary testSuggested answersUnit 1 Doctors Life9Text A Critical reading and thinkingQuestions for discussion How do you interpret the title? neuron overloa

6、d juggling physicianUnit 1 Doctors Life10Text A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation1 Do you agree that it is sheer neuron overload on the doctor side that leads to the complaint that doctors dont listen? neuron overload patients high expectations mistrust and misunderstanding betwee

7、n the patients and physicianUnit 1 Doctors Life112 Describe Mrs. Osorios condition.Text A Topics for presentationUnit 1 Doctors Life12Text A Useful expressions a 56-year-old woman somewhat overweight reasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertension cholesterol on the high side without any medica

8、tions for this not as much exercise as she should thinning of her bones on last DEXA scan stressful but good about keeping her appointments and getting her blood tests generally healthyUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking13Text A Useful expressionsin my practice / in a medical practiceov

9、erweightdiabeteshypertensioncholesterol on the high sideDEXA scanthinning of her bones / lower densitystressful lifekeep her appointments blood testsgenerally healthyan average patientnot excessively complicatedUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking14Text A Topics for presentation3 What ar

10、e the good and bad things about Mrs. Osorios conditions that run through the authors mind?Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking15Text A Useful expressions Good Things Blood tests done Glucose a little better Her blood pressure good but not great Bad Things Her weight a little up Her bones

11、 a little thin on the DEXAUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking16Text A Useful expressions 20-min consultation glucose starting a statin liver enzymes normal five fruits and vegetables diet choices 30 min of walking each day exercise morning sugars compare to her evening sugars the nutrit

12、ionist / her eye doctor / the podiatrist blood pressure add another BP med more pillsUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking17Text A Useful expressions start a bisphosphonate prevent osteoporosis experiencing just the usual stress of life lurking depression or anxiety disorder the depressio

13、n questionnaire health maintenance her last mammogram PAP smear colonoscopy a tetanus booster qualify for a pneumonia vaccineUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking18Text A Topics for presentation4 Describe the situation when Mrs. Ororio might send the authors delicately balanced three-ring

14、 circus tumbling down. Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking19Text A Useful expressions The author was in moderate state of panic: juggling so many thoughts about Mrs. Osorios conditions and trying to resolve them all before the clock ran down. Mrs. Osorio made a trivial request, not so i

15、mportant as compared to her conditions. Mrs. Osorio seemed to care only about her “ innocentand completely justifiedrequest”: the form signed by her doctor. The doctor tried to or at least pretend to pay attention to the patients while completing documentation. Complaints that doctors dont listen mi

16、ght have other reasons than just doctors neuron overload.Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking20Text A Useful expressions the diet-and-exercise discussion not making eye contact with Mrs. Osorio (communication skills) get her lab results check her mammogram report document the progress of

17、 her illnesses order the tests refill her prescriptionsUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking21Text A Useful expressions her insurance company / insurance form / lose my coverage do her physical examination her back pain anything more than routine muscle strain place into accurate and thor

18、ough documentation interact with my patientUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking225 Compare multitasking in human beings and computers.Text A Topics for presentationUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking23Text A Useful expressions Multitasking originated in computer science. Mic

19、roprocessors in fact linear, actually performing only one task at a time. Multitasking just as an illusion both in computer and humans. At best, Human juggling only a handful of thoughts in this manner. The more thoughts we juggle, the less we are able to attune fully to any given thought. Multitask

20、ing as a recipe for disasterUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking24Text A Useful expressions an insurance company form order her mammogram refill only five of her six medicines fully explain the side-effects of one of her medicationsUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking256 Use

21、numbers to justify that it is the juggling mind that keeps doctors awake at night.Text A Topics for presentationUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking26Text A Useful expressions7 medical issues to consider5 separate thoughts, at least, for each issue 7 X 5 = 35 thoughts10 patients that aft

22、ernoon35 X 10 = 3505 residents under the authors supervision4 patients seen by each residents10 thoughts, at least, generated by each patients5 X 4 X 10 = 200350 + 200 = 550 thoughts to be handled in total If the doctor does a good job juggling 98% of the time, that still leaves ten thoughts that mi

23、ght get lost in the process. Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking27Text A Useful expressions medical issues to consider supervise five residents in a working day a disastrous outcome a possible lawsuit Most doctors are reasonably competent, caring individuals, but the overwhelming swirl

24、of thoughts that we must keep track of leaves many of us in a perpetual panic that something serious might slip. This is what keeps us awake at night.Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking287 What are possible solutions to the impossible high-wire act of jugglingcompeting details and panic

25、king about slipping a critical one?Text A Topics for presentationUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking29Text A Useful expressions computer-generated reminders case managers ancillary services the simplest: timeUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking30Text A Useful expressions an

26、hour for each patient a spectacular doctorSituation in China? the choices that practicing physicians face every day, with every patient rely on our clinical judgment to prioritise transplant field a dedicated and competent clinical partner such as a one-on-one nurse medical budgetsUnit 1 Doctors Lif

27、eCritical reading and thinking31Text A Difficult Sentences 1 that one stray request from a patienteven one that is quite relevantmight send the delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down. (Para.1) 如果病人冷不丁提個要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，如果病人冷不丁提個要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也會讓我那內(nèi)心脆弱的平衡亂作一團，就像井然有序也會讓我那內(nèi)心脆弱的平衡亂作一團，就像井然有序同時

28、演出三臺節(jié)目的大馬戲場突然崩塌一樣。同時演出三臺節(jié)目的大馬戲場突然崩塌一樣。Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking322 . Im piling yet another pill onto her . (Para. 3) 我還要再給她另加一種藥我還要再給她另加一種藥Text A Difficult SentencesUnit 1 Doctors Life33Text A Difficult Sentences shes caught one of my neurons in mid-fire (Para. 4) 她讓我如火如荼的思緒戛然

29、而止她讓我如火如荼的思緒戛然而止 My instinct is to put one hand up and keep all interruptions at bay. (Para. 4) 我的本能反應(yīng)是舉手，阻止她打斷我的思路。我的本能反應(yīng)是舉手，阻止她打斷我的思路。Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking34Text A Difficult Sentences We merely zip back and forth between them, generally losing accuracy in the process. (P

30、ara. 7) 我們?nèi)祟愔皇窃趦蓚€想法之間來回快速轉(zhuǎn)換，通常我們?nèi)祟愔皇窃趦蓚€想法之間來回快速轉(zhuǎn)換，通常 情況下，在轉(zhuǎn)換的過程中丟失了精準。情況下，在轉(zhuǎn)換的過程中丟失了精準。 The more thoughts we juggle, the less we are able to attune fully to any given thought. (Para. 8) The higher up, the heavier the fall. The more, the better.Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking35Text A

31、 Difficult Sentences My choices seem to boil down to entertaining fewer thoughts, accepting decreased accuracy for each thought, giving up on thorough documentation, or having a constant headache from neuronal overload. (Para. 10) boil down to:歸結(jié)為歸結(jié)為 It boils down to a question of ethics. 它可歸結(jié)成一個倫理學(xué)

32、問題它可歸結(jié)成一個倫理學(xué)問題。Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking36Text A Difficult Sentences In some cases, having a dedicated and competent clinical partner such as a one-on-one nurse can come close to simulating a second brain, but most medical budgets dont allow for such staffing indulgence. (Para

33、.12) 有些情況下，有個專注、出色的臨床搭檔，如一對一有些情況下，有個專注、出色的臨床搭檔，如一對一的護士，就仿佛有了第二個大腦，不過大多數(shù)醫(yī)療預(yù)的護士，就仿佛有了第二個大腦，不過大多數(shù)醫(yī)療預(yù)算不會如此大方，這樣配備人員。算不會如此大方，這樣配備人員。Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking37Text A Language Building-up Signpost LanguageAn innocentand completely justifiedrequest, but (Para.5) What is the function

34、of the parentheses / dashes in the sentence? Parenthetical statements: inserting additional information without creating a separate sentence and are often demonstrated by parentheses and dash.Unit 1 Doctors Life38Text A Language Building-up Formal EnglishDegree of formality should be determined byth

35、e audiencethe expectations of the audiencethe writers purposes For example, the writer of Text A employs informal language when recording her juggling thoughts, and a noticeable shift from that of the rest of the article where formal style is consistently maintained. A juggling mind is vividly prese

36、nted by informal and even ungrammatical use of language, such as “Maybe leave this until next time?”Unit 1 Doctors Life39Text A Language Building-up Formal EnglishFormal English It is used in official, literary, academic writing, or formal social events. It is more commonly used in writing than spee

37、ch. Sentences are often long and complex. Contractions are avoided.Informal English It is used in everyday personal conversations or letters to friends. It is more commonly used in everyday speech than in writing. Sentences are often short and simple. Contractions are common.Unit 1 Doctors Life40Tex

38、t A Language Building-up Formal EnglishFormal English The passive voice is often used, making it sound impersonal. Much vocabulary derived from French and Latin is used. Colloquial terms, slangs and many phrasal verbs are avoided.Informal English The active voice is often used. Vocabulary derived fr

39、om French and Latin is not used. Colloquial terms, slangs and many phrasal verbs are common.Unit 1 Doctors Life41Text A Language Building-up Formal EnglishFormal English The researchers identified the important properties. Doctors have established a new method. This appeared to rectify the problemIn

40、formal English The researchers found out what the important things were. Doctors have come up with a new method. This seemed to fix the problemUnit 1 Doctors Life42Text A Language Building-up Formal EnglishFormal English His words demonstrate that Details of the report are to be found on Page 26. Th

41、e experiment was carried out / performed.Informal English His words show that You can find out all about the report on page 26. They did an experiment.Unit 1 Doctors Life43Text A Language Building-up Formal English key to Task 31 Good thing she did her blood tests. Glucose is a little better. Choles

42、terol isnt great. May need to think about starting a statin. Are her liver enzymes normal? (Para. 3)Good signs include that she did her blood tests, and that her glucose level is a little better. However, her cholesterol level isnt great, and I may need to consider prescribing a statin for her. Furt

43、hermore, I wondered if her liver enzymes are normal.Unit 1 Doctors LifeTask 3 Rewrite the following sentences from Text A with a more formal style.44Text A Language Building-up Formal English key to Task 32 Has she been to the eye doctor? The podiatrist? (Para. 3)Unit 1 Doctors LifeHas she been to t

44、he eye doctor and the podiatrist?45Text A Language Building-up Formal English key to Task 33 But now Im piling yet another pill onto her, and one that requires detailed instructions. Maybe leave this until next time? (Para. 3)Unit 1 Doctors LifeBut now Im piling yet another pill onto her, and the pi

45、ll requires detailed instructions. “Maybe, should I leave this until next time?” I thought.46Text A Language Building-up Formal English key to Task 34 Health maintenance: when was her last mammogram? PAP smear? (Para. 3)Unit 1 Doctors LifeTo m y m i n d c a m e h e r h e a l t h maintenance. I asked

46、 myself, “When did she receive her last mammogram and PAP smear?”47Text A Vocabulary test _ overload（神經(jīng)過載） a typical office _（典型的診所就診） DEXA _（DEXA掃描） medical _（行醫(yī)）visitscanpracticeneuron / neuronal _ report（乳房X-線檢查報告） _ examination（體檢） _ of a medication（藥物的副作用）mammogramside-effectsphysicalUnit 1 Doc

47、tors LifeLanguage Building-up 48Text A Vocabulary test _control（血壓控制） health _（健康保持） perpetual _（永久的恐慌） _ physicians（執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)生） _ field（移植領(lǐng)域） medical _（醫(yī)療預(yù)算） paracetamol _（撲熱息痛藥片） _ cap（防孩子打開的蓋子）panicblood pressuremaintenancepracticingtransplantbudgettabletchildproofUnit 1 Doctors LifeLanguage Building-u

48、p 49Text A Suggested answersUnit 1 Doctors LifeTask 1. 2 Match each of the following English term and Chinese equivalent.pneumothoraxnutrienthypertensioncolonoscopymammectomyrefillneuralgiapodiatristnutritionistosteoporosisneurontransmittransplantpneumoniamammograma. 移植b. 高血壓c. 乳房X線照片d. 結(jié)腸鏡檢查（術(shù)）e. 神

49、經(jīng)元，神經(jīng)細胞f. 肺炎g. 營養(yǎng)物h. 神經(jīng)痛i. 營養(yǎng)學(xué)家j. 再配（處方）k. 氣胸l. 傳染m. 骨質(zhì)疏松n. 足病醫(yī)生o. 乳房切除術(shù)kgbdojhnimeiafc50Text A Suggested answers language building-upUnit 1 Doctors LifeTask 1. 2 Match each of the following definitions with its corresponding English term and Chinese equivalent.EnglishChinese Definition1examination

50、of the colon with a colonoscope2abnormally elevated blood pressure3an x-ray image of the breast4nerve cell5one who is trained or an expert in the field ofnutrition6a disease in which the bones become weakand break easilycolonoscopy結(jié)腸鏡檢查（術(shù)）hypertension高血壓mammogram乳房X線照片neuron神經(jīng)元，神經(jīng)細胞nutritionist營養(yǎng)學(xué)家o

51、steoporosis骨質(zhì)疏松51Text A Suggested answers language building-upUnit 1 Doctors LifeTask 1. 2 Match each of the following definitions with its corresponding English term and Chinese equivalent.EnglishChinese Definition7inflammation of the lungs8one who is specialized in the diagnosis, treatment, and pr

52、evention of diseases of the human foot9a second or subsequent filling10transfer a tissue or an organ from one body or body part to anothertransplant移植pneumonia肺炎podiatrist足病醫(yī)生refill再配（處方）52Text A Suggested answers language building-upUnit 1 Doctors LifeTask 2 Signpost language Find some examples of

53、parenthetical statement from Text A. From her perspective, this is probably the most important item in our visit, but the fact is that shes caught one of my neurons in mid-fire (the one thats thinking about her blood sugar, which is segueing into the neuron thats preparing the diet-and-exercise disc

54、ussion, which is intersecting with the one thats debating about initiating a statin). (Para. 4) What if I drop onewhat if one of my thoughts evaporates while I address another concern? (Para. 4)53Text A Suggested answers language building-upUnit 1 Doctors LifeTask 2 Signpost language Find some examp

55、les of parenthetical statement from Text A. An innocentand completely justifiedrequest, but I feel that this could be the straw that breaks the camels back, that the precarious balance of all that Im keeping in the air will be simply unhinged. (Para. 5) There are many proposed solutionscomputer-gene

56、rated reminders, case managers, ancillary services. (Para. 10)54Text BPre-reading questionCritical reading and thinkingResearchingLanguage building-upUnit 1 Doctors Life55How nontrivial can trivial incidents be in ones life? Text B Pre-reading questionUnit 1 Doctors Life56Text B Critical Reading and

57、 ThinkingReflection What other lessons can you learn from the text?Unit 1 Doctors Life57Text B Critical Reading and ThinkingReflectionDr. Sacketts challenge to the traditional wisdom in treating his hepatitis patient Never be a blind believer of authority or conventional wisdom. Scientific progress

58、requires unconventional way of thinking. Challenging authority is a Must for real scientists Be tolerant and open-minded about novelties. Be sensitive to trivialities. Think differently.Unit 1 Doctors Life58Text B Critical Reading and ThinkingReflectionDr. Sacketts eventful “clinical course” and ico

59、noclasm Attitude can be life-changing. Stick to the justifiable beliefs and act out. Be yourself or be unique may bring about surprises. Develop your own personality is part of professional life. Science owes much to those non-conventionalists and iconoclasts.Unit 1 Doctors Life59Text B Critical Rea

60、ding and Thinking1 Design of Thomas Chalmers trialUnit 1 Doctors LifeClear description of the eligibility criteria of participants, and their random allocationComparisons of two regimens per trialPrecise definition of experimental and control regimens Close monitoring and reinforcement of compliance