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1、常用英語語法第一章英文文法的最基本規(guī)則 英文和我們中文最大的不同,是在動詞,我們中文的動詞很簡單,沒有所謂的第幾人稱,也沒有復(fù)數(shù)和單數(shù)之分,更沒有過去式或進行式,英文可不同了,凡是用動詞的時候,必須注意很多很多的規(guī)則,一旦弄錯了,常常是犯了大錯。 在這一章,我要將英文最基本的規(guī)則一一列下。這些規(guī)則都是我們中國人所常常不注意的。 為了不要誤導(dǎo)讀者,凡本書內(nèi)錯誤的句子前面都有的符號。 規(guī)則():兩個動詞是不能聯(lián)在一起用的。 在中文,我們常說“我是愛你的”,翻成英文,這就變成了 I am love you. 滑稽的是,這句英文句子犯了大忌,因為am是動詞,love也是動詞,兩個動詞是不能聯(lián)在一起用的
2、。這句話的正確說法是: I love you. 或者 I am in love with you. 我們中國人也會說我喜歡看電視,翻成英文,這變成 I love watch television. 這個句子也犯了同樣的錯。 以下幾個句子都是錯的,因為這些句子中都有兩個動詞連在一起的情形: I hate eat fish. I love play basketball. I love swim. 如果
3、你一定要講“我愛游泳”,怎么辦呢?請看以下的規(guī)則。 規(guī)則():如一定要同時用兩個動詞,后者的前面必須加“to”或者將后者加入“ing”。 “我愛游泳”,因此有兩種正確的譯法: I love to swim. I love swimming. 以下的句子都是正確的: I hate to eat fish. I hate eating fish. I love to play basketball. I love playing basketball I keep going to church. 規(guī)則():主詞如果是第三人稱,現(xiàn)在式及單數(shù),動詞必須
4、加s. 我們中國人最不容易記得的規(guī)則,恐怕就是這一條了,以下的句子都是錯的。 He write very well. Jack love playing the violin. Mary swim every day. 正確的句子是: He writes very well. Jack loves playing the violin. Mary swims every day. 規(guī)則():絕大多數(shù)的否定的句子,不能直接加“not”。 我們中文對否定語氣,規(guī)則極為簡單,我們可以說“我不愛你”,但是我們不能說 I not love you. 我們也不能說: I not saw that movi
5、e. I not like swimming. He not likes playing violin. 我們必須用一種助動詞來完成否定的句子,以下才是正確的否定句子: I do not love you. I did not see that movie. He does not like playing violin. 請注意,在以上的句子中,do和did都是助動詞,do是現(xiàn)在式,did是過去式。 關(guān)于現(xiàn)在式和過去式,究竟是怎么一回事,以后我們會解釋清楚的。 助動詞不限于“do”和它的變型,can、will、would、shall、may、must等等都是助動詞,因此,以下的英文句子又都是
6、對的: He can not swim. They will not go to church tomorrow. Mary should not go to the party. I shall not see you. He may not go out tonight. He must not eat meat any more. 規(guī)則():在不定詞“to”的后面,必須用原形動詞 英文中的動詞,是會變化的,以have為例,第一人稱和第三人就不同: I have a dog.He has a dog. 如果是過去式,動詞又要變化。have的過去式是had,不論第幾人稱,一概都要用had。
7、幾乎每一個英文動詞的過去式都有變化,以下是幾個例子: 現(xiàn)在式 過去式 go went come came eat ate play played swim swam 不論那一個動詞,都有一個原形動詞,一切都是從這個原形動詞變出來的,像go、drink、have、walk、love、like等等都是原形動詞。 如果我們有必要要用不定詞to,就必須用原形動詞,例如to go、to drink、to have,都是正確的,to went;to drank;to loved等等都是錯的。 英文中有一個動詞最為麻煩,那就是am、are、is、was、were等等,翻譯成中文,這都是,而這些動詞的來源都是
8、be,所以我們說這些動詞都是verb to be。 以下的句子都用上了be I want to be a teacher. He wants to be a good father. They all love to be rich. No one likes to be poor. 規(guī)則():英文中有所謂的助動詞。必須注意 英文中有很多動詞都是助詞動,在規(guī)則()中,我們說在絕大多數(shù)的否定語句中,必須用助動詞do或did。Do是原形動詞,did 和does都是do的變形。 除了do是助動詞以外,can、may、might、will、would、must也都是助動詞。 以上所提到的助動詞,都有一
9、個共同的特色,那就是這些助動詞后的動詞必須是原形動詞,以下的句子都是正確的: He can swim. He does not swim. I do not speak English. You must walk to work every day. I did not work yesterday. You may leave now. I will go to Taipei tomorrow. 以下的句子都是錯的: I did not went. He does not goes to work. You must walked to work. 除了以上的助動詞以外,還有一個非常特殊的
10、助動詞,那就是have,在這個助動詞的后面,動詞絕對不能用原形動詞,以下是用這個助動詞的例子: I have been to England. I have slept all day. I have studied English since I was a child. been、slept 和studied都是過去分詞(past participle),以下的句子也都是現(xiàn)在完成式,我們后討論完成式的時候,會將這些解釋清楚的。 規(guī)則():英文問句要有助動詞 我們先看看以下的英文句子,這些都是錯的: How many books you wrote? How many sons you ha
11、ve? 正確的句子是: Why do you drink so much water? How many books did you write? How many sons do you have? 絕大多數(shù)的英文問句子是一定要有助動詞,以下全是正確的英文問句,你可以看出每一句的助動詞嗎? Do you love me? Did you go to school yesterday? How many books do you have? How much money does he have? Why dont you go back home? Do you like to swim?
12、Can you play violin? Will you go home tomorrow? Would you give me a call? 當然啦,一旦動詞是verb to be,我們又不需要助動詞了,以下都是正確的英文問句: Are you a teacher? Is he a student? Is Mr. Chang your father? Were your mother and father in England last year? 規(guī)則():特殊動詞隨主詞的變化 英文中,有些動詞因主詞不同而改變,verb to be是其中之一,因此,我們必須記得以下的規(guī)則:
13、; 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 現(xiàn)在式 單數(shù) I am You are (He,She,It)is 復(fù)數(shù) We are You are They are 過去式 單數(shù) I was You were (He,She,It)was 復(fù)數(shù) We were You were They were Verb to have也有類似的變化: 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 現(xiàn)在式 單數(shù) I have You have (He,She,It)has 復(fù)數(shù) We have You have They have 過去式 單數(shù) I had You had (He
14、,She,It)had 復(fù)數(shù) We had You had They had 【練習一】 以下的句子都有錯,請將正確的句子寫出來: 1. I am like my parent. 2. He is loves his teacher. 3. He keeps swim every day. 4. He wants drink a glass of water. 5. He likes play violin. 6. Jack do not love mathematics. 7. Mary hate singing. 8. My mother cook very good food. 9. H
15、e want me to see him tomorrow. 10. He not knows my name. 11. I not like you. 12. He not like swimming. 13. You not went home. 14. I not like swimming. 15. I wanted to went to my mothers home. 16. I do not like to swimming. 17. I did not ate dinner. 18. I will not went home. 19. He did not went home.
16、 20. You may leaving now. 21. He can swimming. 22. He does not goes to work. 第二章現(xiàn)在式和現(xiàn)在進行式 2§1 現(xiàn)在式 英文中,現(xiàn)在式(present tense)好像是最容易的,其實現(xiàn)在式都是我們常常用錯的時式。 首先,我們不妨舉一個例子來說明我們對現(xiàn)在式慣有的誤解,假設(shè)我們要說我在吃午飯,這總該用現(xiàn)在式了吧。很多人將這句話翻成 I eat lunch. 這就錯了,因為I eat lunch.的意思并不是我在吃午飯,而是我有吃午飯的習慣,意思是說,有人中午不吃午飯(可能是在減肥),我
17、可是每天中午都會吃午飯的。 我在吃午飯,應(yīng)該要用現(xiàn)在進行式,這是我們以后會談的。 現(xiàn)在式不是指任何一個行為,而是一種狀況。舉例來說,以下幾句話都應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在式: 我是一個學生 I am a student. 他是一個老師 He is a teacher. 他每天游泳 He swims every day. 湯姆勤奮工作 Tom works hard 他早起 He gets up early. 瑪莉喜歡看電影 Mary loves watching movies. 這里常常下雨 It rains often here. 我每天喝一杯牛奶 I drink a glass of milk every
18、day. 我是中國人 I am a Chinese. 他會講英文 He speaks English. 他有喝茶的習慣 He drinks tea. 我騎腳踏車上學 I ride a bicycle to school. 他搭乘公車上班 He rides a bus to go to work. 我不喜歡你 I do not like you. 他愛他的太太 He loves his wife. 他守法 He obeys the law. 我不喜歡莎士比亞 I do not like Shakespeare. 他不抽煙 He does not smoke. 他喝酒 He drinks. 他唱歌
19、唱得很好 He sings well. 他跳舞跳得很好 He dances well. 他不會游泳 He can not swim. 他不是一個好學生 He is not a good student. 他們都很懶 They are all very lazy. 凡是真理,自然界的現(xiàn)象,數(shù)學里的定理,都要用現(xiàn)在式: 太陽從東方升起 The sun rises in the east. 地球是圓的 The earth is round. 月亮是地球的一個衛(wèi)星 The moon is a satellite of the earth. 美國是一個大的國家 America is a large co
20、untry. 在北極的夏天,太陽永不落下 The sun never sets at the North Pole in summer. 樹葉吸收二氧化碳 Tree leaves absorb CO2 . 計算機的基本原理是布爾代數(shù) The basic principle of computers is Boolean algebra 二點決定一線 Two points define a line. 三點決定一平面 Three points define a plane. 三基本顏色是紅、黃、藍 Three of the basic colors are red, yellow
21、160; and blue. 【練習二】 將以下中文句子翻成英文,都用現(xiàn)在式。 1.他是一個好學生。 2.我的哥哥17歲。 3.我弟弟每天游泳。 4.他們都喜歡音樂。 5.他們現(xiàn)在在日本。 6.喜瑪拉雅山是全世界最高的山。 7.亞馬孫河是全世界最長的。 8.他的爸爸是位老師。 9.我們都喜歡中國菜。 10.他不喜歡冰淇淋。 11.我愛你。 12.每個人都怕蛇。 13.每個人都喜歡狗。 14.今天真冷。 2§2 現(xiàn)在進行式 假如我們正在做一件事,是不能用現(xiàn)在式的,而必須用現(xiàn)在進行式,現(xiàn)在進行式的形態(tài)是: verb to be + present participle(現(xiàn)在分詞) ver
22、b to be 大家都懂,什么叫做現(xiàn)在分詞呢?現(xiàn)在分詞就是 動詞ing 以下是現(xiàn)在分詞的例子 動詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 work working go going read reading run running play playing swim swimming sing singing write writing eat eating walk walking come coming love loving like liking watch watching smoke smoking 如果我們說 I am watching a movie. 那是指我現(xiàn)在正在看電影,這和 I wa
23、tch movies. 意義上截然不同的,I watch movies是說我有看電影的習慣。 因此有些動詞是沒有現(xiàn)在進行式的,舉例來說 I am loving you. 是不通的,因為嚴格說起來,love是一種狀態(tài),而不是一個動作?,F(xiàn)在進行式,都是指動作,很少指狀態(tài)的。 以下是現(xiàn)在進行式的例子: I am calling my father. He is swimming now. He is playing basketball. They are all eating now. He is walking in the woods now. He is reading a detectiv
24、e novel. Mr. Brown is driving to work. Mrs. Brown is cooking. It is raining now. 【練習三】 將以下句子譯成英文,都用現(xiàn)在進行式: 1.他在看電影。 2.我在游泳。 3.她在和她媽媽打電話。 4.他的哥哥在散步。 5.我現(xiàn)在正在吃飯。 6.我們在唱歌。 7.他在彈鋼琴。 8.他在看一本小說。 9.我在寫一封信。 10.他在跑步。 【練習四】 將下列句子譯成英文,有的用現(xiàn)在式,有的用現(xiàn)在進行式: 1.我愛你。 2.我正在吃飯。 3.他不是一個學生。 4.我是一個老師。 5.他正在唱歌。 6.他在游泳。 7.他喜歡游泳
25、。 8.他會唱歌。 9.他正在唱歌。 10.他的爸爸是一個醫(yī)生。 11.他的爸爸在美國。 12.我正在洗澡。 13.他正在睡覺。 14.你的姊姊在騎腳踏車。 15.你的姊姊每天騎腳踏車上學。 第三章過去式和過去進行式 3§1 過去式 過去式是指過去所發(fā)生的事,舉例來說,假如我昨天去看了一場電影,我就可以說 I went to see a movie yesterday. 以下全部是正確的句子: I saw your father last night. I met your son last month. I ate three apples this morning. He wen
26、t to church to pray last night. 可是,我們必須非常小心,因為一不小心,我們就可能犯了大錯,我們?nèi)绻蚯閭H表示愛情,當然說 I love you. 如果我們說 I loved you. 事情就可能鬧大了,因為這表示我過去曾經(jīng)愛過你,可是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不愛了。I loved you等于是I loved you before. But I do not love you now. 假如我們看過一個小男孩然后我們說 He was a good
27、boy. 那就是說他現(xiàn)在已不是一個好男孩了,變成了一個不乖的孩子,或者他已經(jīng)死了。 英文里的過去式常常是偵探用來破案的線索。有一次,有一個母親,向警察報案,說她的女兒失蹤了,她在記者面前,聲淚俱下地說 She was such a nice girl. 警察馬上覺得這位母親有問題,因為她不該用過去式的,用了過去式,表示女兒已經(jīng)死了,可是母親不是說她失蹤了嗎?為什么她用過去式,極有可能因為她知道她女兒已經(jīng)死了,才脫口而出,用了過去式。警察因此懷疑母親本人就是兇手,事實也果真如此:這位母親打自己的女兒,出手太重,將女兒打死了,謊報女兒失蹤,她用了過去式,使警察知道她有問題。整個案子的偵破,就在于過
28、去式。 我們因此不能輕易用過去式,但我們也千萬要注意,該用過去式的時候,一定要用過去式,以下句子都是錯的: I go to school yesterday. I see a movie last night. My mother comes to see me last month. I eat three apples this morning. He is happy yesterday. 以上句子的正確寫法是: I went to school yesterday. I saw a movie last night. My mother came to see me last mont
29、h. I ate three apples this morning. He was happy yesterday. 【練習五】 將以下中文句子翻成英文,全部用過去式: 1.我昨天參加了一個舞會。 2.他的哥哥昨天打電話給我。 3.我去年到美國去。 4.昨夜我遇到你的姊姊。 5.我寫了一封信給你。 6.我今晨吃了一個蛋。 7.他昨夜整夜跳舞。 8.我們昨天跑了五千公尺。 9.他昨夜非常疲倦。 10.他昨夜去臺北探訪他的爸爸。 【練習六】 將下列的句子譯成英文句子,有的用現(xiàn)在式,有的用過去式: 1.他是一個強壯的男孩。 2.他昨天生病了。 3.他每天吃一個蘋果。 4.他昨天吃了三個蘋果。 5.
30、我喜歡看電影。 6.我是個快樂的人。 7.昨天我看了兩場電影。 8.他昨天寄了一封信給你。 9.他常常抽煙。 10.我每天讀圣經(jīng)。 11.他昨天沒有念圣經(jīng)。 12.他昨天沒有游泳。 【練習七】 將以下句子譯成英文,用現(xiàn)在式,現(xiàn)在進行式或過去式: 1.他在打籃球。 2.他喜歡打籃球。 3.他昨天打籃球。 4.他每天騎腳踏車上學。 5.他昨天騎腳踏車到鄉(xiāng)下去。 6.我喜歡唱歌。 7.他正在唱歌。 8.你的爸爸昨天來看我。 9.他的哥哥每天步行二公里。 10.他的弟弟是個好孩子。 11.他去年非常虛弱。 12.他正在打電話。 13.他每天都努力工作(work hard)。 14.你的弟弟喜歡游泳。
31、15.他過去是個好學生。 3§2 過去進行式 過去進行式和現(xiàn)在進行式有點類似,只是verb to be要用過去式的??墒怯幸稽c不同,過去進行式,很少單獨用的,而常和另一句子一齊用。舉例來說以下的中文句子: 我昨天去看你的時候,你正在打籃球,如譯成中文,就是 You were playing basketball when I went to see you yesterday. 以下是典型的過去進行式用法 I was taking a bath when you called. I was watching TV when you came to see me. They were
32、dancing when the teacher came in. They were singing in the station when the train arrived. Mr. Brown was cleaning his house when his son came home. 總而言之,過去進行式通常牽涉到幾件事,這兩件事同時發(fā)生,其中一件事用過去式,另一件事用過去進行式 【練習八】 將以下句子譯成英文,其中一部份使用過去進行式: 1.他昨天到學校去的時候,天在下雨。 2.當火車停下的時候,他在看報(read newspaper)。 3.當火車進站的時候,他們在唱歌。 4.我
33、昨天去他家的時候,他在和他爸爸打電話。 5.昨天晚上八點鐘,我在家看電視。 6.當我爸爸昨晚打電話給我的時候,我正在刷牙(brush my teeth)。 7.當我昨晚打電話給他時,他在游泳。 8.當這貓走進來的時候,那只狗在睡覺。 9.當他弟弟回家的時候,他在拉小提琴。 10.當我爸爸回家的時候,我媽媽在燒飯。 【練習九】 填充 1. I (be) a Christian. 2. He (be) a C
34、atholic when he was a child. 3. I (go) to see my mother yesterday. 4. I (like) to play piano. 5. He (eat) now. 6. It
35、60; (rain) now. 7. He (walk) to school every day. 8. He (walk) now. 9. He (be) a good boy. 10. He (swim
36、) when I called him. 11. He (go) to see his mother yesterday. 12. I (take) a bath when my mother called me. 13. I (like) to swim. 14. I
37、160; (like) to swim when I was young. Now, I dont because I am too old. 15. It (rain) now. 16. It (rain) when I drove to work yesterday. 17. It &
38、#160; (rain) last night. 18. It (rain)very often here. 19. He (read) a book when I went to see him yesterday. 20. I (be) a student when I w
39、as young. Now I am a teacher. 【練習十】 改正以下句子的錯誤 1. They are driving when I went to see them yesterday. 2. It rained here very often in Taipei. 3. He gives his book to his brother last month. 4. He go to work every morning. 5. He likes to told stories. 6. I like to w
40、ent to church. 7. The sun sets now. 8. They are play the piano now. 9. I am love you. 10. He were a good student before. 11. He goes to church last Sunday. 12. It rains last night. 13. I am playing when you called. 14. It is raining when I drove to work last night. 15. He do not kn
41、ow me. 16. I were swimming when my mother came. 17. They is singing now. 18. He do not like to swim. 19. He always wear a black coat. 20. He is watch TV now. 第四章完成式(Perfect Tense) 4§1 現(xiàn)在完成式(Present Perfect Tense) 完成式的形式是 verb to have + past participle,每一個動詞,都有過去式和過去分詞,以下就是一些例子: 原式 過去式 過去分詞(past
42、 participle) go went gone come came come see saw seen do did done watch watched watched get got gotten(或got) have had had use used used buy bought bought listen listened listened draw drew drawn paint painted painted leave left left arrive arrived arrived dance danced danced kill killed killed
43、 write wrote written run ran run swim swam swum snow snowed snowed eat ate eaten love loved loved fly flew flown spread spread spread hit hit hit drink drank drunk take took taken grow grew grown sell sold sold ride rode ridden steal stole stolen break broke broken walk walked walked read read read
44、sing sang sung work worked worked 以下的句子都是用了現(xiàn)在完成式: I have read this book. I have seen the movie. I have lived here since 1973. I have studied English for a long time. He has washed his hands. He has left. He has already completed the report. The storm has arrived. I have taken the job. I have written
45、 the letters. I have not seen him since 1975. I have never seen this man before. 什么情況之下要用現(xiàn)在完成式呢? 1. 首先假設(shè)我們有一件事,發(fā)生在過去,而一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,就要用現(xiàn)在完成式,這種句子后面常有since或for。以下是這種情形的例子: (1)自從1963年,我一直在念英文。I have studied English since 1963. (2)自從1975年以后,我就住在這里。I have lived here since 1975. (3)自從我是一個小孩子,我就喜歡搖滾樂。I ha
46、ve loved rock and roll music since I was a child. (4)自從去年,我就從來沒有見過他。Since last year, I have never seen him. (5)自從1950年以后,他就一直在此工作。He has worked here since 1950. (6)我認識他已經(jīng)很久了。I have known him for a long time. (7)他練習網(wǎng)球已經(jīng)四年了。He has already practiced tennis for (the past) four years. (8)我穿這件夾克很久了。I have
47、 worn this jacket for a very long time. (9)我開這輛汽車很久了。I have driven this car for a long time. (10)好久沒有下雨了。It has not rained for a long time. 2.使用現(xiàn)在完成式的另一情況是強調(diào)已經(jīng)完成的事,比方說,你說我已經(jīng)寫了那封信,就可以用現(xiàn)在完成式,或者,你說他已經(jīng)完成了工作。以下是這類的例子: (1)我已經(jīng)寫了這封信。 I have already written the letter. (2)他已經(jīng)完成了工作。He has already complet
48、ed the work. (3)我已經(jīng)測試了這個程序。I have already tested the program. (4)我已經(jīng)收到了你的信。I have already received your letter. (5)他已搬到了一個較大的房子。He has already moved to a bigger house. (6)雖然他很年輕,但他已寫了三本小說。Although he is young, he has already written three novels. (7)我打了二次電話給他,他都沒有回答。I called him twice, he has never
49、answered. 3.現(xiàn)在完成式用來表示一種經(jīng)驗,舉例來說,我曾經(jīng)到過美國、我曾見過李總統(tǒng)、我有生以來沒有跳過舞,這些都應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成式,例如: (1) 我曾經(jīng)到過美國。I have been to America. (2) 我曾見過李總統(tǒng)。I have seen President Lee. (3) 我有生以來沒有跳過舞。I have never danced in my life. (4) 我看過雙城記。I have read The Tale of Two Cities. (5) 他曾吃過這種冰淇淋。He has tasted
50、 this kind of ice cream. (6) 我未曾見過雪。I have never seen snow. (7) 你曾見過雪嗎?Have you ever seen snow? (8) 你登過玉山嗎?Have you ever climbed Jade Mountain? 4.現(xiàn)在完成式可以用來表示一件過去常發(fā)生的事: (1) 今年我國已有二次臺風。We have already had two typhoons so far this year. (2) 他今年已發(fā)表了三篇論文。He has already publi
51、shed three papers this year. (3) 過去一年,我看了三次鐵達尼號。In the past year, I have seen The Titanic three times. 對讀者而言,最重要的是現(xiàn)在完成式和過去式不同究竟在那里?最重要的不同在于,一旦在句子中講一件過去發(fā)生的事,而且指定特定的時間,就一定要用過去式,而不能用現(xiàn)在完成式。比方說,我曾經(jīng)看過鐵達尼號,可以用現(xiàn)在完成式,因為這句話沒有指明任何特定的時間,假如說,我昨天晚上去看鐵達尼號,就一定用過去式,讀者不妨看看以下的比較: (a)I went to America last year.I
52、 have been to America. (b)I saw The Titanic last year.I have seen The Titanic twice. (c)I finished my homework late last night.I have finally finished my homework. (d)I studied English when I was a small child.I have studied English since I was a child. (e)I went to church yesterday.I have never bee
53、n to church. 以下的句子是錯的,請?zhí)貏e注意: (1)I have seen the movie last year. (2)I have never been to America last year. (3)He has never finished his work last night. 現(xiàn)在完成式常和since、for、already、never、ever等字一起使用,以下都是這類的例子: (1)I have already had dinner. (2)Since this summer began, we have already had two storms. (3)
54、It has not rained for a long time. (4)I have never talked to this man before. (5)I have never met your father. (6)Have you ever been to America? (7)He has already won three awards. (8)I have stayed here since June. Never 和 ever 也常是我們弄不清楚如何使用的字,一般說來, never 有否定的意思,ever則只有在問句中才會出現(xiàn)。 【練習十一】 將以下句子譯成英文,全部用
55、現(xiàn)在完成式: 1.自從1980年,我就每天早上游泳。 2.我已收到了你的信。 3.我從未去過美國。 4.從他是一個小孩開始,他就是一個基督徒(Christian)。 5.我見過你的祖父。 6.你的弟弟一直住在這里。 7.他學鋼琴已經(jīng)很久了。 8.我已寫了三封信給他,他都沒有回。 9.過去三年我都在開這部車。 10.自從1975年以來,他一直是一位老師。 11.他教英文很久了。 12.我曾經(jīng)看過亂世佳人(Gone with the Wind)。 13.我已吃過飯了。 14.今年我去過海灘三次。 15.我終其一生都愛你的。 【練習十二】 將以下句子譯成英文,有的用過去式,有的用現(xiàn)在完成式 1.昨天
56、我去看亂世佳人(Gone with the Wind)。 2.我從未看過亂世佳人。 3.去年,我住在美國。 4.自從1985年,我就一直住在美國。 5.他從未去過英國。 6.他已經(jīng)完成了報告。 7.我昨天晚上完成了報告。 8.昨夜,我見到了你的父親。 9.我已經(jīng)見過你的父親好幾次了。 10.我終生都住在臺中。 【練習十三】 填充 1. I (become) a Christian when I was a child. 2. I
57、; (be) a Christian all my life. 3. He (live) here since 1939. 4. Stop eating now. You (eat) too much. 5. It (rain)
58、last night. 6. John is a writer. He (written) thirteen novels. 7. Last night, I (see) your father for the first time in my life. 8. I (talk) to
59、my father last night. 9. Since 1961, I (be) a teacher. Before that, I (be) a student. 10. I (read) many novels written by Charles Dickens. 4§2現(xiàn)在完成進行式(Present Perfect Progressive Tense) 在上一節(jié),我們知道,如果有一個行動,從過去發(fā)生后,就一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,我們可以用現(xiàn)在完成式。舉例來說,以下的例子都應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成式: (1) 自從1974年,我就在學校學英文。Since 1974, I have studied English at school. (2)
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