江蘇職稱英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句排列

1、第3節(jié) 語(yǔ)句排列Passage 1 Food poisoning is often caused by salmonella bacteria c 沙門氏菌) in food, especially raw meats and dairy products. Also, be sure to keep your hands and cooking utensils clean so.you do not transfer germs to the food while you are preparing it. So, remember to keep hot food hot and col

2、d food cold': . To stay healthy, you must also be careful to avoid food poisoning-a common,unpleasant, and often dangerous illness that affects one out of every six Americans each year; Heat usually kills the bacteria and refrigeration keeps them from growing. B415324 為了保持健康，你也必須小心，避免食物中毒，一個(gè)共同的，

3、令人不快的，而且往往是危險(xiǎn)的疾病，每年影響到六成美國(guó)人；1 食物中毒往往是由沙門氏菌引起的細(xì)菌（沙門氏菌）食品，特別是肉類和乳制品。5 加熱通常會(huì)殺死細(xì)菌和制冷阻止他們成長(zhǎng)。3 所以，記得保持熱的食物熱，冷食品冷2 另外，一定要保持你的手和炊具清潔，所以在你準(zhǔn)備它的時(shí)候，你不要細(xì)菌轉(zhuǎn)移到食物。Passage 2Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. With the development of electron

4、ic publishing, many medical journals now have websites on the Internet, and some journals publish only online. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. In the past, these journals were available only in print; A few medical journals, like the Journal

5、of the American Medical Association,are considered general medical journals because they -diver many fields of medicine.C13542醫(yī)學(xué)雜志上,報(bào)告醫(yī)療信息給醫(yī)生和其他保健專業(yè)人員。在過(guò)去,這些日記是只在打印;由于電子出版發(fā)展,現(xiàn)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上有許多醫(yī)學(xué)期刊網(wǎng)站,只發(fā)表一些在線期刊。一些醫(yī)學(xué)期刊上,像美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)雜志, 一般被認(rèn)為是醫(yī)學(xué)期刊,因?yàn)樗麄兩婕霸S多領(lǐng)域的醫(yī)學(xué)。大多數(shù)醫(yī)療期刊是專業(yè)期刊,重點(diǎn)放在特定領(lǐng)域的醫(yī)學(xué)。Passage 31. Generally, courts h

6、ave accepted the reliability of DNA testing and admitted DNA test results into evidence.2. DNA fingerprinting was first developed as an identification technique in 1985. In criminal investigations, DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crime scene are compared to the DNA fingerprin

7、ts of suspects. . Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases, it soon came to be used in criminal investigations and legal affairs. The first criminal conviction, based on DNA evidence in the United States occurred in 1988.A24531DNA 指紋技術(shù)最初是發(fā)展作為識(shí)別技術(shù)是在 1985 年。原本用來(lái)檢測(cè)遺傳疾病的存在,它很快就被使用在刑事調(diào)查

8、和法律事務(wù)。首次刑事定罪, 根據(jù)基因證據(jù)在美國(guó)發(fā)生在 1988。在刑事調(diào)查, 來(lái)源于在犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)收集的 DNA指紋證據(jù)和犯罪嫌疑人的 DNA指紋比對(duì)。一般來(lái)說(shuō),法庭接受了 DNA 測(cè)試的可靠性,并承認(rèn) DNA 檢測(cè)結(jié)果可作證據(jù)Passage 4 The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world. Later, he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic and

9、 that was where we stuck, .in surgical instrument terms, for many The word "laser" means;' light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. Thousands of years ago, man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. In the 1960s ,a new tool was developed, one which was, first of

10、all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art land science of surgery.C42513 幾千年前，人類使用方便的巖石為他的手術(shù)。以后，他用銳利骨或角，金屬刀和最近，橡膠和塑料，我們?cè)S多外科手術(shù)儀器在這里停留在 60 年代，一個(gè)新的工具的被發(fā)，首先，在裝部隊(duì)和工業(yè)有很大的實(shí)際使用，但這也，同時(shí)，帶來(lái)革命性的藝術(shù)的科學(xué)的外科手術(shù)。這個(gè)工具就是激光，它正在被越來(lái)越多的在世界各地的外科醫(yī)

11、生使用?！凹す狻敝傅氖鞘芗ぽ椛涞姆糯蟮墓狻assage 5 . In the traditional gall bladder operation, doctors make a large cut across theperson's abdomen to remove the gall bladder. The bile is released into the intestine to help the body digest and take in food; The gall bladder is an organ that stores bile produced in

12、the liver. But tiny stones can form in the gall bladder. Patients must spend up to l0 days in the hospital and they often suffer painfor as long as six weeks while they recover from the operation.6. The stones can block the-tube leading to the intestine, which can cause severepain. D324615 膽囊是一個(gè)儲(chǔ)存在肝

13、臟中產(chǎn)生膽汁的器官膽汁釋放到腸道，幫助身體消化和食品；但小結(jié)石可形成在膽囊。石頭可以阻止血管導(dǎo)致小腸，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的疼痛。/在傳統(tǒng)的膽囊手術(shù)，醫(yī)生做一個(gè)大的跨越到人的腹部去除膽囊?；颊弑仨毣ㄙM(fèi)高達(dá) 10 天在醫(yī)院里，他們從手術(shù)中恢復(fù)，常常遭受痛苦需要六星期Passage 61. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actuallyinjected into the patient in a controlled environment.2.This makes sure that when th

14、e patient later comes-into contact with the realproblem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it. .In-the most serious cases, in,which the entire population of a region orcountry may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to offer the people vaccination sothat the disease will not sp

15、read. Information on how ,to penetrate the -disease's defences is transmitted to allelements of the patient's immune system in a process, in which genetic information ispassed from cell to cell. The process of vaccination allows the patient's body to develop immunity tothe virus or disea

16、se so that, if it is encountered, one can ward it off naturally. . A35142 16 1. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop hisintelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we a

17、re born3, Our intelligence, to some extent, is given to us at birth; and no-amount ofspecial education can make a genius out of a child -born with low intelligence. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. Thus, the limits of a person intelligence are fixed at birth

18、, but whether or nothe reaches those limits will depend on his environment. D31542我們的智能，在一定程度上，是我們出生的時(shí)候給我們的；大量特殊教育可以使一個(gè)天生的低智商的孩子造就天才另一方面，孩子生活在一個(gè)無(wú)聊的環(huán)境來(lái)低于一個(gè)生活在豐富多彩的環(huán)境發(fā)展自己的智力因此，一個(gè)人智力出生時(shí)是固定的，但他是否能達(dá)到這個(gè)范圍將取決于他的環(huán)境。這種觀點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)在的大多數(shù)專家以多種方式支持。這就顯示我們的智力在某種程度上是天生的Passage 71. On the other hand, a child who lives in a

19、 boring environment will develop hisintelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born3, Our intelligence, to some extent, is given to us at birth; and no-amount ofspecial education can make a genius

20、out of a child -born with low intelligence. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. Thus, the limits of a person intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or nothe reaches those limits will depend on his environment. D31542我們的智能，在一定程度上，是我們出生的時(shí)候給我們的；大量特殊教育可以使一個(gè)天生

21、的低智商的孩子造就天才另一方面，孩子生活在一個(gè)無(wú)聊的環(huán)境來(lái)低于一個(gè)生活在豐富多彩的環(huán)境發(fā)展自己的智力因此，一個(gè)人智力出生時(shí)是固定的，但他是否能達(dá)到這個(gè)范圍將取決于他的環(huán)境。這種觀點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)在的大多數(shù)專家以多種方式支持。這就顯示我們的智力在某種程度上是天生的Passage 81. To begin with, all the factors which are part of intelligence-the child'sunderstanding of language, learning patterns, curiosity areestablished well before th

22、e child enters school at the age of 6. .2. Study after study has shown that even after school begins, children'sachievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers. As researchers learn more about how children's intelligence develops, theyare increasingly surprised by the

23、power of parents. This is particularly true about learning that is language-related. The power of school has been replaced by the home.A35124在研究人員更多的了孩子的如何發(fā)展智力 ,他們對(duì)母的力量越來(lái)越感到驚訝。學(xué)校的力量已經(jīng)被家庭取代了。首先,所有的因素分別是智力的孩子的理解、語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)模式 ,好奇心在孩子 6 歲進(jìn)入學(xué)校的時(shí)候已經(jīng)建立。大量研究證實(shí),即使開(kāi)學(xué)后,孩子們?nèi)〉玫某删褪歉芨改赣绊懚皇抢蠋?。尤其是關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。Passage 91 

24、0;The researchers drew blood samples that showed that the levels of  C-reactive protein were significantly higher in the subjects who were  asked to dwell on the

25、0;speech.   2  For these participants, the levels of the inflammatory marker continued to rise for at least one hour after the speech.  3During the same time

26、60;period, the marker returned to starting levels  in the subjects who had been asked to focus on other thoughts.  4  The C-reactive protein is primarily produc

27、ed by the liver as part of  the immune system's initial inflammatory response. It rises in response  to traumas, injuries or infections in the body.  5 

28、; C-reactive protein is widely used as a clinical marker to determine  if a patient has an infection, but also if he or she may be at risk for  d

29、isease later in life.   1研究人員采集了她們的血液樣本，樣本顯示，那些被要求認(rèn)真思考演講表現(xiàn)的參與者體內(nèi)的C反應(yīng)蛋白水平要高得多。  2  在演講結(jié)束后至少一個(gè)小時(shí)，這些參與者體內(nèi)標(biāo)志著炎癥的蛋白水平依然持續(xù)上升。   3 而在此期間，那些被要求集中注意力想其他事情的參與者體內(nèi)的C反應(yīng)蛋白水平卻回到了起點(diǎn)。  4  C反應(yīng)蛋白主要由肝臟產(chǎn)生，是免疫系統(tǒng)對(duì)炎癥初步反應(yīng)的一部分。在身體遭受外傷、損

30、傷或感染時(shí)C反應(yīng)蛋白水平會(huì)相應(yīng)上升。 5   C反應(yīng)蛋白被廣泛作為確定病人是否被感染的一個(gè)臨床指標(biāo)，但也被用來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)病人日后患疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。   Passage 10 An American team has developed a highly efficient technique to carry outgene transplants in mice.The effort to develop gene transplants as a treatment for hereditary(遺傳的)diseases has

31、taken another; step forward. The latest feat in the drive towards performing a gene transplant on man wasreported by doctors Suzanne Mansour, Kirk Thomas and Mario Capecchi of theHoward Hughes Medical Institute in Salt Lake City. "It is a breakthrough, producing a new approach to doing gene the

32、rapy," saidDr.Capecchi. Eventually, scientists hope to be able to use the technique in man to replacethe defective genes responsible for diseases such as hemophilia and cystic fibrosis.B21534努力研發(fā)基因移植作為治療遺傳性 (遺傳的)疾病已經(jīng)采取另一種;向前邁進(jìn)一步。一個(gè)美國(guó)團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)了一種高效的技術(shù)來(lái)進(jìn)行小鼠基因移植。最終,科學(xué)家們希望能夠利用這種技術(shù)在人更換有引起疾病的缺陷基因,如血友病和囊性纖

33、維化。蘇珊娜?曼蘇爾醫(yī)生報(bào)告了一個(gè)基因移植的人最新的成果,柯克托馬斯和馬里奧的霍華德?休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所鹽湖城?！斑@是一個(gè)突破,一個(gè)新的方法來(lái)做基因療法,”Dr.Capecchi 說(shuō)。Passage 11 To make insurance more affordable, Congress must act to address rapidly rising health care costs. On the critical issue of health care ,our goal is to ensure that Americans canchoose and afford priva

34、te health care coverage that best fits their individual I ask you to give lower-income Americans a refundable tax credit that wouldallow millions to buy their own basic health insurance4. I urge you to pass association health plans. Small businesses should be able to band together and negotiate for

35、lowerinsurance rates, so they can cover more workers with health insurance;A21543在衛(wèi)生保健某些關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題上,我們的目標(biāo)是確保美國(guó)人可以自由選擇和負(fù)擔(dān)其起最適合他們的個(gè)人私人醫(yī)保覆蓋面使保險(xiǎn)變得更加負(fù)擔(dān)得起的,國(guó)會(huì)必須采取行動(dòng)來(lái)解決快速上漲的醫(yī)療成本。小企業(yè)應(yīng)該能夠團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái),爭(zhēng)取降低保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率,所以他們能夠覆蓋更多的工人健康保險(xiǎn);我敦促你通過(guò)協(xié)會(huì)健康計(jì)劃。我要求你們給低收入美國(guó)人一個(gè)減稅額,讓很多人購(gòu)買自己的基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)Passage 12 It is understandable for people to be p

36、anicked, but those living outside Africa shouldnt be particularly concerned about contracting the virus, says a Washington Post article. This is because transmission of Ebola requires direct contact with an infected persons blood, vomit or other bodily fluids during the period that he or she is cont

37、agious. It is something that is extremely unlikely for anyone but healthcare workers. The virus is not spread by coughing or sneezing. Media outlets in the US and the UK are using terrifying headlines, wrongly claiming that people infected with the virus have traveled to their countries.華盛頓郵報(bào)的一篇文章寫(xiě)道

38、：人們的恐慌是可以理解的，但是，身處非洲國(guó)家之外的人不必過(guò)于擔(dān)心自己會(huì)被感染。這是因?yàn)榘２├峭ㄟ^(guò)體液傳播的，只有直接接觸感染者的血液、嘔吐物或是其他體液才可能被感染，而咳嗽、打噴嚏并不會(huì)傳染。由此看來(lái)，醫(yī)務(wù)工作者才是最容易感染病毒的人。 一些美國(guó)與英國(guó)媒體卻用聳人聽(tīng)聞的標(biāo)題，誤稱有感染者進(jìn)入自己國(guó)家境內(nèi)。 Passage 13Both the food industry and its most rabid critics leverage the “Appeal to Nature” logical fallacy, or “Argumentum ad Naturam,” to their

39、 own benefit. “Many people adopt this as a default belief,” writes Bo Bennett at his site Logically Fallacious, where, logically enough, he catalogs logical fallacies. If “natural” meant anything at all, science would evaluate things based on their “naturalness.” But of course it doesnt, both becaus

40、e theres no workable definition for “natural,” and because even if “naturalness” could be measured, it wouldnt tell us anything meaningful. “There are many natural things that are better than unnatural,” Bennett writes, “but they must be evaluated based on other criteria besides the naturalness,'

41、;” He advises readers: “Keep in mind that Mother Nature is the kind of mother who wouldnt hesitate to throw you in a dumpster and leave you there to die.”        食品行業(yè)及其最為偏執(zhí)的批評(píng)者紛紛利用“訴諸于天然”這一邏輯謬論來(lái)滿足自身利益。波貝內(nèi)特（Bo Bennett）在他的網(wǎng)站“邏輯謬誤”（Logically Fallacious）中寫(xiě)道，“很多人將其

42、作為默認(rèn)的信仰”。他在這一極具邏輯性的網(wǎng)站中逐一列舉了各種邏輯謬誤。如果“天然的”真的存在，那么科學(xué)可以根據(jù)其“天然度”來(lái)進(jìn)行評(píng)估。當(dāng)然，這是不存在的，原因有兩點(diǎn)：首先，“天然”一詞沒(méi)有經(jīng)得起推敲的定義；再者，即便“天然度”可以衡量，其結(jié)果對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)也沒(méi)有什么意義。貝內(nèi)特寫(xiě)道，“有很多天然的事物要好于非天然的事物，然而在評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)，我們?cè)谑褂锰烊欢鹊耐瑫r(shí)還應(yīng)使用其他的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。”他告誡讀者們：“記住，大自然有時(shí)也會(huì)毫不猶豫地將你扔進(jìn)垃圾桶，然后讓你自生自滅?！?#160;   Passage 14(1)Mary Morgan, a nurse

43、 who lives in Parma, Ohio, was diagnosed seven years ago withemphysema, a form of COPD. Still, she continued to smoke for a few more years because thedisease &#

44、39;wasn't bothering me,' she says. (2)Two years ago, the 55-year-old came down withpneumonia and had to call 911 because she couldn't breathe. (3)She quit smoking 

45、but needed tobe on oxygen all the time. She gasped for breath often and wasn't able to speak more than afew words at a time. 'It gets to the point&

46、#160;where you are living in such misery that you justdon't want to go on,' Ms. Morgan says.(4)After completing a pulmonary rehabilitation program, Ms. Morgan was acce

47、pted into the coilstrial at the Cleveland Clinic last December. Dr. Mehta and another pulmonologist placed 12 ofthe small devices in her right lower lung. (5)She was 

48、;discharged from the hospital after just onenight and says she felt improvements almost immediately. Tests a month later showed herbreathing had improved by 30%. 瑪麗·摩根(Mary

49、60;Morgan)是住在俄亥俄州帕爾馬(Parma, Ohio)的一名護(hù)士。七年前，她被確診為肺氣腫，肺氣腫是慢性阻塞性肺疾病的一種表現(xiàn)形式。即便如此，她還是繼續(xù)抽了好幾年煙。因?yàn)樗f(shuō)這個(gè)病“當(dāng)時(shí)并沒(méi)有太困擾我”。兩年后，55歲的摩根患上了肺炎，還不得不打911急救電話，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)她已無(wú)法呼吸。雖然她已戒了煙，但是仍需要一直吸氧。她還經(jīng)常喘氣，講話時(shí)一次也說(shuō)不了幾個(gè)詞。摩根說(shuō)：“已經(jīng)病到這個(gè)地步了，如此痛苦煎熬，都不想再活下去了?！蹦Ω谕瓿闪艘淮畏慰祻?fù)治療后，于去年12月份獲準(zhǔn)在克利夫蘭診所接受線圈試驗(yàn)治療。梅塔醫(yī)生及另一位肺科專家在她的右肺下部植入了12個(gè)小線圈。她術(shù)后僅在醫(yī)院待

50、了一晚便出了院，還稱自己幾乎是馬上就感覺(jué)好多了。一個(gè)月后的測(cè)試顯示，她的呼吸狀況改善了30%。Passage 15Sitting in water during labor, sometimes called hydrotherapy, can promote relaxation, improveblood flow and reduce swelling, according to scientific 

51、;literature. Tubs - with or withoutmassaging jets - are available at many birthing centers and some hospitals. For home births,women can use a bathtub or rent a birt

52、hing tub for about $200 to $300.Typically the water is heated to body temperature, says Jenna Shaw-Battista, director of theNurse-Midwifery Education Program at the University 

53、;of California, San Francisco. The tub isfilled to cover the belly and sometimes as high as the chest, Dr. Shaw-Battista says. Clothing isoptional, she adds, and many

54、0;women wear a sports bra or a hospital gown.科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)顯示，坐在水中生產(chǎn)（有時(shí)被稱為水療分娩）能夠幫助產(chǎn)婦放松，促進(jìn)血液循環(huán)并減輕腫脹。水缸（有些帶按摩噴嘴，有些沒(méi)有）許多分娩中心都有提供，一些醫(yī)院也會(huì)提供。如果在家中生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)婦可以使用浴缸，或者租用分娩缸，費(fèi)用在200到300美元左右。加州大學(xué)舊金山分校(University of California, San Francisco)的護(hù)理和助產(chǎn)教育項(xiàng)目(Nurse-Midwife

55、ryEducation Program)主管詹娜·肖-巴蒂斯塔(Jenna Shaw-Battista)表示，水一般會(huì)加熱至體溫。肖-巴蒂斯塔博士說(shuō)，缸內(nèi)的水會(huì)沒(méi)過(guò)腹部，有時(shí)甚至?xí)R胸。她補(bǔ)充稱，穿不穿衣服可以自己選擇，許多女性會(huì)穿運(yùn)動(dòng)文胸或者醫(yī)院的病號(hào)服。Passage 16Do mammograms save lives? That's the question being asked after a major new study - one of the biggest ever - released its results. Since then

56、, doctors and others have weighed in.乳房X光檢查真的能拯救生命嗎？一些醫(yī)學(xué)研究者在問(wèn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。在此之前，美國(guó)進(jìn)行了有史以來(lái)最大的重要研究。不少醫(yī)生和科研人員正在思考這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Mammograms are often considered the most powerful weapon in the war against breast cancer, but results from one of the largest studies ever done question their value. The study involved 90,000 w

57、omen and spanned a quarter of a century.乳房X光檢查一直被認(rèn)為是同乳腺癌做斗爭(zhēng)的最有力的武器。最新的研究持續(xù)了25年，有九萬(wàn)名婦女參加。這項(xiàng)歷來(lái)最大規(guī)模的研究卻向乳房X光檢查的有效性提出了疑問(wèn)。The women were divided into two groups. The first got regular mammograms, while the second group received physical breast exams only. After 25 years, the researchers found an equal nu

58、mber of women died from breast cancer in both groups.參加研究的婦女被分成兩組。第一組進(jìn)行常規(guī)的乳房X光檢查，第二組人只做手工乳房檢查。25年后，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，兩組人中有同樣數(shù)量的人死于乳腺癌。Breast surgeons like Negar Golesorkhi said mammograms are imperfect tools in finding tumors, particularly for women with dense breasts.格雷索克希等乳房外科醫(yī)生說(shuō)，乳房X光檢查并不是發(fā)現(xiàn)癌腫的完善工具。特別是對(duì)那些乳房組

59、織密集的婦女來(lái)說(shuō)，更是如此。Passage 17February is heart health month, and a new study that provides clues to young people about keeping their hearts healthy. The study looks at high blood pressure, which can lead to heart attack or stroke. It finds that high blood pressure in people as young as 18 increases their

60、 risk for heart disease.在美國(guó)，二月是心臟健康月。美國(guó)之音記者皮爾森為我們介紹一份研究，為年輕人保持心臟健康提供了建議。這份研究特別討論了高血壓導(dǎo)致心臟病和中風(fēng)的可能性。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果18歲左右的年輕人罹患高血壓，那將增加患心臟病的危險(xiǎn)。High blood pressure increases a person's risk of heart disease, no matter when they develop it. That's why doctors monitor blood pressure so carefully.高血壓增加患者的心臟

61、病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，不管患者在哪個(gè)年齡段開(kāi)始得高血壓。這就是為什么醫(yī)生那么仔細(xì)的監(jiān)測(cè)你的血壓。A new study finds that young adults in their teens and 20's who develop high blood pressure are more at risk for heart disease by the time they reach middle age, 35 to 50 years old, than those whose blood pressure is normal.新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，十幾歲或20出頭的青年，如果患有高血壓，他們?cè)?

62、5歲到50歲的中年階段患心臟病的可能性，就會(huì)比那些年輕時(shí)血壓正常的人要大。Passage 18In the future, your doctor may prescribe you a videogame.將來(lái)醫(yī)生給你開(kāi)的藥方可能就是一款電子游戲。In a groundbreaking new study at the University of California, San Francisco, scientists found that older adults improved cognitive controls such as multitasking and the abili

63、ty to sustain attention by playing a specially designed videogame - and that the effects can be long lasting.加州大學(xué)舊金山分校(University of California, San Francisco)科學(xué)家的一項(xiàng)突破性研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過(guò)玩專門設(shè)計(jì)的電子游戲，年齡較長(zhǎng)的成年人改善了多重任務(wù)處理、維持注意力等認(rèn)知控制能力，而且這些效果可以持續(xù)很久。The study, to be published in the scientific journal Nature on Thursda

64、y, is part of a broader effort to understand whether specially designed videogames can help treat neurological disorders, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and even depression.研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在9月5日出版的科學(xué)雜志自然(Nature)上面。它和另外一些研究一樣，都是為了弄清楚專門設(shè)計(jì)的電子游戲是否有助于治療神經(jīng)障礙，比如注意力缺陷多動(dòng)癥，甚至是抑郁等。The new study 'is

65、 a powerful example of how plastic the older brain is,' said Adam Gazzaley, a director of the UCSF Neuroscience Imaging Center and a co-author of the study. Mr. Gazzaley is also the co-founder and adviser of Akili Interactive Labs, a startup focused on designing these types of videogames.論文的共同作者

66、、加州大學(xué)舊金山分校神經(jīng)科學(xué)成像中心(Neuroscience Imaging Center)主任亞當(dāng)加扎利(Adam Gazzaley)說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)新的研究“有力地證明了老年人的大腦是多么有可塑性”。加扎利也是Akili Interactive Labs共同創(chuàng)始人兼顧問(wèn)；這是一家專門設(shè)計(jì)上述類型電子游戲的初創(chuàng)公司。Passage 19COPD includes two main conditions, emphysema and chronic bronchitis, and most 

67、patientshave elements of both. Emphysema, as it advances, destroys the air sacs, or alveoli, thatexchange air between the lungs and surrounding tissue and bloodstream. Diseased portionsof the lung overinflate, become inelastic and trap air. Meanwhil