(完整版)【2019中考復(fù)習(xí)】中考介詞考點(diǎn)梳理

1、中考介詞考點(diǎn)梳理介詞是一種用來表示詞語詞之間、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞，在句中不能單獨(dú)做句子成分。 介詞分為簡單介詞和短語介詞兩種。簡單介詞即單個介詞，如 in, under, on, for, after等； 短語介詞指多個單詞構(gòu)成的介詞，如 in front of , instead of, far from等。介詞短語與短語介 詞不同。介詞短語指由“介詞+名詞/代詞等” 構(gòu)成的短語，如at school, by bus, on Sunday 等，在句中可以作定語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。有些單詞，既可以作介詞，也可以作 連詞（作連詞時(shí)，其后接句子），如after, before等；而有些單

2、詞，既可以作介詞，也可以作副 詞，如 above, below 等。介詞是中考試卷中的“?？汀保瑥臅r(shí)間上看，年年都要考；從地點(diǎn)上看，每個地區(qū)都要考。 考查介詞的主要題目有：單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文填空及句子翻譯等。一、對時(shí)間介詞的考查介詞用法例句/常用短語at 表示在某個時(shí)刻或是瞬間 用在節(jié)假日前表示“在期間”用于某些固定搭配I usually get up at half past six.Bill got a lot of presents at Christmas. at noon; at night; at midnighton表示在具體的某f或具體到某f 的早晨、上下午或晚上等I l

3、ike visiting friends on Sundays.The accident happened on a rainy evening.in用于月份、季節(jié)、年、年代、世紀(jì)等泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上“in+時(shí)間段”，表示“在之后”，常用«將來時(shí)態(tài)in January; in summer; in the 1990s in the morning / afternoon / evening She says that her mother will be back 的個小時(shí)后).during在期間during the summer holidaysbefore在 之前He w

4、ill be back before suppertime.after“ after+具體時(shí)刻”，表示“在之后”"after+時(shí)間段”不與將來時(shí)連用。after three o'clock / lunch / AugustHe will arrive(after / in) an hour.since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子，表示 “自從以來”He has taught English since 2001.I haven't seen him since he left last time.for后接時(shí)間段，表示“持續(xù)一段時(shí)間”He has lived here f

5、or eight years.till /until表示持續(xù)到某個時(shí)候notuntil思為 直到 才It may last till / until next Friday.We can't get off the bus until it stops.fromfrom to 思為 從 至UWe go to school from Monday to Friday.by 表示"在之前”、“不遲于”表示“到為止”You must be here by ten cclock tomorrow. by the end of last year / next year; by now

6、1. （2015 連云港）I was born December 17. This year I hold a birthday party for it athome.A. onB. atC. inD. by2. （2015 四川涼山）Do you know Victory Day in China?Yes, it ' s September 3rd each year. It tells the world that Chinese peoplelove peace and hate wars. Chinese people will never forget the histor

7、y.A. in; onB. on; /C. at; /D. on; in3. （2015 山東臨沂）For many Western people, they drink cold water even winter.A. onB. forC. atD. in4. （2015 甘肅武威）The charity walk begins 9:00. Donproblem.A. atB. byC. inD. on5. （2015 安徽）The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come four days.A. afterB. forC. duringD. in

8、6. （2015 范澤短文填空）After walking around some time, she came to a river.7. （2015 德州首字母填空）He has been away from home s two days ago.8. （2015 溫州句子填空）The Highland Museum is opened every day Monday.二、對地點(diǎn)、方位介詞的考查介詞圖示意義例句1in在之內(nèi)The students are reading in the classroom.學(xué)生們在教室里讀書。.2on_在上面The boat is on the rive

9、r.那條船在河上。3beneath在卜回（緊貼著表回）The sun is now beneath the horizon.太陽此刻落到地平線卜.了。.4over.在（正）上方There are several bridges over the river.河上有好幾座橋。5under在（正）卜力The boat sailed under the bridge.船在橋下行駛。6above在 上方The plane flew above the clouds.飛機(jī)在云上飛行。7below在 卜方The sun sinks below the horizon.太陽沉沒在地平線下。18by / be

10、side在旁邊Tom is sitting by / beside the window.湯姆坐在窗戶的旁邊。9nearr在附近I don't need a car becausel live near the city centre.我/、需要汽車，因?yàn)槲易≡?靠近市中心。介詞圖示意義例句10next to.緊挨My best friend sits next to me in class. 上課時(shí)我最好的朋友坐在我的旁邊。11behind在 后面Olive hid behind a tree.奧列弗藏在一棵樹后面。12outside在 外面He parked his car out

11、side the theater. 他把汽車停在劇場外面。13to.至4去We walked to the fruit shop. 我們步行到水果店。14from一從來We traveled to London from Edinburgh. 我們從愛丁堡旅行到倫敦。15(a)round*圍繞We all sat around the table.我們都圍繞著桌子坐。16between在 之間 （指二者）The letter B is between A and C. 字母B在A和C之間。17among在 之間（指三者或 三者以上）The house stands among the tree

12、s. 房子在樹叢中。18across橫過、越過（從表面跨過）If the road is busy, donwalk across it. 如果道路擁擠，就/、要橫穿馬路。T19through穿過（從內(nèi)部穿過）We drove through the tunnel. 我們開車穿過了隧道。20past / by從旁邊經(jīng)過 /路過I went past / by a bakery on my way home. 我在回家的路上經(jīng)過了一家面包店。21onto到上The men lift the baskets onto the trucks. 人們把籃子運(yùn)上卡車。/22into到里They put

13、the apples into the baskets. 他們把蘋果放進(jìn)籃子里。23out of從出來Don't look out of the window in class. 上課時(shí)/、要朝窗外看。24along沿著Walk along this street, then turn left, you can see the post office.沿著這條街走，然后向右拐，你就可以 看到郵局。at, in, on表示地點(diǎn)的用法：at表地點(diǎn)時(shí)，指空間位置上的某一點(diǎn)，后面常接小地方。如: at the bus stopin表地點(diǎn)時(shí)，指在某一立體空間范圍內(nèi)，后面接大地方。如：in sh

14、anghai；on表地點(diǎn)后，指某物與另一物表面相接觸，或與某地方接壤等。如：on the table等。in, on, to表示方位的用法：范圍之內(nèi)用in；相鄰、接壤用on；不相鄰或隔海相望 用to。【中考例題】9. （2015 江蘇泰州）I like the weather in Kunming. It' s warm all year long.Yes. And the temperature stays zero all the time.A. atB.belowC.aroundD. above10. （2015蘇州）Incold winter, the temperature

15、in Harbin oftenremains zero all day.A. aboveB.belowC.overD. under11. （2015 益陽）The bank is the bookstore and the post office.A. at the front of D. amongC. betweenD. in12. （2015 濰坊）You must be careful when you swim the lake.A. acrossB. belowC. overD. through13. （2015貴州銅仁）Excuse me, where is the bookst

16、ore?Go the bridge. You ' ll see it on your left.A. onB. crossC. acrossD. through14. （2015黑龍江綏化）Heilongjiang Province is the northeast of China.A. toB.inC.onD. at15. （2014 天津）Cambridge is a small city the east of England.A. betweenB.withC.inD. under16. （2015 南寧）Jim sits behind me, so I sit him.A.

17、 at the top ofB.at theend ofC. in the middleofD. in frontof三、對手段、方法介詞的考查介詞用法例句/常用短語byby+交通工具：“乘坐交通工具”by doing sth.： 通過某種方式He goes to school by bus every day.I learn English by listening to the radio.inin+諦言類名詞：“用某種諦言” in+工具：“用某種工具或材料”Can you say it in English?Don't write it in pencil. Write it i

18、n ink.withwith+工具：用某種工具或材料 with the help of：在的幫助下I often do my homework with a pen. With the help of him, I won the match.on通過某個設(shè)備He listens to music on the radio.【中考例題】17. （2015江蘇鎮(zhèn)江）Ma Yun, the Chairperson of Alibaba Group, has made much money the Internet.A. throughB. alongC. acrossD. towards18. （

19、2014 上海）More and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work underground.A. inB. withC. byD. for19. （2014 成者 B） Gina, what's this English?A. byB. forC. inD. with20. （2014 萊蕪）We can save money cooking our own meals instead of eating outside.A. byB. toC. forD. with四、對其他常用介詞的考查介詞用法例句/常用短語about大約“關(guān)

20、于”，只表示“和有關(guān)”There are about 60 pupils in my class.I want to tell you a story about animals.on“關(guān)于”，多表示內(nèi)容具有專門性， 是嚴(yán)肅的和學(xué)術(shù)性的It s a book on animals.這世一本論及動物的書。（學(xué)術(shù)專著）like“像一樣”He talked to me like his father.as“作為；以的身份”，后跟表示 職業(yè)、職務(wù)的名詞As a volunteer, I must try my best to help you with your problems.except“除之外

21、”，指從整體中除去一部分We are all here except Li Ming.（李明/、在這兒）besides“除之外還有（包括在內(nèi)）”We are all here besides Li Ming.（李明在這兒）with表示伴隨，意為“和I went to plant trees with my friends.without表示“沒有”，常作狀語He left without saying a word.for表示目的，意為“為了”表示原因、理由He came here for a cup of tea. Sanya is famous for Tianya Haijiao”.to

22、wards“朝方向”A dog is running towards me.off“離開，脫離”Keep off the grass.勿踏草地。against靠著；反對He is sleeping soundly against a tree.instead of“代替”I went swimming instead of watching TV.because of“因?yàn)椤?，表示原因I didn't go out because of the bad weather.【中考例題】21. （2015 福州）Do you remember what she looked like whe

23、n you first met her? Of course. She was tall and thin long hair.A. inB. withC. onD. for22. （2015 龍巖）Jack had to stop working though it was his own wishes.A. onB. forC. againstD. by23. （2015 河南）Wild animals are our friends. We shouldHt kill them food or clothing.A. inB. withC. aboutD. for24. （2015 連云

24、港）It is great us to get so many favourite books on InternationalChildren s Book Day.A. toB. withC. ofD. for25. （2015涼山完形填空）He looked at me and,a word, smiled.A. inB. withC. withoutD. for26. （2014四JI省內(nèi)江市）All of us went to the park Bob. He had to look after his sister.五、對介詞短語的考查搭配情況介詞固定搭配atat night /

25、noon; at once; at first / last; at home / school / work與afterafter school / class; after breakfast / lunch / supper; after all名byby the way; by the lake / river; by now; by chance / accident詞inin class; in time; in town; in the future; in fact; in a car / taxi的onon time; on duty; on business; on foo

26、t; on a train / ship / plane搭forfor example; for a while; for sure; for fun; the idea / technology for酉己tothe answer to - / the way to / the key to withhave problem / trouble / difficulty / fun with / make friends withaboutworry about; talk about; think about; learn / know about與atlook at; laugh at;

27、 shout at; point at; knock at; arrive at; call at swh.動forlook for; ask for; wait for; stand for; leave for; send for sb.詞fromhear from sb.; learn from sb.; come from; be made from的ondepend on; get on; call on sb.;( put on; try on; turn on)搭offget off; fall off; show off; (take off; see sb. off酉己tob

28、elong to; listen to; get to; write to; help oneself to; say hello / hi to withbegin with; talk / chat with sb.; agree with sb.; get on / along with sb.aboutbe sure about; be sorry about與atbe mad at; be good / bad at; be surprised at; be talented at形ofbe afraid / scared of; be sure / proud / fond / j

29、ealous / full of容詞withbe busy / strict / angry / popular / satisfied / covered / filled withinbe interested in; be different in size; be strict in sth.的搭forbe famous for; be late for; be ready for; be good / bad for酉己tobe polite / rude / cruel to sb.; be good / friendly / kind / bad to sb.frombe awa

30、y from; be different from; be - away from【中考例題】27. (2015 濱州)My mother says my friend is similar me, but I think she is differentme.A. as; fromB. to; fromC. to; toD. as; to28. (2015 鹽城)This photo reminded the old man the days when he was young.A. withB. forC. byD. of29. (2015 武威)They hope it can prot

31、ect them terrible air.A. inB.fromC.forD.at30. (2015廣州)When the king saw that she as playing his old harp, he was filled joy.A. inB.ofC.byD.with31. (2014 山西)This kind ofdressis this year, and I really want to get oneA. in dangerB.in troubleC. in styleD.in time32. (2014四JI) Mr. Yang ' s daughter i

32、s pretty good drawing pictures and won many prizes.A. withB.forC.inD.at33. (2014 天津)Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo won the gold medal for China so we' reoroud them. A. inB. onC. ofD. for34. (2015廣安完形填空)I learn my teacher and my classmates at the corner.A. toB. atC. forD. from35. (2015 煙臺)Compared some

33、 unhappy people, those who are always pleasedandrelaxed are less likely to suffer colds. A. atB. withC. inD. of附：介詞的省略省略情況示例表示時(shí)間的短語中介詞 的省略。(in) this morning / afternoon / evening;(on) the next day;(in) next week / month / year; (in) last night / week / year;(on) the day before yesterday(in) the year

34、 before last;(on) tomorrow morning; (on) every / some / one / all day 在白立句中表小段時(shí) 間的for?？墒÷浴 have been waiting for you (for) a whole afternoon. He has studied English(for) five years.在“of+大小、形狀、年 齡”等結(jié)構(gòu)中，of常省 略。When I was (of) your age, I knew much less than you.The desks in our class are (of) the sam

35、e colour, material, shape, height and length.在 here, there, home 等 副詞前。come (to) here; go (to) there; go (to) home某些習(xí)語中的省略。be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事(in) this / that way以這種/那種方法stop / prevent sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做杲事 spend -(in) doing sth.在做某事上花費(fèi) have trouble (in) doing sth.在做杲事中遇到麻煩 help sb. (

36、to) do sth.幫助某人做某事近年河北省中考介詞真題1. （2015） This food is free. You don t have to it.A. look forB. pay forC. ask forD. wait for2. （2014） You see, Kevin is writing his left hand.A. atB. asC. forD. with3. （2013） age 7, Bruce won second prize in the piano competition.A. InB. AtC. OnD. For4. （2012） We can be thankful every day, not just Thanksgiving Day.A. inB. onC. toD. by5. （2011） This school is different others. It has many out-of-class activities.A. offB. fromC. ofD. for6. （2015邯鄲一模） Jessica took part in the English competition _ the morning of April tenth.A. in