英語四級(jí)聽力解題技巧

1、大學(xué)英語新四級(jí)考試綜合訓(xùn)練第一節(jié) 聽力理解講解與練習(xí)短對(duì)話題解一、聽力考試注意事項(xiàng)4.句法結(jié)構(gòu)5.預(yù)讀9.放松與放棄1.熟悉出題形式2.語音語調(diào)3.詞匯6.背景知識(shí)7.語境意識(shí)8.記憶能力二、 短對(duì)話的特點(diǎn)1. 對(duì)話是一男一女的形式，每人說一句，然后提問；卷面只有選項(xiàng)。2. 是美式英語發(fā)英和英式英語發(fā)音的混合對(duì)話。3. 涉及到的專題非常廣泛。4. 重視語言運(yùn)用，多采用主觀題形式。三、好好把握播音之前的時(shí)間聽力考試正式開始之前有一段播放指令的時(shí)間，考生應(yīng)該利用好這段時(shí)間做一些準(zhǔn)備工作。一般要掌握三個(gè)原則：1. 兩步原則2. 主配角原則3. 關(guān)鍵詞原則(一)兩步原則第一步閱讀選項(xiàng)第二步根據(jù)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行

2、預(yù)測(cè)可能會(huì)考到的專題請(qǐng)看下列選項(xiàng)：A) Teacher and studentB) Doctor and patientC) Employer and employee D) Husband and wife顯而易見，此題關(guān)于人物關(guān)系的問題(二)主配角原則可把一道對(duì)話聽力題當(dāng)作一部即將上演的廣播劇，有男女兩個(gè)角色，當(dāng)看到選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)人稱代詞時(shí)，要分清誰是主角，誰是配角。A) She will go to the concert.B) She will not go to the concert.C) She will stay at home.D) She will go to visit h

3、er friends.根據(jù)選項(xiàng), 可知主角是she, 重點(diǎn)聽女聲。(三)關(guān)鍵詞原則所謂關(guān)鍵詞，是在選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)頻率高的詞。A) She paid $40.00 for the coat.B) Her husband presented it to her as a gift.C) She bought the coat on her fortieth birthday.D) Her friend sent it to her as a gift.從選項(xiàng)看，coat， gift 是關(guān)鍵。四、專題突破(一)地點(diǎn)、方向類短對(duì)話做題關(guān)鍵：聽前早預(yù)測(cè)、聽時(shí)抓關(guān)鍵、聽后早判斷。1. 聽前早預(yù)測(cè)給出的選擇項(xiàng)

4、的語言結(jié)構(gòu)如果是：地點(diǎn)介詞 (in, at, on)+名詞，那么基本可以判定該題 目是屬于地點(diǎn)類的對(duì)話。這類題目主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)對(duì)話發(fā)生地點(diǎn)及人物去向的判斷。2. 聽時(shí)抓關(guān)鍵預(yù)測(cè)出問題后，在聽對(duì)話是要有的放矢的抓關(guān)鍵，尤其是那些與選項(xiàng)中所表明的地點(diǎn)有關(guān)聯(lián)的信號(hào)詞。453. 聽后早判斷根據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)和關(guān)鍵詞，應(yīng)在十秒鐘之內(nèi)做出判斷，然后集中注意力準(zhǔn)備下一個(gè)問題的預(yù)測(cè)。真題練習(xí)：1. A) At a theatre.C) At a railway station.2. A) At a bookstore.C) At an art gallery.3. A) At a newsstand.C) At a p

5、ublishing house.B) At a booking office.D) At a restaurant.B) In a workshop.D) In a department store.B) At a car dealer's.D)At a newspaper office.4. A) At a publishing house.C) In a reading room.B) At a bookstore.D) In Prof. Jordan ' s office(二)數(shù)字、時(shí)間類短對(duì)話做題關(guān)鍵：眼盯選項(xiàng)，耳聽對(duì)話：邊聽邊看選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行思維和判斷及時(shí)標(biāo)記，快速運(yùn)算：聽

6、到問題之前在選項(xiàng)旁或空白處做一些與之相關(guān)聯(lián)的 信息記錄，以做到聽到問題后有的放矢為了盡快適應(yīng)考試方式，可就數(shù)字和時(shí)間的表達(dá)進(jìn)行突擊訓(xùn)練。注意區(qū)分相近發(fā)音，如-teen和-ty;多位數(shù)整數(shù)的表達(dá)；分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)；序數(shù)詞的表達(dá)；時(shí)間的表達(dá)。例如：時(shí)間的表達(dá):3:15 讀作 a quarter past three或 three fifteen; 00:30 讀作 half past midnight ;年月日的表達(dá)：如 Feb. 4th, 2000，讀作 Febrary the fourth, two thousand ;電話號(hào)碼的表達(dá)：如：415509 讀作 four one double five

7、 zero nine ;價(jià)格的表達(dá)：如 $49.99 讀作 forty-nine dollars, ninety-nine cents ;航班號(hào)的表達(dá):如 Flight 708 讀作 Flight seven o eight;數(shù)字代用詞的表達(dá) ：如 a dozen, score, monthly, daily, weekly, decade, century, millennium 等。真題練習(xí)：1. A) 5:00B) 5:152. A) $ 1.40B) $ 4.303. A) 5:15B) 5:10(三)人物、身份類短對(duì)話做題關(guān)鍵：抓住關(guān)鍵詞，辨別身份 和掌握有關(guān)職業(yè)身份的常用詞匯和短語

8、。真題練習(xí)：1. A) RelativesB) Roommates2. A) A shop assistant.C) A waitress.3. A) A railway porter.C) A taxi driver.4. A) They are twins.C) They are friends.C) 5:30D) 5:45C) $ 6.40D) $ 8.60C) 4:30D) 5:00;根據(jù)語氣，猜想關(guān)系：抓住關(guān)鍵，及時(shí)修正；熟悉C) Colleagues D) NeighborsB) A telephone operator.D) A clerk.B) A bus conductor.

9、D) A postal clerk.B) They are classmates.D) They are colleagues.B) A teacher and his student.D) A librarian and a student.5. A) A math teacher and his colleague.C) A student and his classmate.（四）否定、轉(zhuǎn)折、比較類短對(duì)話這類題的共同之處是都有比較固定的專用詞語和句法結(jié)構(gòu)。1 .否定否定類對(duì)話要求考生對(duì)內(nèi)容的肯定和否定加以判斷。常見的否定類型有以下幾種：包含有否定詞：常見的否定詞有no, no one,

10、none, nobody, nothing, never, neither, nor,hardly, rarely, little, seldom, few 等。包含有否定意義白詞和詞組：without, instead of, avoid, hate, deny, fail, refuse, ignore,dislike, overlook, miss, far from, short of, tooto, anythingobut, rather than常用的否定結(jié)構(gòu)有否定副詞：never, little, rarely等開頭的倒裝句，以及雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)如not uncommon , no

11、 one can deny 等。2 .轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折類對(duì)話考查對(duì)說話人的側(cè)重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行辨別的能力。表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞有but, or, otherwise,however, anyhow 等。在聽力測(cè)試中，連詞 but最為常見，出現(xiàn)率很高。在這樣的句子中，but后傳遞出來的信息往往受到弓II調(diào)，因此 but后面的句子也成為解題的關(guān)鍵。與 but相反，or只是對(duì)前面的 分句進(jìn)行解釋或補(bǔ)充，說話人的重點(diǎn)仍在前一分句上。3 .比較比較類對(duì)話要求考生在兩種或兩種以上的比較中的出結(jié)論。做題時(shí)，1要抓住信息中心的比較對(duì)象2 要捕捉比較詞，如 same, like, as as ，alike, different, dif

12、ferent from, not the same3要掌握同義詞，反義詞的替換，如 preferto Tike more than I- can ' t agree mo=eI completely agree真題練習(xí)：B) Swimming.D) Boating and skating.1. A) Skating.C) Boating and swimming.2. A) Put her report on his desk.B) Read some papers he recommended.C) Improve some parts of her paper.D) Mail he

13、r report to the publisher.3. A) Most people killed in traffic accidents are heavy drinkers.B) She does not agree with the man.C) Drunk drivers are not guilty.D) People should pay more attention to the danger of drunk driving.4. A)The man wants to attend tomorrow's show.B) There aren't any ti

14、ckets left for tonight's show.C) There aren't any tickets left for tomorrow's show.D)The man doesn't want to attend tomorrow's show.5. A) It was a long lecture, but easy to understand.B) It was not as easy as she had thought.C) It was as difficult as she had expected.D) It was in

15、teresting and easy to follow.B) Give a performance.D) Dance to the music.6. A) Take a walk.C) Listen to the music.7. A） Tony could not continue the experiment.B） Tony finished the experiment last night.C） Tony thought the experiment was well done.D） Tony had expected the experiment to be easier.8. A

16、） He wishes to have more courses like it.B） He finds it hard to follow the teacher.C） He wishes the teacher would talk more.D） He doesn't like the teacher's accent.（五） 明辨觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度、行為方式、請(qǐng)求建議類短對(duì)話1 觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度間接表達(dá)式：不明說贊成或反對(duì)。反問否定式：常委婉的表示質(zhì)疑或反對(duì)。委婉謝絕式：先表示肯定、贊成、謝意等，隨后說出真實(shí)看法?？此品穸▽?shí)為肯定式： 如： why not, I can ' t

17、 agree any mOre2行為方式注意捕捉關(guān)鍵詞，對(duì)行為的執(zhí)行者、承受者、 執(zhí)行的方式等特別留意，然后做出正確的判斷。3請(qǐng)求建議熟練掌握口語中關(guān)于請(qǐng)求與建議的習(xí)慣用法。（ 1）請(qǐng)求建議的習(xí)慣用法表示請(qǐng)求的常用句式有：Will / Would / Can / Could you?Would you mind ?How about ?I wonder if ?2 2） 表示提議的常用句式有：Shall we ?Why not ?Why don' t you / we ?Perhaps we should You' d better What /How about （ 3）表示

18、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的疑難結(jié)構(gòu)和句型Don t you think John and Jim are telling the truth?難道你認(rèn)為約翰和吉姆沒有說真話嗎？Would it be better to buy a monthly meal ticket or pay for each meal separately?買月餐票是不是比每餐零付要好些？Generally speaking, it was quite good, but I think the man who played the boss was too dramatic to be realistic.總體來說很好，但我認(rèn)為扮

19、演老板的人過分戲劇化了而顯得不真實(shí)。I more than agreed to what you proposed. 我完全同意你的提議。I wouldn t if I were inouyr shoes.如果我在你的處境下，我就不會(huì)那樣做。（ 4）表示行為方式的疑難結(jié)構(gòu)和句型I d love to （have barbecue）, but I m on a diet.我很想（吃燒烤），但我正在節(jié)食。Well, I meant to see it, but a friend of mine dropped in.噢，我本拉打算看的，結(jié)果來了一位朋友。Thank you for your adv

20、ice. But my bike has got a flat tire.謝謝你的提議，但是我的自行車沒氣了。I d rather take a walk than stay at home alone.我寧可出去散步也不愿獨(dú)自呆在家里。That s fine with me. Anything I should bring along? 那對(duì)我來說再好不過了，需要我?guī)裁磫?？Thank you, I prefer doing things on my own.謝謝,我喜歡獨(dú)立完成。（ 5）表示請(qǐng)求建議的疑難結(jié)構(gòu)和句型A: Would you mind stopping off at the

21、laundry on the way?B: Of course not.I wonder if you could spare me a few minutes.Why bother him? I ll show you how easy it is to work the machine.Would you like me to pick you up on my way?I m afraid you have to revise some parts of it.How about our sharing a flat?真題練習(xí):1. A) She plans to go to gradu

22、ate school.B) She will drop out of school.C) She will stop working and concentrate on her studies.D) She will take a part-time job.2. A) Put her report on his desk.B) Read some papers he recommended.C) Improve some parts of her paper.D) Mail her report to the publisher.3. A) The man can stay in her

23、brother s apartment.B) Her brother can help the man find a cheaper hotel.C) Her brother can find an apartment for the man.D)The man should have booked a less expensive hotel.4. A) It can help solve complex problems.B) It will most likely prove ineffective.C) It is a new weapon against terrorists.D)

24、It will help detect all kinds of liars.5. A) The woman rejected the man's apology.B) The woman appreciated the man's offer.C) The man had forgotten the whole thing.D) The man had hurt the woman's feelings.(六)識(shí)別因果、條件、推斷歸納類短對(duì)話:這三種類型的短對(duì)話中，前兩種類型語法性較強(qiáng)，般都有較明顯的關(guān)系詞匯；后種類型綜合性較強(qiáng)，要求考生具有較高的語言實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力和綜

25、合判斷能力。應(yīng)對(duì)這幾類對(duì)話的策略是在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中加強(qiáng)分析能力和語言實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力的培養(yǎng)。1 因果關(guān)系表原因的常見詞: because, for ,since, now that, because of, due to, owing to, on account of,that is why, cause, give rise to, lead to 等。 表結(jié)果的常見詞有so, so that, in order that,therefore, as a result of, such that 等。2條件關(guān)系這類考題要求考生正確分析真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句（虛擬語氣）。常見的虛擬句型有：if,

26、 unless, suppose, in case, as long as, provided 等弓 I導(dǎo)從句，如： If only ；1 wish I had I wish I could , If -I- were you, I would3推斷歸納四級(jí)考試要求，考生不僅要能辨別話語中的細(xì)節(jié)和事實(shí)，還要能在聽懂對(duì)話內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)對(duì)話的內(nèi)涵、關(guān)鍵詞、上下文語氣等，對(duì)信息做出綜合判斷，歸納出說話主題；利用邏輯推理，判斷理會(huì)說話人的意向、態(tài)度、對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間以及事件發(fā)生的原因等真實(shí)意圖，針對(duì)所提的問題對(duì)信息進(jìn)行篩選處理，從而推斷出合乎情理的結(jié)論。真題練習(xí):B) She wants to

27、 save money.D) Her office isn't very far.1. A) She takes it as a kind of exercise.C) She loves doing anything that is new.2. A) The size of the room.C) The hot weather.B) Long working hours.D) The fan in the room.3. A) The man is planning a trip to Austin.B) The man has not been to Austin before

28、.C) The man doesn't like Austin.D) The man has been to Austin before.4. A) Henry doesn't like the color.B) Someone else painted the house.C) There was no ladder in the house.D) Henry painted the house himself.5. A) She thought there were no tickets left for the show.B) She thought the seats

29、on the left side were fully occupied.C) The show was planned a long time ago.D) The audience were deeply impressed by the show.（七） 包含短語的短對(duì)話在四級(jí)考試的短對(duì)話當(dāng)中，經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一類題。要的詞組，這些詞組會(huì)影響考生對(duì)答案的選擇。例如：這類題的考點(diǎn)在于對(duì)話中會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些重真題練習(xí):1. A) To the school.C) To the post office2. A) To the bank.C) To a shoe store.B) To a friend&#

30、39;s houseD) Home.B) To bookstore.D) To the grocer's.About “ pick up ”在前面兩題的例子里面，pick up 有不同的含義。有不同的意思，要依情況判定它的含義。例如：1 .撿起Tom picked up the wallet and opened it.2 .學(xué)習(xí)、學(xué)得How can Mary play guitar so well?Because Mary picks up guitar by herself.He studied hard and picked up French.3 .開車接某人I want to

31、 pick up my children from school.4 .順便買What do you want me to get for you? I'm leaving now.Pick up a bottle of milk and a loaf of bread please.Pick up some beverages on the way home.5 .索取、認(rèn)領(lǐng)Why did Margaret call yesterday?She wanted to pick up some magazines she lent me.6 .收拾、整理Pick up 的意思很多，在不同

32、的句子中Hi, Tom. I haven't seen you for a long time. Why are you so busy today?Because my parents are going to visit me next week.So I have to pick up my room before they come.7.付款、買單pick up the taxi8 .不幸染病Where has Mary been? I haven't seen her for a week.I'm sorry to tell you that she pick

33、ed up a cold in the office.9 .繼續(xù)做某事Let's pick up the discussion after lunch.四級(jí)考試中詞組考題的比重也較大，熟悉和掌握詞組的意思和用法是這類題的解題關(guān)這樣才能在考試的時(shí)候比較鍵。這要求同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)中有意識(shí)的去積累和記憶， 容易地聽出它們，并選出正確的答案。真題練習(xí):1. A) The woman is watching an exciting film with the manB) The woman can t take a photo of the man.C) The woman is runni

34、ng toward the lake.D) The woman is filming the lake.2. A) The man is inviting the woman to dinner.B) The price is high in the restaurant.C) The restaurant serves good food.D) The restaurant is too far from their school.3. A) The man is inviting the woman to dinner.B) The woman is too busy to join th

35、e man for dinner.C) The woman is a friend of the Stevensons .D)The man is going to visit the Stevensons.4. A) The man is thinking about taking a new job.B) The man likes a job that enables him to travel.C) The man is sure that he will gain more by taking the job.D) The man doesn t want to stay home

36、and take care of their child.5. A) He must hand in a report about the museum.B) He has already visited the museum.C) He has to read a history book.D) He is too busy to go with her.長對(duì)話題解題型分析聽力長對(duì)話(Long Conversations)的長度一般在 6-20句之間，字?jǐn)?shù)在 120-250字之間。針對(duì)每篇長對(duì)話的問題可能會(huì)有2-5 個(gè)。與短對(duì)話相比，長對(duì)話涉及的內(nèi)容更深入，人物態(tài)度，語氣，情感變化更復(fù)雜，一

37、般不能簡單依賴某個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞來判斷整篇對(duì)話的含義。一人一句的短對(duì)話涉及的只是一個(gè)“點(diǎn)”，而長對(duì)話涉及的是一個(gè)“面”。短對(duì)話的答案一般是“顯而易見”的，而長對(duì)話有時(shí)更依賴于推測(cè)和判斷。盡管如此，長對(duì)話必然有一個(gè)中心議題，中心議題正是該“面”的凝聚點(diǎn)，對(duì)話雙方都是圍繞該中心而展開話題，對(duì)于長對(duì)話而言，做出正確選擇的關(guān)鍵就是把握住對(duì)話的中心議題。由于對(duì)話較多，長對(duì)話的場(chǎng)景就顯得格外重要，準(zhǔn)確判斷對(duì)話的場(chǎng)景(situation) ，對(duì)把握對(duì)話的中心思想是非常有幫助的。這里所談到的場(chǎng)景，是指人物，身份或職業(yè)，議論的問題，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)等綜合概念。清晰的場(chǎng)景會(huì)在考生頭腦中形成氛圍，容易把握對(duì)話的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，使對(duì)話情

38、節(jié)的發(fā)展更加順理成章。對(duì)長對(duì)話的題型分析，可采取諸如： “關(guān)鍵詞，因果關(guān)系， But 轉(zhuǎn)折，情感，態(tài)度”等分類方法。依據(jù)場(chǎng)景的不同，對(duì)長對(duì)話進(jìn)行分類，有助于考生對(duì)“面的把握能力的提高。下面是對(duì)長對(duì)話經(jīng)常涉及到的幾種情況做了歸類，主要分成三大類：學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)類，生活相關(guān)類和工作相關(guān)類。顧名思義，學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)類與學(xué)習(xí)有密切聯(lián)系，比如：選課，考試，論文等；生活相關(guān)類主要涉及到家庭，校院生活，娛樂，運(yùn)動(dòng)等；生活相關(guān)類多是找工作，面試等題材。下面列舉幾個(gè)典型場(chǎng)景的題型。學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)類學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)類往往是長對(duì)話的重點(diǎn)。內(nèi)容粗略可分為教務(wù)場(chǎng)景，選課場(chǎng)景，補(bǔ)課場(chǎng)景和論文場(chǎng)景等。（ 1）教務(wù)場(chǎng)景場(chǎng)景人物：由教師（導(dǎo)師）或?qū)W監(jiān)等

39、教務(wù)人員向?qū)W生說明一些學(xué)校課程的安排情況。場(chǎng)景涉及內(nèi)容：學(xué)期計(jì)劃，調(diào)課信息，考試安排，課程介紹等。解題思路：教務(wù)人員總是細(xì)致地描述各項(xiàng)事務(wù)的細(xì)節(jié)問題，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)， 計(jì)劃推遲或變更的原因往往是考查的重點(diǎn)。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的問題和答案Q: Who is the speaker?A: teacher, professor, instructor, advisorQ: When does the talk take place?A: at the beginning（in the middle, at the end of the semester）Q: Where does the talk take pl

40、ace?A: classroom, lecture hallQ: What is the topic?A: changes in the schedule, the schedule of this semester, exam schedule, information about on course常用的詞匯和詞組：midterm, finals, count for 50% of your score, class discussion, seminar,workshop（講習(xí)班），take attendance（點(diǎn)名）,elementary, intermediate, advance

41、d 等。（ 2）選課場(chǎng)景場(chǎng)景人物：師生之間或?qū)W生之間談?wù)撨x課的話題場(chǎng)景涉及的內(nèi)容：學(xué)生是否有資格選某一門課，對(duì)于老師的談?wù)摚n程的難易程度，選某一門課的好處和壞處。解題思路：學(xué)生覺得課程太難，負(fù)荷太重。常用的詞匯和詞組：required, compulsory, elective, selective, optional, course, description,catalog, bulletin, prerequisite course（ 預(yù)修課程）, preliminary course（ 預(yù)備課程）, such a heavy load,excellent reputation, dro

42、p a course（ 退修課程）等。（ 3）補(bǔ)課場(chǎng)景場(chǎng)景人物：同學(xué)之間補(bǔ)課。場(chǎng)景涉及的內(nèi)容：通常是某學(xué)生因?yàn)槟承┰蜻t到或曠課了，事后找另一個(gè)同學(xué)補(bǔ)課，所以必會(huì)牽扯到專業(yè)內(nèi)容。解題思路：遲到或曠課的學(xué)生大多是男生，幫他補(bǔ)課的一般是女生。男生在補(bǔ)課過程中常會(huì)問一些問題，而女生將一一給與澄清。結(jié)尾處，男生一般會(huì)感嘆不上這堂課很遺憾。經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的問題和答案：Q: Why was the man late for class? （Why did the man ask the woman about the lecture?）A: He overslept （was sick, had some tr

43、ouble with his car, had to go to see the doctor, dentist, had an emergency）Q: What confused the man?A: English pronouns.Q: What does the man promise to do at last?A: He will not be late again （oversleep again）常用的詞匯和詞組：fill sb. in （ 暫代某人）, You ve really lost me there（ 你真的讓我糊涂了）,make sense, miss a pre

44、tty important class, clarify the misunderstanding, check the notes 等。（ 4）論文場(chǎng)景場(chǎng)景人物：教授與學(xué)生，或者學(xué)生之間進(jìn)行討論。場(chǎng)景涉及的內(nèi)容：討論論文寫作的相關(guān)事宜，比如：論文題目，查找資料等等。解題思路：論文的題目難以確定，資料太難找（題目太偏，查不到資料；題目太大，要查的資料太多，太雜）。常用的詞匯和詞組：explore the topic, published resources, bibliography/reference, intellectualdishonesty, plagiarism（ 剽竊 ）, ge

45、t an early start, gather materials 等。生活相關(guān)類包括體育場(chǎng)景，娛樂場(chǎng)景，租房場(chǎng)景等。（ 1）體育場(chǎng)景場(chǎng)景人物：同學(xué)，朋友或家庭成員一起出去郊游。場(chǎng)景涉及的內(nèi)容：往往是一些熱門的運(yùn)動(dòng)，如cycling, rock climbing, skiing.解題思路：目的不在于比賽，而是好玩，健身，交友。一些運(yùn)動(dòng)，如cycling,往往是以team, club 或 association 的形式存在的。常用的詞匯和詞組：ski, boots, pole, outdoors, get in great shape, ensure the safety, first aid

46、（ 急救 ）, check the trails, physical education, belts, patience, mental discipline, expert riders, starting line, relay station 等。（ 2）娛樂場(chǎng)景場(chǎng)景人物：同學(xué)，朋友或家庭成員。場(chǎng)景涉及的內(nèi)容：包括郊游，參加運(yùn)動(dòng)，聽音樂會(huì)，談?wù)撏娴挠?jì)劃等。解題思路：一般說到娛樂，常見的項(xiàng)目有g(shù)o on a picnic, hiking trip, camping trip, go to aconcert, see a movie, play the ball, ski, traveli

47、ng 等。常見的詞匯和詞組：enjoy, good day, take a break, relax, reserve a court（ 預(yù)定一個(gè)球場(chǎng)）, anight-out, take your mind off your test, fair weather 等。（ 3）租房場(chǎng)景場(chǎng)景人物：房東，住戶場(chǎng)景涉及的內(nèi)容：和房東的相處甚至討價(jià)還價(jià)。對(duì)房子的評(píng)價(jià)，包括價(jià)格，地理位置，也常常涉及到租房子的過程。解題思路：學(xué)生一般傾向于找價(jià)格低的房子，所以房子的條件一般比較差，而且由于房子緊張，找房子，租房子的過程往往很不容易。常用的詞匯和詞組：roommate, dormitory, deposit

48、, live on, off campus, utilities, heating costs,temporary accommodation, landlord, apartment, sublet, dishwasher, messy, a leaky faucet（ 漏水的 水龍頭 ）, tenant, afford 等。工作相關(guān)類（ 1）應(yīng)聘（面試）場(chǎng)景常景人物：聘方人員和應(yīng)聘者。場(chǎng)景涉及的內(nèi)容：對(duì)于某種工作的態(tài)度和評(píng)價(jià)，應(yīng)聘該工作的條件，如何辦理相關(guān)手續(xù)，工資待遇和工作環(huán)境，工作時(shí)間等。解題思路：應(yīng)聘者介紹自己的情況，如：教育背景，特長等，聘方人員一般要介紹工作的性質(zhì)，工資待遇以及上

49、下班時(shí)間。常用的詞匯和詞組：teaching assistant, research assistant, lab assistant, administrative assistant,waiter, waitress, nanny/babysitter, dishwashing, formalities, application procedure, reference, salary, wage, demand physical endurance, precareer training（ 崗前培訓(xùn)）, permanent employment,stipend, bonus, part-

50、time job 等。應(yīng)試技巧概括地說，要聽好長對(duì)話，必須做到以下五點(diǎn)：（ 1）通過預(yù)讀選項(xiàng)信息，迅速把握它們之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，從而預(yù)測(cè)所聽對(duì)話材料的基本內(nèi)容，并且從各個(gè)問題間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系提煉出對(duì)話的中心思想，更好地理解各檢測(cè)點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)。下面兩點(diǎn)值得特別關(guān)注：a.注意重復(fù)的詞語，這些詞通常會(huì)給你一些線索，還會(huì)幫助你回憶在材料中聽過的詞；b.注意各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的不同點(diǎn)，注意一些不同的名稱，地點(diǎn)及不同的動(dòng)詞，這些不同之處將會(huì)幫你確定這道題中哪些是你要聽的關(guān)鍵。（ 2）排除具有明顯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)。及時(shí)排除具有明顯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)將有助于你提高正確率。（ 3）把握做題的節(jié)奏。做題的節(jié)奏在聽力中比在其他部分要重要得多，每一項(xiàng)

51、提問的時(shí)間間隔都是相同的，這就暗示著答題的節(jié)奏。應(yīng)該做到答題的節(jié)奏與提問的節(jié)奏相一致，否則一旦答題的節(jié)奏落后了，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)手忙腳亂的情況，出錯(cuò)的幾率也會(huì)大大增加。（ 4）提高短期記憶能力，學(xué)會(huì)腦筆同記，邊聽邊記等一系列適合自己的記憶方法。（ 5）熟悉各種固定的提問形式，根據(jù)對(duì)話的發(fā)展預(yù)測(cè)可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)的問題。試點(diǎn)考試樣題Long conversation 119） A. The benefits of strong business competition.B. A proposal to lower the cost of production.C. Complains about the exp

52、ense of modernization.D. Suggestions concerning new business strategies.20） A. It cost much more than its worth.B. It should be brought up-to-date.C. It calls for immediate repairs.D. It can still be used for a long time.21） A. The personnel manager should be fired for inefficiency.B. A few engineer

53、s should be employed to modernize the factory.C. The entire staff should be retained.D. Better-educated employees should be promoted.22） A. Their competitors have long been advertising on TV .B. TV commercials are less expensive.C. Advertising in newspapers alone is not sufficiency.D. TV commercials

54、 attract more investments.Long conversation 223) A. Searching for reference material.B. Watch a film of the 1930s .C. Writing a course book.D. Looking for a job in a movie studio.24) A. It s too broad to cope with.B. It s controversial.C. Its a bit outdated.D. It s of little practical value.25) A. A

55、t the end of the outline catalogue.B. At the reference desk.C. In the New York Times.D. In the Reader s Guide to Periodical Literature聽力短文題解Passage構(gòu)成： 一般由三篇小短文組成，每篇短文后有三到四個(gè)問題，總共有十個(gè)題目。短文只讀一遍，要求考生聽完后就問題做出選擇。文章特點(diǎn)：信息量大，題材廣泛，句子比對(duì)話部分更長、更復(fù)雜。文章體裁：記敘文、議論文、說明文文章題材：人物故事（幽默故事或軼聞趣事、常人生活經(jīng)歷、歷史人物故事、一般知識(shí)性說明（科普知識(shí)、英語國

56、家背景知識(shí)、對(duì)某一事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行的說明或解釋）、社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問題（對(duì)某一社會(huì)問題進(jìn)行揭示、分析和研究，樹立作者自己的觀點(diǎn)或批駁他人的觀點(diǎn)）。考察內(nèi)容：測(cè)試考生在語篇水平上的理解能力；對(duì)考生的概念理解、信息組織和重點(diǎn)記憶等能力有較高的要求。考試題型：比例較大的客觀題型（對(duì)文中的事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)以wh-question 和 how-question 進(jìn)行明示性提示）和比例較小的主觀題型（總結(jié)全文中心大意或?qū)ξ恼录白髡叩膽B(tài)度做出合理推斷） 。解題要領(lǐng)：先看選項(xiàng)，預(yù)測(cè)內(nèi)容及問題。 選項(xiàng)，預(yù)測(cè)內(nèi)容及問題。抓主題句，理解短文核心。扼要記錄，以助辨認(rèn)事實(shí)。抓信息詞，把握文章脈絡(luò)。運(yùn)用常識(shí)，做出合理推斷。聽清問題，避免 幸非所問llo1. 學(xué)會(huì)預(yù)測(cè)問題與內(nèi)容預(yù)測(cè)說話人的意圖是聽力理解的基本技巧。預(yù)測(cè)技巧主要取決于考生對(duì)文章題目的理解深度， 所掌握背景知識(shí)的多少，對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞的捕