新時代大學進階英語綜合教程1課程及答案 單元五

1、新時代大學進階英語綜合教程新時代大學進階英語綜合教程 15Sports and Motivation5CONTENTSPart II. Video Part III. Writing 1Part IV. Reading 2Part V. Writing 2Part VI. Critical Thinking and Presentation Part I. Reading 1 Lead-in5Lead-in：Who Was Jesse Owens?Who Was Jesse Owens? Jesse Owens (September 12, 1913 to March 31, 1980), a

2、lso known as The Buckeye Bullet, was an American track and field athlete who won four gold medals and broke two world records at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin. 5Lead-in: Do you know anything about Track & Field?Running: Sprints Middle distance Long distance Relay races Hurdling Marathon接力跑中長跑

3、 跨欄馬拉松長跑短跑5Lead-in: Do you know anything about Track & Field?Throwing: Shot put Discus throw Hammer throw5Lead-in: Do you know anything about Track & Field?Jumping: Long jump Triple jump High jump Pole vault 5Lead-in: Do you know anything about Track & Field? Combined events: Pentathlon

4、Decathlon 5u What is sportsmanship?Olympic Motto:u Higher, Faster, Stronger.Maos sports Motto:u Friendship first, competition second.Lead-in Discussion :The Meaning of Sportsmanship5Lead-in Discussion :The Meaning of Sportsmanship Sportsmanship is an aspiration or ethos that a sport or activity will

5、 be enjoyed for its own sake, with proper consideration for fairness, ethics, respect, and a sense of fellowship with ones competitors. A sore loser refers to one who does not take defeat well, whereas a good sport means being a good winner as well as being a good loser (someone who shows courtesy t

6、owards another in a sports game. From Wikipedia5Lead-in What Motivates Athletes? Motivation, simply defined, is the ability to initiate and persist at a task. Motivation is the foundation of all athletic effort and accomplishment. Without your desire and determination to improve your sports performa

7、nces, all of the other mental factors, confidence, intensity, focus, and emotions, are meaningless. To become the best athlete you can be, you must be motivated to do what it takes to maximize your ability and achieve your goals.Part I Reading 1Section ASection BSection C5My Greatest Olympic Prize L

8、anguage & Cultural points5Part I Reading 1Section ABefore You ReadTask 1 Connecting with the topic Check () your answers to these questions about participating in sports. 1.What do you think is the greatest benefit of participating in sports? A. Helping you stay in shape. B. Being social. C. Lea

9、rning how to cooperate. D. Keeping you focused on a goal.2.What do you think is the greatest disadvantage of participating in sports? A. Feeling tired after. B. Risk of injury. C. Poor sportsmanship. D. Over-dedication.5Part I Reading 1Section ABefore You ReadTask 1 Connecting with the topic Check (

10、) your answers to these questions about participating in sports. 3. How do you feel after participating in sports? A. Good. B. Not good. C. It depends on the sport. D. I do not participate in sports. 5Part I Reading 1Section ABefore You ReadTask 2 Pair work Compare your answers to Task 1 with a part

11、ner. How does participating in sports make you feel? Talk with your partner. A: How does participating in sports make you feel? B: I usually feel good when I play a sport. A: When do you not feel good? B: If I am sick or injured, I do not feel good. But most of the time, participating in sports make

12、s me feel strong, and that makes me feel happy. Example5Part I Reading 1Section ABefore You ReadTask 2 Pair work Compare your answers to Task 1 with a partner. How does participating in sports make you feel? Talk with your partner. Talk with your partner.A: I wish I felt that way when I participated

13、 in sports. B: Sports do not make you feel good? A: No. I feel tired and sore after I participate in sports. But that may be because I do not participate in sports very much. B: Maybe if you spent more time playing sports, your body would not get so tired so easily.Example5Part I Reading 1Section AB

14、efore You ReadTask 3 Previewing the passage Scan Passage A to complete the Previewing Chart below. Previewing Chart 1. What questions does the title raise for you? A. _ B. _ 2. Key words. (What words appear several times? List 5 more.) _ _ _ _ _ _ 3. Read the heading or the first sentence in each pa

15、ragraph. What do you think the reading is probably about?_ What was the authors Olympic prize? How did the author win his prize? Olympics qualify jump winmedalfriendship I think that the text is probably about two rival athletes who form an unlikely friendship. 5Part I Reading 1Section ABefore You R

16、eadTask 4Vocabulary Skill: Compound Nouns A compound noun is a noun that is made up of two or more words. Most compound nouns in English are formed by nouns modified by other nouns or adjectives. Examples: door + bell = doorbell chop + stick = chopstick mini + skirt = miniskirt soft + ware = softwar

17、e web + site = website5Part I Reading 1Section ABefore You ReadTask 4Vocabulary skillUnderstand compound nouns. The compound nouns in the box are some from what you have learned in Unit 1-5. Choose the correct nouns to fill in the blanks in the sentences below.1.My mother bought my sister a new twee

18、d _ for Christmas. 2. This _ is outdated and cannot run on my computer. 3. Mr. Antolinis computer class will be learning how to create a _.4. Im sorry, I did not hear you ring the _.5. I dropped a _on the floor during dinner. miniskirt software website doorbell chopstick5Part I Reading 1Section BWhi

19、le You Read1. In 1936, the Olympics were held in Berlin. Because Adolf Hitler insisted Germanys athletes were members of a “master race”, nationalistic feelings were high. 2. I wasnt too worried about this. Id trained for six years with the Games in mind. All I could think about was winning some gol

20、d medals. I particularly had my eye on the running broad jump. A year before, as a sophomore at Ohio State University, Id set the world record of 8.13 metres. My Greatest Olympic Prize Jesse Owens 1936 年，奧林匹克運動會在柏林舉辦。因為阿道夫希特勒堅持認為德國的運動員屬 于“優(yōu)等民族”，因而民族主義情緒空前高漲。 我對此卻沒有過于擔憂。為了這次奧運會，我刻苦訓練、揮汗如雨已有六年。我所想 的就是

21、要帶回家?guī)讐K金牌。我特別關注跳遠項目。一年前，我還是俄亥俄州立大學二年級的學生時 就創(chuàng)造了 8.13 米的世界紀錄。5Part I Reading 1Section BWhile You Read3. However, when the time came for the broad-jump trials, I was startled to see a boy hitting the pit at almost 7.9 metres on his practice leaps! He was a German named Luz Long.4. Long winning would add

22、 support to the Nazis Aryan-superiority theory. After all, I am Black. Incensed about Hitlers ways, I was determined to show him and his Nazis who was superior. 但是，在跳遠預賽時，我很震驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)一個高個子男孩在試跳時就跳出 7.9 米的成績 ! 他是一個叫盧茲朗的德國人 如果朗贏了，這會為納粹的“雅利安人種優(yōu)越”論增加一些佐證。畢竟，我是黑人。 我對希特勒的做法有點惱火，決定要走上賽場，向“元首”和他的優(yōu)等種族展現(xiàn)孰優(yōu)孰劣。5Part

23、 I Reading 1Section BWhile You Read5. Angry athletes make mistakes. I was no exception. On the first of my qualifying jumps, I leaped from several centimetres beyond the takeoff board for a foul. On the second jump, I fouled even worse. 6. Walking away from the pit, I kicked at the dirt. Suddenly, I

24、 felt a hand on my shoulder. I turned to look into the friendly blue eyes of the tall German broad jumper. He had easily qualified for the finals on his first attempt. He offered me a handshake, “Jesse Owens, Im Luz Long. I dont think weve met.” He spoke English well. 帶著憤怒情緒的運動員都會失誤。我也不例外。在我三輪資格賽的第一

25、輪，我越過踏板幾公分，犯規(guī)了。我在第二跳犯規(guī)得更嚴重。 我離開沙坑，走了幾碼，厭惡地踢著塵土。突然，我感到有人拍我肩膀。我轉過身， 看到高個子德國跳遠運動員友好的藍眼睛。他只跳了一次就輕松進入決賽。他主動和我握手，“杰西歐文斯，我是盧茲朗。我們應該沒見過。”他英文說得很好。5Part I Reading 1Section BWhile You Read7. “Glad to meet you,” I said. Trying to hide my nervousness, I added, “How are you?” “Im fine. The question is: how are yo

26、u?” “What do you mean?” I asked. “Something must be eating you,” he said. “You should be able to qualify with your eyes closed.” “I know it,” I told him. “很高興見到你”我說。然后，我試圖掩飾緊張情緒，又問道，“你好嗎？” “我很好。問題應該是：你怎么了？” “你什么意思？”我問到?！翱隙ㄓ惺伦屇阈臒┮鈦y，”他說?！澳汩]著眼睛都應該能進決賽?！?“我知道，”我告訴他。5Part I Reading 1Section BWhile You Re

27、ad8. For several minutes, we talked. I didnt tell Luz what was “eating” me, but he seemed to understand my anger, and he took pains to reassure me. Although hed been indoctrinated in the Nazi youth movement, he didnt believe in the Aryan supremacy any more than I did. We laughed over the fact that h

28、e really looked the part, though. He had a lean, muscular frame, blue eyes, blond hair and a handsome, chiseled face. Finally, seeing that I had calmed down somewhat, he pointed to the takeoff board. 接下來我們聊了幾分鐘。我并沒有告訴盧茲是什么在“吞噬”著我，但是他似乎理解我的憤怒，而且他也盡力安慰我。盡管他曾在納粹的青年運動中接受思想的灌輸，但是他跟我一樣，不相信雅利安種族優(yōu)秀論這一套東西。但是

29、，他看起來確實是那種人，為此我們一起大笑。他身材瘦削，肌肉發(fā)達，有著藍色的眼睛、金色的頭發(fā)和英俊的、棱角分明的臉龐。最后，他看到我稍顯平靜，就指著起跳板。5Part I Reading 1Section BWhile You Read9. “Why dont you draw a line a few centimetres in back of the board and make your takeoff from there?” he said. “Youll be sure not to foul, and you certainly ought to jump far enough

30、to qualify. What does it matter if youre not first in the trials? Tomorrow is what counts.” 10. I drew a line a full 30 centimetres behind the board and jumped from there. I qualified. “你為什么不在起跳板后面幾公分處畫一條線？”他說，“你肯定不會再犯規(guī)，而且你也肯定能跳進入圍線。預賽中是不是第一有什么關系？明天才重要?！?我在起跳板后30 公分劃了一條線，并從那里起跳。我進入決賽了！ 5Part I Readi

31、ng 1Section BWhile You Read11. That night I went to Luzs room in the Olympic village to thank him. If it hadnt been for him, I probably wouldnt be jumping in the finals the following day. We sat in his quarters and talked for two hoursabout track and field, ourselves, the world situation, other thin

32、gs. 12. When I got up to leave, we both knew that a real friendship had been formed. Luz would go out to the field the next day trying to outdo me if he could. But I knew that he wanted me to do my besteven if I beat him. 那天晚上，我走到盧茲在奧運村的房間，對他表達感謝。如果不是他，我很可能沒有機會在第二天參加決賽。我們坐在他的房間里交談了兩個小時關于田徑，關于我們自己、關于

33、世界形勢，以及很多其他事情。 當我起身告辭，我們都知道我們之間已經(jīng)建立真正的友誼。盧茲將會在第二天走上賽場，努力超過我。但是我知道他希望我也能拼勁全力盡管我可能會打敗他。5Part I Reading 1Section BWhile You Read13. Luz broke his own record, and inspired me to deliver a peak performance. The instant I landed from my final jumpthe one that set the Olympic record of 8.06 metreshe was at

34、 my side, congratulating me. Despite the fact that Hitler glared at us from the stands not a hundred metres away, Luz shook my hand hard. 盧茲最終打破了他以往的紀錄。他的表現(xiàn)也激勵我拿出巔峰表現(xiàn)。我記得在我最后一跳落地的一瞬間這一跳創(chuàng)造了8.06 米的奧林匹克紀錄盧茲走到我的身邊向我祝賀。盡管希特勒就在不足百米之處怒視我們，盧茲用力地握著我的手。5Part I Reading 1Section BWhile You Read14. All of the go

35、ld medals and cups I have received wouldnt come close to outshining the 24-carat friendship I felt for Luz then. He was the epitome of what Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympics, must have had in mind when he said, “The important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning but taking par

36、t. The essential thing in life is not conquering but fighting well.” 我對盧茲的友誼就像24 克拉的鉆石，我所有的金牌和獎杯都不會比這個鉆石更加閃亮?，F(xiàn)代奧運奠基人皮埃爾德顧拜旦曾說過：“奧林匹克運動會中重要的不是奪冠而是參與，生命中重要的事不是征服而是奮力拼搏”。他在說這話時，頭腦里存在的一定是盧茲這樣的形象。5Language and Cultural points Cultural note: Jesse Owens, the son of a sharecropper ( 佃農(nóng)) and grandson of a s

37、lave, achieved what no Olympian before him had accomplished. His stunning achievement of four gold medals at the 1936 Olympic games in Berlin has made him the best remembered athlete in Olympic history. Jesse Owens5Language and Cultural pointsOlympic a. 奧林匹克的 (the Olympics 奧林匹克運動會) 5Language and Cul

38、tural pointsBerlin n. 柏林（德國首都） 5Language and Cultural pointsAdolf Hitler the leader of Germanys Nazi Party, one of the most powerful and notorious dictators of the 20th century 阿道夫 希特勒5Language and Cultural pointse.g. After the dinner, he insisted on walking me home. The local residents insisted tha

39、t speed restriction should be implemented in the community. 吃完飯后，他堅持要陪我步行回家。當?shù)鼐用褚笤谏鐓^(qū)實施限速。insist v. to state or demand forcefully, esp. despite opposition 堅稱；堅持5Language and Cultural pointsathlete n. 運動員5Language and Cultural pointsmaster race a race that considers itself superior to all others and

40、fitted to rule the others 優(yōu)等民族；優(yōu)等種族5Language and Cultural pointsnationalistic a. being too proud of your own country 民族主義的，國家主義的e.g. The statesman delivered a series of nationalistic speeches when the war broke out. Nationalistic sentiment is cultivated among the students.戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)時，這位政治家發(fā)表了一系列民族主義演說。在學生

41、中培養(yǎng)民族主義情感。5Language and Cultural pointsNote:該句中該句中all 后接定語從句后接定語從句“I could think about”，省略了關系代詞，省略了關系代詞that。All I could think about was winning some gold medals. 5Language and Cultural pointshave an eye on to watch closely with interest 注意，監(jiān)視e.g. I had my eye on my kid when he was playing basketball

42、. The policeman had his eye on the suspect before arresting him. 當我的孩子在打籃球時，我一直看著他。在逮捕嫌疑犯之前，警察一直盯著他。5Language and Cultural pointsrunning broad jump 急行跳遠5Language and Cultural pointssophomore n. a second-year university or high school student 大學（高中）二年級生5Language and Cultural pointse.g. He set record

43、in the school sports meeting. The Chinese set a new world record in the sprint relay. 他在學校運動會上創(chuàng)下紀錄。中國人在短距離接力賽中創(chuàng)造了新的世界紀錄。set record to achieve the best performance in an event of sports that has been measured 創(chuàng)記錄5Language and Cultural pointstrial n. (sports) a preliminary competition to determine qua

44、lifications 預賽5Language and Cultural points.I was startled to see a boy hitting the pit at almost 7.9 metres on his practice leaps! Note:該句中該句中“see a boy hitting.”是是 “see sb. doing”結構，強調結構，強調“看到某人正在看到某人正在做做”。其他的感官動詞。其他的感官動詞hear，feel，watch都可以有類似的用法。都可以有類似的用法。更多例子更多例子： I saw her running in the rain. I

45、 hear him playing the piano. 我看到她正在雨里奔跑。我聽到他正在彈鋼琴。More to learn5Language and Cultural pointse.g. I was buried in my work and his voice startled me. The sudden appearance of a deer startled the driver. 我在專心工作，他的聲音嚇了我一跳。突然出現(xiàn)的小鹿讓司機嚇了一跳。startle v. to surprise 驚嚇More to learn5Language and Cultural points

46、pit n. 坑More to learn5Language and Cultural pointse.g. He leapt across the barrier. The prices of vegetables leapt because of the transporters strike. The company announced a leap in profits in the first quarter. 他一跳就越過障礙。運輸商罷工導致蔬菜價格直線上升。leap v./n. to jump with great force 跳躍該公司宣布第一季度利潤大增。5Language

47、and Cultural pointsLong winning would add support to the Nazis Aryan-superiority theory. Note:Long 是動名詞是動名詞winning 的邏輯主語。的邏輯主語。More to learn5Language and Cultural pointsadd v. to contribute 增加More to learn5Language and Cultural pointsNazis n. 納粹More to learn5Language and Cultural pointsAryan-superio

48、rity theory 雅利安人優(yōu)異理論5Language and Cultural pointsAryan-superiority theory 雅利安人優(yōu)異理論In this theory, the putative Aryan race is deemed the pinnacle of human racial hierarchy.5Language and Cultural pointsIncensed about Hitlers ways, I was determined to show him and his Nazis who was superior. Note:該句中該句

49、中“incensed about Hitlers ways”是過去分詞結構做原因狀語。是過去分詞結構做原因狀語。More to learn5Language and Cultural pointse.g. Incensed by the unfair treatment, I decided to quit. Many readers were incensed by his article on racism.不平等的待遇激怒了我，于是我決定辭職。他在文章中對種族主義的看法使許多讀者感到憤怒。incense v. to cause sb. To be extremely angry使發(fā)怒Mo

50、re to learn5Language and Cultural pointse.g. In terms of academic performance, she is superior to us. His superior performance secured his championship.就學業(yè)成績而言，她比我們優(yōu)秀。他的卓越表現(xiàn)穩(wěn)固了他的冠軍地位。superior a. higher in status or quality 優(yōu)秀的，出眾的5Language and Cultural pointse.g. Without exception, everyone should o

51、bey the law and regulations. It has been very cold recently, but today is an exception.每個人都無一例外地要遵守法律法規(guī)。最近的天氣非常寒冷，但是今天是個例外。exception n. a person or thing that is not included in a general statement 例外5Language and Cultural pointse.g. This work experience can help you qualify for permanent residence

52、in Canada. Chances are small businesses will qualify for the tax deduction.這項工作經(jīng)驗可以幫助你獲得在加拿大永久居留的資格。小企業(yè)有機會獲得減稅資格。qualify v. to prove capable; meet requirements 取得資格5Language and Cultural pointscentimetre n. 厘米5Language and Cultural pointsbeyond prep. farther along in space or time or degree 超過；越過In

53、the distance, beyond the river, was a small town.在河對岸的遠處有一座小鎮(zhèn)。5Language and Cultural pointstakeoff n. 起跳5Language and Cultural pointse.g. Foul play may destroy a footballers professional career. He was attempting to foul his opponent.犯規(guī)可能會毀掉足球運動員的職業(yè)生涯。他試圖讓對手犯規(guī)。foul n./v. against the rules of a sport

54、 犯規(guī)5Language and Cultural pointsNote:“Walking away from the pit”為現(xiàn)在分詞結構做時間狀語。為現(xiàn)在分詞結構做時間狀語。Walking away from the pit, I kicked at the dirt.More to learn5Language and Cultural pointsdirt n. 泥土；灰塵5Language and Cultural pointsfinal n. 決賽5Language and Cultural pointse.g. If you attempt to change your bod

55、y figure, you should work out on a regular basis. The prisoner attempted to escape by digging a hole. She made an attempt to socialize with new classmates.如果你想要改變體型，就應該定期做運動。囚犯企圖通過挖洞來逃跑。attempt n./v. the act of trying to do sth. especially sth. difficult嘗試；企圖她試圖與新同學交往。5Language and Cultural pointsne

56、rvousness n. state of being uneasy or anxious 精神緊張；神經(jīng)質5Language and Cultural pointsParaphrase:You must be annoyed by something.Something must be eating you.5Language and Cultural pointsanger n. a strong feeling of displeasure 憤怒5Language and Cultural pointse.g. He took pains to arrive at the peak of

57、 the mountain. The mother took pains to bring up her five children.他非常辛苦地登上了山頂。母親含辛茹苦地培養(yǎng)五個孩子。take pains to to focus strongly 盡力；煞費苦心5Language and Cultural pointse.g. He reassured his parents by calling them on a regular basis. Her encouragement reassured me that I would pass the examination.他經(jīng)常給父母親打

58、電話，讓他們安心。她的鼓勵讓我對自己通過考試充滿信心。reassure v. to make calm 使安心5Language and Cultural pointsParaphrase: Although he had been educated in Nazism and racism, he, like me, didnt believe in the superiority of the Aryan race.Although hed been indoctrinated in the Nazi youth movement, he didnt believe in the Arya

59、n supremacy any more than I did.More to learn5Language and Cultural pointsAlthough hed been indoctrinated in the Nazi youth movement, he didnt believe in the Aryan supremacy any more than I did.Note:該句中使用了該句中使用了“not. any more than”結構，表示結構，表示“同同一樣不一樣不”。更多例子：更多例子： I could not say it any more than you

60、. He is not a poet any more than I am.你不能說，我也不能說。他跟我都不是詩人。More to learn5Language and Cultural pointsNote：the Nazi youth： also the Hitler Youth , was the youth organization of the Nazi Party in Germany. Its origins dated back to 1922. The purpose of the organization was to ensure that German youth were indoctrinated i