牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊四-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞類型：1） 只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：must, can(could), may(might), ought to2） 可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：need, dare3） 可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可作助動(dòng)詞：shall(should), will(would)2 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞分別講解1.Must1)“必須，一定要” 可用于肯定句，表示說(shuō)話人的主觀意志，否定句表示禁止聽(tīng)話人干某事，疑問(wèn)句中表示征求聽(tīng)話人意見(jiàn)，是否必要做某事。 We must be confident in ourselves. You mustnt smoke in the classroom. -Mus

2、t we hand in our exercise in class? -Yes, you must. / No, you neednt/ dont have to.2)表推測(cè)，“必然，必定”只用于肯定句，不用于疑問(wèn)否定句中。 (1) 現(xiàn)在的肯定推測(cè)：must do He must be mad. (2) 現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：must be doing They must be waiting for us. (3）過(guò)去的肯定推測(cè)：must have done The door is locked. They must have left.3)“偏要，硬要”表示不耐煩。 Must you sm

3、oke here?2.Can 1)“能，會(huì)”強(qiáng)調(diào)人和動(dòng)物所具有的能力。 Ducks can swim. I can speak English. 2)“可以，許可”You can smoke here. 3)表示事物發(fā)生的可能性，表“推測(cè)”。肯定句：理論上、客觀上的可能性。Jiangsu can be warm in July.疑問(wèn)句或否定：具體事實(shí)的可能性。表示疑惑，驚訝或者不相信的意思。How can he be rude to you?3.Could 1)can的過(guò)去式：“可能，許可”He told me that he could lift more than 100 kilogram

4、s. The teacher tome me that I could hand in my homework later. 2)could提要求，比can更委婉。 -Could I ? Yes, you can. Can you? -Yes, I can. 3)對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)：could （not）have done : (1)對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)情況推測(cè)：（當(dāng)時(shí)可能/ 不可能）You could have hurt someone.(有可能做了，也有可能沒(méi)做) (2)虛擬（對(duì)過(guò)去）（本來(lái)可以/ 不可以）I could have gone to help you. Why didnt you ask m

5、e?(本來(lái)可以卻沒(méi)做)4.May 1)許可，允許： You may join us in the game. 注意否定回答：-May I smoke here? -No, you cant/ mustnt./ -No, youd better not/ Im afraid not. 2)可能。不用于疑問(wèn)句。Youd better take a map with you, or you may lose your way. 注意：May he is innocent of the robbery?(錯(cuò)，換成can/ could) 3)may have done: 推測(cè)，不用于疑問(wèn)句。也沒(méi)有虛擬意

6、味。 Our teacher may have mistaken my mother for my sister.(可能性)5.Could 1)作may 的過(guò)去式。表過(guò)去的“許可，允許”用于間接引語(yǔ)。 He asked “Can/ May I sit down?” He asked if he could sit down. 2)對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況推測(cè)，可能性比may 小。He might be here on time, but I am not sure. 3)用于疑問(wèn)，客氣委婉的提出請(qǐng)求。 -Might I come in? -Yes, you may. 4)might have done= c

7、ould have done對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)，可能做了。還可用于虛擬 He might have got caught in the shower. You might have persuaded him into giving up the idea, but you didnt try your best.(虛擬)6.Should/ Ought to 1)應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)（義務(wù)） :You should stick to your opinion. 2)推測(cè)，用于陳述句?！鞍蠢響?yīng)當(dāng)，估計(jì)”：They should be there by now, for they have been away

8、 for two hours. 3)should (not) have done 本應(yīng)該/ 本不應(yīng)該 You shouldnt have scolded the boy for he has tried his best.(本不應(yīng)該卻做了) 4)竟然：從句中用來(lái)表示驚訝，不以為然: He should have fallen asleep in the class.7.Shall 1)主語(yǔ)的意愿決心。用于第一人稱：I shall follow you wherer you go. 2)表示建議/請(qǐng)求，用于一，三人稱疑問(wèn)句：Shall we go for a walk? 3)表示說(shuō)話人給予對(duì)方的

9、允諾，命令，警告，威脅，決心等。用于二，三人稱 You shall fail of you dont work harder.(警告) If you finish the work ahead of time, you shall have a week off.(許諾) Nobody shall stay in the class when class is over.(命令)8.will/would 1)表意愿（would表過(guò)去意愿）:I will make him change his mind even if I stay up all night. They asked us if

10、we would have a look-round first. 2)表請(qǐng)求，建議（用于第二人稱）（would 語(yǔ)氣更委婉） Will you drop in and have a chat with me ? Would you come to my office when it is convenient? 3)表示傾向，習(xí)慣（肯定句）總是，會(huì) （否定句）不肯，就不 （would表過(guò)去的習(xí)慣） A drowning person will catch at a straw. The old couple would take a walk on fine afternoons.9.Need/ Dare 1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need /dare ( not) do sth. Need/Dare+主+do？實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：need /dare to do sth. dont need/ dare to do sth. Do+主+need/ dare to do sth?Need you go so soon? Do you nee