高中英語一輪復習 Part I Unit 21 Human biology學案 北師大版

1、高中英語一輪復習 Part I Unit 21 Human biology學案 北師大版知識清單重點單詞1._vt. 消化_n. 消化2_ vt. 濫用；虐待 n. 濫用；虐待_adj. 辱罵的；毀謗的；惡語的 3_vt. 容忍_n. 容忍；寬容4_adj. 根本的；基本的_adv. 根本地；完全5_ adj. 每年的；年度的_n. 周年紀念(日)6. _adj. 強制性的；義務的7_vt. 反對 _adj. 相反的8_ vt. 反駁；駁斥；與相矛盾 _adj. 互相矛盾的；對立的 9_ vt. 推遲；延期10. _n. 常規(guī)；慣例adj. 例行的；常規(guī)的11_vt. 預見；預料12_vi.

2、& vt. 下降；減少；衰退；拒絕 n. 下降；減少；衰退 13_vt. 提交；呈遞 _n. 提交；呈遞14_adj. 徹底的；細致的 _adv.徹底地；仔細地重點短語1._ _時而；不時；每隔時間2._ _ 徒勞；白費力氣 3_ _ 隨便地；隨意地；任意地4_ _ _ 不惜任何代價；無論如何5_ _ _ 對負責 6._ _ _ 開始；著手 7_ _ 立刻；馬上 8._ _ 徹底毀滅；消滅9_ _ _ _ _ 終止；消滅 10_ _ _ 搶劫某人某物11_ _ _ 無論如何；至少 12._ _ _在這種情況下重點句式1.It struck near the end of the Fir

3、st World War and left_families_mourning worldwide. 2.With_all_the_international_effort_being_made,_we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.核心語法條件句和混合條件句自我校對重點單詞：1digest; digestion2.abuse; abusive3.tolerate; tolerance4.fundamental; fundamen

4、tally5.annual; anniversary6compulsory7.oppose; opposite8.contradict; contradictory9.postpone10.routine11.foresee12.decline13submit; submission14.thorough; thoroughly重點短語：1at intervals2.in vain3.at random4.at all costs5.be responsible for6.get down to7.straight away8.wipe out9stop sth in its tracks10

5、.rob sb of sth11.at any rate12.in / under the circumstances重點詞匯探究1digest vt.消化(食物)；完全理解；徹底領悟 vi.被消化 n. 摘要；文摘digestion nU消化；吸收；領悟 C(通常作單數(shù))消化能力；消化力have a good / poor digestion 消化力很強/弱1)I struggled to _ what he said.我費力地琢磨他所說的話。2)Fruits _ easily.水果容易消化。【答案】1)digest2)digest(1)完成句子This is a _ of the week

6、' news. 這是一周的新聞摘要。【答案】 digest(1)完成句子This is a _ of the week' news. 這是一周的新聞摘要。【答案】 digest(2)名校押題(2010海南十二校聯(lián)考)Don't feed meat to the baby; he is too small to _it.AdigestBdrinkCtaste Dgrasp【答案與解析】A題意：不要喂嬰兒吃肉，他太小，消化不了。digest“消化”，符合題意。2abuse vt. 濫用；虐待；辱罵；傷害 n. 濫用；辱罵；謾罵；虐待 a child abuser 虐待兒童者

7、a drug abuser 嗜毒者abusive adj. 辱罵的；惡語的；毀謗的1)Several of the children had been physically _. 這些孩子中有幾個受到過身體上的虐待。2)It is easy to _ one's power. 權力容易被濫用。3)The crowd started _ him after he failed to save a goal. 他沒能救起那個球，遭到觀眾的辱罵。4)Drug abuse and alcohol _ contributed to his early death. 他的過早離世是濫用毒品和酗酒造

8、成的。【答案】1)abused2)abuse3)abusing4)abuse(1)完成句子William _ the trust the film showed in him. 威廉辜負了公司對他的信任?！敬鸢浮縜bused(2)名校押題(2010東北三省四市聯(lián)考)He _ his position as the general manager by giving jobs to his friends.Aabused BcheatedCdefeated Drejected【答案與解析】Aabuse one's position“濫用職權”。3tolerate vt. 容許；容忍；忍受

9、后接名詞或動名詞，相當于bear, stand或put up with。1)I can't _ that rude fellow. 我不能容忍那個粗魯?shù)募一铩?)We don't _ smoking in the library. 我們不容許在圖書館里抽煙。3)The human body cannot _ such large amounts of radiation. 人體經不住那么大量的輻射?！敬鸢浮?)tolerate2)tolerate3)tolerate(1)完成句子I don't know how you can _ that noise! 我不知道你怎么

10、能忍受那樣的噪音！【答案】tolerate(2)名校押題(2011江蘇南京調研)To prevent fires, smoking is strictly_in the factory.A.preserved BforbiddenCignored Dtolerated【答案與解析】B考查動詞。forbid “禁止”，符合題意。 preserve “保護”； ignore “忽略；忽視”； tolerate “容忍”。4.fundamental adj. 基本的；基礎的；根本的；十分重要的；主要的；首要的 n. (通常作復數(shù)) 基本規(guī)則； 基本原則； 基本原理； 基本部分be fundament

11、al to 對必不可少；對十分重要1)His _ _ was to rely too much on others.他的根本錯誤是過分依賴他人。2)Water is _ _ survival.水對于生存來說必不可少。3)This is _ to the building up of China's national defense.這對加強中國國防非常重要。4)His _ _ was for her welfare. 他最關心的是她的幸福。 5)The _ _ is a political one. 首要的問題是政治問題。【答案】1)fundamental mistake2)funda

12、mental to3)fundamental4)fundamental concern5)fundamental question(1)完成句子There are _ _ between your religious beliefs and mine. 我們倆的宗教信仰根本不同。【答案】fundamental differences(2)名校押題(2011福州質檢)What do you think are the _ reasons for the current financial crisis?Aadequate Bfundamental Cambiguous Dprimitive 【答

13、案與解析】B題意：你認為導致當前金融危機的根本原因是什么？adequate“足夠的；充分的”；fundamental “基礎的；根本的”；ambiguous“模棱兩可的”；primitive “原始的”。 5.oppose vt. 反對；反抗；(與某人)較量后接名詞、代詞或動詞ing作賓語。opposed adj. 反對的；對立的be opposed to 反對as opposed to (表對比)而；相對于1)He _ the proposal to build a new hall. 他反對修建新禮堂的建議。2)Congress is continuing to _ the Preside

14、nt's health care budget. 國會繼續(xù)反對總統(tǒng)的醫(yī)療預算。3)He _ _ _ two other candidates. 另外兩名候選人反對他。4)Who _ _ you in the match? 你和誰比賽？【答案】1)opposed2)oppose3)is opposed by4)is opposing(1)完成句子I would certainly _ changing the system. 我當然會反對改變這一制度?！敬鸢浮縪ppose(2)名校押題(2011濟南質檢)Most of the local residents _ the closing

15、of their hospital.Aavoided BexposedCopposed Dreceived【答案與解析】Coppose “反對”。題意：大部分當?shù)鼐用穹磳﹃P閉他們的醫(yī)院。6contradict vt. & vi.反駁(某人的言論或文字); 批駁； 駁斥 (指事實、證據等)(與某事物)相反或相矛盾contradictory adj. 互相矛盾的；抵觸的selfcontradictory adj.自相矛盾的in contradiction to與正相反1)The witness _ the driver's statement.目擊者否認了那名司機的陳述。2)Don

16、't _ your father! 不要頂撞你父親！3)The witnesses' statements _ _ _ and the facts remained unclear.目擊者的說法各不相同，事實還是不清楚。4)The speaker had got confused, and started _ _. 演講者弄糊涂了，說話變得自相矛盾。 5)The report _ what we heard yesterday. 這個報告與我們昨天聽到的相矛盾。【答案】1)contradicted2)contradict3)contradicted each other4)co

17、ntradicting himself5)contradicts(1)完成句子Your behavior is _ your words. 你的行為與你的言語相矛盾?！敬鸢浮縤n contradiction to(2)名校押題(2010濟南調研)People in Pisa were angry with Galileo for daring to_ the great Aristotle.Acontradict Bconvince Cconflict Dviolate【答案與解析】A題意：比薩的人們對伽利略極為氣惱，因為他竟敢否定偉大的亞里士多德。contradict “反駁；否認；否定”；

18、 convince“使相信；使信服”； conflict“沖突”，為不及物動詞，常與with連用； violate“違反(法律、法規(guī)等)”。7.postpone vt. 使(事件、行動等)延期；推遲 其常見搭配為：postpone sth until / to把某事推遲到postpone doing sth 推遲做某事put sth off; put off doing sth推遲/延緩/拖延某事物delay (doing) sth 延誤/延緩/拖延(做)某事；耽擱做某事1)We're _ our holiday until we have some more money.我們把度假日

19、期推遲到我們有更多錢的時候。2)The concert _ _ _ _Saturday. 音樂會已被推遲到星期六舉行。3)It was an unpopular decision to _ building the new hospital.延遲建新醫(yī)院的決定是不得人心的?！敬鸢浮?)postponing2)has been postponed to3)postpone(1)完成句子We've had to _ our wedding until September. 我們得把婚禮延期到九月舉行。 【答案】postpone(2)名校押題(2011山東省實驗中學診斷性測試)You mus

20、t be there within an hour. There should be no _in sending the information.Aquestion Bdoubt Cdelay Dproblem【答案與解析】C考查名詞。題意：你必須一小時內趕到那兒。趕快把消息送出去。there is no question there is no doubt “毫無疑問” ；there is no delay in doing.“毫不拖延地做”；there is no problem with doing. “做沒問題”。 8.foresee vt. 預見； 預知； 預料后面常跟名詞、代詞或

21、從句作賓語。1)The difficulties could not _ _ _. 這些困難是無法預見的。 2)He _ that the job would take a long time. 他預料到做這項工作需要很長時間。 3)They could not _ _ how things would turn out. 他們不可能預知事情的結果。4)Do you _ any problems with the new system？對于這種新體制，你看會有什么問題嗎？5)He _ that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.他預知自己的

22、旅程會被惡劣的天氣耽擱。【答案】1)have been foreseen2)foresaw3)have foreseen4)foresee5)foresaw(1)完成句子She _ that the improvement would continue. 她預測情況將繼續(xù)好轉。 【答案】foresaw(2)名校押題(2010杭州質檢)The young woman made a _ to her parents that she would try to earn her own living after graduation.Aprediction BpromiseCplan Dcontri

23、bution【答案與解析】Bmake a promise“發(fā)誓；承諾”。9decline vi.減少；降低；下降；拒絕；謝絕 vt.拒絕；謝絕 n. 減少；下降；衰退常跟名詞、代詞或不定式作賓語。1)Do you think standards of education in some areas _ _ in recent years？你是否覺得最近幾年有些地方的教育水準下降了？2)I invited her to join us, but she _. 我邀請她和我們一起，可是她婉言謝絕了。 3)We _ their offer of financial help.我們謝絕了他們提供的資金

24、援助。4)As a result of _ _ in the quality of products, the company lost a lot of customers.由于產品質量的下降，這家公司失去了很多顧客。【答案】1)have declined2)declined3)declined4)the decline(1)完成句子Mary _ a hot drink and went to her room.【答案】declined(2)名校押題(2010大連調研)How are you getting along with your business?Not very well. Th

25、e market for these products_ fast due to the financial crisis.Awas declined Bwas decliningCis declined Dis declining【答案與解析】D題意：“最近生意如何？”“不太好。由于金融危機，這些產品的市場在迅速減少。”根據上文“How are you getting along with your business？”可知，這里應該用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，“市場”和“減少”為主謂關系，故選D項。10.seek vt.& vi. 尋找；尋求；設法；試圖；探索；謀求；爭取常用于seek (for)

26、 sth from sb, seek (after / for) sth, seek to do sth 結構。seek one's fortune外出尋找發(fā)財機會；外出闖蕩；闖世界 seek sb / sth out找出或找到某人/某物1)They _ in vain for somewhere to shelter. 他們怎么也找不到一個藏身的地方。2)We are currently _ new ways of expanding our membership.目前我們正探索發(fā)展會員的新途徑。3)You must _ _ _ the manager. 你必須設法讓經理批準。4)T

27、hey _ _ to mislead us. 他們試圖誤導我們?！敬鸢浮?)sought2)seeking3)seek permission from4)are seeking(1)完成句子We _ _ _ to tell her of her success. 我們找到她， 告訴她她成功了?！敬鸢浮縮ought her out(2)名校押題(2011濟南質檢)He determined to_ a building more suited to his parents' needs.Aseek for Bcall onCtake on Dhold up【答案與解析】Aseek for

28、 look for“尋求；尋找”。11equip vt. (為某人或地方)配備(設施、裝備等)；(為某人)提供(信息、知識、技能等) 常見的結構有：equip sb / sth with sth 為某人配備某物be equipped with sth 裝備某物1)We must _ young teachers to deal with difficult children.我們必須讓年輕教師具備對付問題學生的能力。2)Our laboratory is _ _. 我們的實驗室裝備良好。3)Your training will _ you for your future job. 你受到的訓練

29、使你能夠勝任未來的工作。4)He _ _ _ much experience in teaching. 他具有豐富的教學經驗?！敬鸢浮?)equip2)well equipped3)equip4)is equipped with(1)完成句子This is the _ hospital in the area.這是本地區(qū)設備最好的醫(yī)院。【答案】bestequipped(2)名校押題(2010南京師大附中月考)We have already _ourselves for the travel.Aequipped BfixedCsupplied Dprovided【答案與解析】Aequip側重提供

30、與技術有關的裝備、設備或理論知識等；fix“安裝；修理；固定”；supply為普通用詞，指提供任何所需求的物品；provide強調人的深謀遠慮，側重用儲備等方法作充分準備。12concern vt.(使)擔憂；涉及；關系到 n擔心；關注；(利害)關系as (it) concerns關于concern oneself about / for sth某人為某事?lián)腷e concerned about / for sth為某事?lián)腸oncern oneself with / in 使(某人)與有關系；使牽涉；使參與be concerned in sth與某事有關；參與某事as / so far as

31、.be concerned 就而言1)He doesn't bother about things that don't _ him.那些與他無關的事情，他不去費心。2)She _ _ _ social welfare.她關注社會福利問題。3)There is growing _ _ violence on the Internet.人們對網絡暴力日漸關注。4)_ parents are having a meeting on how to solve the serious problem.憂心忡忡的家長們正在開會討論如何解決這個嚴重的問題。【答案】1)concern2)co

32、ncerns herself with / in3)concern about4)Concerned(1)完成句子As far as I _ _， I'm not against your plan. 就我而言，我并不反對你的計劃?！敬鸢浮縜m concerned(2)名校押題(2010大連市高三雙基測試)The story that follows _two athletes who have been accused of taking excitant. Aconcerns BstatesCrelates Drefers【答案與解析】A考查動詞。題意：接下來的這個故事涉及兩位被指

33、控使用興奮劑的運動員。 concern “涉及”； state “陳述”； relate “使聯(lián)系”； refer “談及”。重點短語探究1in vain 徒然；枉費心機；徒勞無益；白費力氣類似用法還有：in place在合適的地方in sight 在視野內；被看到in effect 有效地1)The police tried _ _ to break up the protest crowds.警察試圖驅散抗議的人群，但沒有成功。2)All our work was _ _.我們所有的工作都白做了?！敬鸢浮?)in vain2)in vain(1)完成句子Police searched _

34、for the missing gunman. 警方搜尋失蹤的持槍歹徒，但毫無結果?！敬鸢浮縤n vain(2)名校押題(2011?？谫|檢)The young man's efforts to raise money for his program were _ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.Ain place Bin sightCin effect Din vain【答案與解析】D考查介詞短語。in place“在合適的地方”；in sight“在視野內；被看到”；in

35、effect“有效”；in vain“徒勞”。2at random 隨便地；任意地；胡亂地guess at random瞎猜open a book at random隨便翻開一本書 read at random無目的地瀏覽1)The librarian took a book _ _ from the shelf.圖書管理員從書架上隨便拿了一本書。2)The killer appears to have selected his victims _ _.兇手似乎是隨意選擇被害人。3)Please don't spit _ _.請不要隨地吐痰?！敬鸢浮?)at random2)at ra

36、ndom3)at random(1)單項填空 I began to feel _ in the new school when I saw some familiar faces.Aat home Bat heart Cat will Dat sight【答案與解析】A題意：在新學校里，當我看到一些熟悉的面孔時，我開始感覺自在。at home“在家；無拘束”； at heart“內心里；實際上”； at will“隨意地”； at sight“一見到就”。 (2)名校押題(2010浙江溫州八校聯(lián)考)Not all athletes must be tested, but _.Aat all B

37、at least Cat random Dat large【答案與解析】C題意：并非所有的運動員都要藥檢，只是隨機抽查。at all“完全；根本”； at least“至少”； at random“隨便地；任意地”； at large“整個；全部”。3.at all costs 不惜任何代價；無論如何同義短語：at any cost at the cost of 以犧牲為代價at cost 照原價；照成本價1)We will save his life _ _ _.我們將不惜任何代價挽救他的生命。2)The bridge must be repaired within three days _

38、 _ _.要不惜一切代價在三天內把橋修好?！敬鸢浮?)at all costs2)at all costs(1)完成句子The fire was put out _ _ _ _a fireman's life. 這場火災是以犧牲一位消防隊員的生命為代價才撲滅的?！敬鸢浮縜t the cost of(2)名校押題(2010天津市南開中學模擬) His uncle is a car dealer and sold him the car_.Aat all costs Bat a cost Cat the cost Dat cost【答案與解析】D題意：他的叔叔是個汽車銷售商，因此按原價賣給

39、了他這輛車。at all costs at any cost“不惜任何代價；無論如何”； at a cost (of)“以價格”； at the cost of“以犧牲為代價”； at cost “照原價；照成本價”。4.wipe out 擦拭的內部；徹底摧毀；消滅；除去；取消break out 爆發(fā)bring out 拿出；生產carry out 貫徹；執(zhí)行come out 出版die out 滅絕figure out 計算出；解決；理解；明白give out 分發(fā)；耗盡；發(fā)出hold out 伸出；維持；堅持(要求)leave out 遺漏；省略let out 釋放；泄漏make out

40、辨認出；理解put out 熄滅；撲滅；生產；伸出pull out 拿出；拔出；(車等)駛出run out 用完；耗盡set out 動身；開始send out 發(fā)送stand out 引人注目；杰出turn out 生產出；培養(yǎng)出；結果是try out 試驗 work out 算出；弄懂；想出；解決1)_ _ the bath before you use it.使用浴盆前先把里面擦洗干凈。2)Doctors are searching for a cure that will _ _ cancer.醫(yī)生們正在尋找治愈癌癥的醫(yī)療方法?！敬鸢浮?)Wipe out2)wipe out(1)完成

41、句子The government is trying to _ _ drug trading activities.政府正在竭力清除毒品買賣活動?！敬鸢浮縲ipe out(2)名校押題(2011海口調研)Mother stressed again and again that I should not_any important details while retelling the story.Abring out Blet out Cleave out Dmake out【答案與解析】C考查動詞短語。 題意：母親反復強調，我在復述這個故事時不應該漏掉任何重要的細節(jié)。bring out“拿出

42、；生產”； let out“釋放；泄漏”； leave out“遺漏；省略”； make out“辨認出；理解”。 重點句型探究1It struck near the end of the First World War and left families mourning worldwide.它開始于第一次世界大戰(zhàn)末期，結果使世界各地的許多家庭承受喪親之痛。句中的leave意為“使某人/某物處于某種狀態(tài)”，常用于“l(fā)eave賓語賓補” 結構中。賓補常由形容詞、動詞的ing形式、不定式、過去分詞、介詞短語等充當。make sb / sth 形容詞/過去分詞 使某人/某事物make sb / s

43、th do sth 強迫/迫使某人/某物做某事； 使某人/某物做某事【仿寫】那場大地震使數(shù)以萬計的人們無家可歸。_【答案】That big earthquake left thousands of people homeless.1)Don't leave her _ outside in the rain. 不要讓她在外面雨中等著。2)The boy left the cake _， because it didn't taste nice. 男孩留下蛋糕未動，因為不好吃。3)They left in a hurry, leaving many problems _ _ _.

44、 他們匆匆離去，留下許多問題需要解決?！敬鸢浮?)waiting2)untouched3)to be settled(1)完成句子She went on playing the computer game, _ _ _ _. 她讓水嘩嘩地流著，繼續(xù)玩電腦游戲?！敬鸢浮縧eaving the water running(2)名校押題(2011濟南質檢) He was so careless that he left, _the door_.Aleaving; unlocked Bto leave; locked Cleft; unlocked Dleaving; locking【答案與解析】A考

45、查非謂語動詞。題意：他是如此粗心，竟然沒有鎖門就走了。這里leave與其邏輯主語he之間的邏輯關系為主動，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表伴隨；the door與lock之間的邏輯關系為被動，故用過去分詞作賓補。 2.With all the international effort being made, we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.因為有國際社會的共同努力，我們必須相信我們會及時找到解決方案來徹底消滅禽流感。with all t

46、he international effort being made 是with的復合結構，即“with 賓語賓補”，此處的賓補是being made。with的復合結構還有：(1)with 名詞介詞短語 The man came in with a book in his hand.那個男人手里拿著一本書進來了。在書面語中，上句也可以說成：The man came in, book in hand.(2)with 名詞形容詞 (強調名詞的特性或狀態(tài))With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it'll rain presentl

47、y.天氣這么悶熱，十有八九要下雨。(3)with 名詞副詞With John away, we have got more room.約翰走了，我們的空間大了一些。(4)with 名詞過去分詞 (強調名詞是過去分詞動作的承受者或動作已經發(fā)生)With this problem solved, new penicillin is now in regular production.隨著這個問題的解決，新青霉素1號現(xiàn)在已正式生產。(5)with 名詞現(xiàn)在分詞 (名詞是現(xiàn)在分詞動作的發(fā)出者或某動作、狀態(tài)正在進行)I won't be able to go on holiday with my

48、 mother being ill.由于母親生病了，我不能出去度假。(6)with 名詞/代詞 to do (不定式動作尚未發(fā)生)So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went on playing football.由于下午沒事可做，我繼續(xù)踢足球?！痉聦憽坑捎诤芏鄦栴}需要處理，他匆匆走了。_【答案】With a lot of problems to deal with, he left in a hurry.(1)完成句子Don't stand _ _ _ _ _ _. 站著時別把雙手插在袋里。【答案】with your hands i

49、n your pockets(2)名校押題(2010南京調研)Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry. With so many problems _my mind, I almost break down.Afilled BfillingCto fill Dbeing filled 【答案與解析】B考查with的復合結構。所填詞作with復合賓語結構的賓語補足語，與so many problems之間是主謂關系，且表示正在發(fā)生的動作，用ving形式。高考真題探究1(2010 山東，22)If we sit near

50、 _ front of the bus, we'll have _ better view.A不填； the B不填； a Cthe; a Dthe; the【答案與解析】C考查冠詞在具體語境中的使用。題意應為“如果我們坐在公共汽車的前部，就會有更好的視野。”表示“某空間內部的前部”時，front前要加定冠詞the; have a good view是習慣搭配，表示“視野開闊；視野良好”之意。2(2010 遼寧，26)Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise.Acan Bwill Cmust Dmay【答案與解析】C考查情態(tài)動詞。題意：醫(yī)生說鍛煉對身體重要，但是必須是有規(guī)律的鍛煉。can“可能”；w