初中英語從句知識點總結(jié)歸納

1、賓語從句1 定義：賓語從句是指在一個句子中充當(dāng)賓語的句子如： He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.2 賓語從句有三種類型：1 .由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從何表示陳述意義，連詞 that?？杀皇÷?。例如： I hope （that） they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy.Can t you see （that） I m a bird?注意： （ 1）當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think,believe 等時，賓語從句盡管要表示否定意義， 卻不用否定形式，而將 th

2、ink 等動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健Ｈ纾?I don t think hewill come.我認為他不會來。2 2） 兩個表示陳述意義的賓語從句并列時，有時省去第一個從句的連詞that，但第二個從句的連詞that 一般不可以省略。如：He told me （that）they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.2 .由從屬連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從何表示“是否（有，能，已經(jīng)）”等一般疑問句的含義。例如： I wonder whether （if） he lives here.3 .由連接代詞who,whom,

3、whose,what,which 和連接副詞when,where,how,why等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表示“誰，誰的，什么，哪（個，些） ，何時，何地，怎樣，為什么” 等等特殊疑問句的意義。除了連接詞及被修飾的詞提前以外，賓語從句用陳述句語序。例如： To masked who could give the message to her mother.Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was.三 .賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)： “主現(xiàn)則從任，主過則從過，客觀真理一般 現(xiàn)”1當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r的時候，賓語從句

4、可以用所需要的任何時態(tài)。2主句是過去時，賓語從句一般只能用過去時的某種形式；當(dāng)從句敘述的是客觀事實或一般真理時，賓語從句仍然用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。3.情態(tài)動詞must一般不用于過去時，但卻可以用于主句是過去時的賓語從句中四 .賓語從句的語序1 賓語從句的連接詞后加陳述語序（主語在前，謂語在后）如： I want to know if he can come tomorrow2 當(dāng)連接詞本身又是賓語從句的主語時，后面直接加謂語動詞如： She asked me who had helped him狀語從句英語中 ,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分叫狀語。狀語的功用：狀語說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、

5、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等，根據(jù)狀語的功能狀語從句可分為：時間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、條件狀語從句。一時間狀語從句：在一個句子中作時間狀語的句子。時間狀語的連接詞：when（當(dāng)時候）while （當(dāng)時候）as（當(dāng)時候）after （在以后） before （在以前） as soon as（一就） since （自從至U現(xiàn)在） till /until （直到才）by the time （到為止）依舊是連接詞后加陳述語序。1. when當(dāng)?shù)臅r候（一般情況下：主將從現(xiàn)）I will become a teacher when I grow up2. while 當(dāng)

6、時He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.3. as 在的同時；一邊一邊He smiled as he stood up.4. after 在之后He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.5. before 在之前Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.6. as soon as 一就（一般情況下：主將從現(xiàn)）We began to work as soo

7、n as we got there.I will write to you as soon as I get home.7. since 自以來 到現(xiàn)在表示自過去的一個起點時間到目前（說話時間）為止的一段持續(xù)時間。主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時。Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ag還可以用 作介詞，本句從何還可以用短語：since three years ago（三年前以來）表示。） 8 till /until 直到都可以作連詞，連接時間狀語，也可以作介詞，與其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語，

8、在句中作狀語。They walked till /until it was dark.Xiao Ming didn t leave home till / until his father came .back9. by the time到為止（所在句子的主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在或過去完成時）By the time he gets there , his father has already gone.By the time I got to school, the class had already began.用法辨析：1.when, while和as的區(qū)別When 引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的

9、動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。并且when有時表示“就在那時”。例如： When she came in, I stopped eating. 她進來時，我在吃飯。（瞬時動詞）When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當(dāng)?shù)淖≡谵r(nóng)村時，我常常為他擔(dān)水。（延續(xù)性的動詞）We were about to leave when he came in. 我們就要離開，就在那時他進來了。While 引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動作必須是延續(xù)性的，并強調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生（或者相對應(yīng)）。并且 while 有時還可以表示對比。例

10、如：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.I like playing football while you like playing basketball. 我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。 （對比）As 表示“一邊一邊”，as引導(dǎo)的動作是延續(xù)性的動作，一般用于主句和 從句動作同時發(fā)生；as也可以強調(diào)“一先一后。例如：We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。（as表示“一邊一邊”）As we was going out, it began to snow.當(dāng)我們出門時，開始下雪了。（a

11、s強調(diào)旬中兩個動作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強調(diào)開始下雪的特定時間）as when while都表示主、從何動作同時發(fā)生，三者差異如下：as表示“一邊。 。 。一邊的意思 when1、還可以表示從句動詞的動作在主幾句動詞的動作之前或之后發(fā)生。2、when= and then; at that moment （E在那個時候）3.常用于常見搭配中while1、 用于時間較長時2、 強調(diào)兩個動作同時進行，并表示對比時有時這三個連詞可以互換，有時不可以。lt was raining hard when （as） I got there.我到那里時，正在下大雨。（ 動作同時發(fā)生，when 可換為 as, 但不

12、能換為while，因為get是點動詞.）When I had read the article, he called me.我看完這篇文章之后，她給我打了電話。（ 從句動作發(fā)生在主句之前，注意時態(tài)表達，只能用when ）When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.（當(dāng) ）我到了電影院時，電影已經(jīng)開演了。（從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意時態(tài)）He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.他正要離開，忽然電話響了。（ 此時不能放在句首。主句動詞一般表達 “正在”“即將” .while,

13、 as不能代替She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.他以為我在談她女兒，然而，實際上在談?wù)撐遗畠骸＃ū磙D(zhuǎn)折，對比，when, as都不能代替它）While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.外星人買紀(jì)念品時，那女孩給警察打了電話。（表示主句，從句的動作同時發(fā)生，while 后引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的動詞必須是延續(xù)動詞不能是點動詞，因為它表示較長時間 ）Mother wa

14、s worried becauselittle Alice was ill, especially as （when/ while） father was away.媽媽擔(dān)心，因為小愛麗絲病了，特別是他父親不在家的時候。（此時as ,when, while可通用 )2 . 由 till 或 until 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強調(diào)句型中多用until。并且要注意的是： 如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時動詞時，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達的意思不同。例如：I worked until he came b

15、ack我工作到他回來為止。I didn't work until he came back他回來我這才開始工作。3 .由since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。since 引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時，表述為：現(xiàn)在完成時+since+一般過去時。但在It is +時間+ since從旬的句型中，主旬多用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：It is five months since our boss was in Beijing我們老板離開北京有五個月 了。知識擴展1. It issince 從.以來多長時間了It

16、is five years since we met last time.2. It is +before(。才。)It was a long time before I went to sleep again.It was an hour before (= until) the police arrived.二.原因狀語從句：在一個句子中作時間狀語的句子。連接詞：由連詞 because, since, asl導(dǎo)，也可由for, now that等詞引導(dǎo)1.I didn t go to school yesterday because I was ill.2. Since everybody

17、 is here, let' s begin oumeeting.3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然。 。 。4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.用法辨析：because , since , as , fo 辨析1) because語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答 why提出的問題。當(dāng)原 因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或sinceI didn t go, because I was afraid.S

18、ince /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2)由because導(dǎo)的從何如果放在旬末，且前面有逗號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。He is absent today, because / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.三、條件狀語從句連接詞：if 如果 , unless (=if not) 如果不、除非(讓步)1. If it doesn t rain tomorrow, wegowhi

19、lliking.2. I will go to the party unless he goes there too.3. You will be late unless you leave immediately.=If you don t leave immediately, you will be late.條件狀語從句：主將從現(xiàn).He will not leave if it isn t fine tomorrow.四、目的、結(jié)果狀語從句目的狀語從句是指在一個句子中充當(dāng)目的狀語的句子。結(jié)果狀語從句是指在一個句子中充當(dāng)結(jié)果狀語的句子目的狀語從何連接詞 so that, so- that

20、, in order that引導(dǎo)。結(jié)果狀語從何連接詞 so - that, such that, so much/many that 弓 I導(dǎo)。1. so - that 如此以至于He always studied so hard that he made great progress.2. so that 以至于 , 以便于I ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. 目的()3. suchi - that 如此以至It s

21、 such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.4. in order that=so that 為了We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.5. 比較：so 和 such其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so 還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few,much, little 連用，形成固定搭配。so nice a

22、flower such a nice flowerso many / few flowers such nice flowersso many people such a lot of people(so many已成固定搭配，a lot of雖相當(dāng)于 many, 1 a lot of為名詞性的， 只能用such搭配。)難點so+形容詞或副詞so+形+a(an)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞so +many /few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞so +much/ little+不可數(shù)名詞sothat與such- that皆可引導(dǎo)目的地狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句。The boy is so young that he can t

23、 go to school.He is such a young boy that he can t go to schoolso +adj/adv.+ tha，t such +n.+ that 以上兩種句型都表示結(jié)果so為副詞，后接形容詞，副詞原型，可數(shù)名詞前有many, few;不可數(shù)名詞前有much, little 修飾時，應(yīng)采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n.such 為形容詞, 后只能接名詞。這名詞既可以地可數(shù)的，也可以是不可數(shù)的。如果這名詞是可數(shù)的,則必須在名詞前加不定冠詞a(an). 常見的形式是:such a(beautiful)garden

24、, such(nice)people.五、讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句是指在句子中作讓步的狀語的句子連接詞：though, although., whetheor not難點：though, although 當(dāng)“雖然”講，都不能和 but 連用.Although/though - but 的格式是不對的.但是他們都可以同 yet (still)連用.所以thought (although)- yet（still）的格式是正確的.Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.Right : Although he is rich, yet he is

25、 not happy.雖然他很富有, 然而他并不快樂.Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as childrenRight : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.盡管我們已經(jīng)長大了,可是我們的父母仍把我們看作小孩.although, though 辨析although不能作并列連詞，although不能作副詞，放在詞尾表示強調(diào)時要用eventhough.1） Even though I didn t under a wor

26、d, I kept smiling. 盡管典型例題2） _she is young, she knows quite a lot.A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless3） ever if, even though. 即使We ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.4） whetherr - or not 不管者BWhether you believe it or not, it is true.no matter 從句結(jié)構(gòu)："no matter +特殊疑問詞疑問詞+陳述語序"或

27、"特殊疑問詞+后綴ever+陳述語序 "No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替換： no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoeverno matter when = wheneverno matter where = whereverno matter which = whicheverno matter how = however注意： no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。（錯） No m

28、atter what you say is not useful now.（對） Whatever you say is not useful now. 你現(xiàn)在說什么也沒用了。（Whatever you say是主語從句）（錯）Prisoners have to eat no matter what the y re given,（對）Prisoners have to eat whatever the y re given. 囚犯們只能給什么吃什么定語從句定語是指在句子中用來修飾名詞、代詞的成分定語從句是指在一個句子中作定語的句子，定語從句要放在所修飾的詞后如： I have met the

29、 doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.定語從句的連接詞：1 .連接代詞：who、 which、 whom、 whose、 that2 .連接副詞：when、 where、 why選用連接詞的關(guān)鍵是看先行詞（定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞）一、連接代詞的選用：1. who 指人，先行詞為人,在從句中做主語Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom 指人，先行詞為人,在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，常可省略。Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the

30、bus.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom 在口語和非正式語體中常用who 代替，可省略。3. which 指物，先行詞為物,在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人時，相當(dāng)于 who或者whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于 which。在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.Where is the man that/whom I saw

31、 this morning?5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語,譯成".的 "He has a friend whose father is a doctor.指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? = Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?介詞+連接代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句連接代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時,從句常由介詞+連接代詞引導(dǎo)The school (that/which) he once studied in is

32、very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.注意： 1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take careof 等This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2 .若介詞放在連接代詞前，連接代詞指人時用whom,不可用who或者that;指物時用which,不能用that;連接代詞是所有格時用 whoseThe man

33、 with whom you talked is my friend.The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)3 . “介詞 + 連接代詞” 前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, fewf代詞或者數(shù)詞He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have

34、gone bad.There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities二、連接副詞的選用：1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語I still remember the day when I first came to the school.2. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語Shanghai is the city where I was born.3. why 指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語Please tell me the reason why you missed

35、the plane.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.三、判斷關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的方法: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞

36、在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀）例 1. Is this the museum you visited a few days ago?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例 2. Is this the museum the exhibition was held?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞 （who, whom, that, which, whose）;先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where地點狀語，

37、when時間狀語，why原因狀語）四、介詞+連接詞用法說明1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2） that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間，地點或原因狀語的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞 when ,where和 why 互換如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you

38、 joined our club?This is the reason why he came late.This is the reason for which hecame late.五.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句舉例：china is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語從旬舉例：his mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.要注意區(qū)分以下幾個句子的不同his brother who is now a doctor always encourages him

39、 to go to college.他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學(xué)。（他還有其他的哥哥）his brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學(xué)。（他只有一個哥哥）關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1. as和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。（1） he married her, as/which was natural.（2） he was honest,

40、 as/which we can see.2 . as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一 個主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有 正如，正像”的意思as is known to all, china is a developing country.he is from the south, as we can see from his accent.john, as you know, is a famous writer.he has been to paris more than several times, which i

41、don't believe.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，常用 whichtom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3 .當(dāng)先行次受such, the sam幽飾時，常用asi have never heard such a story as he tells.he is not such a fool as he looks.this is the same book as i lost last week.注意：當(dāng)先行次由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是和由as所

42、引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同she wore the same dress that she wore at mary's wedding.她穿著她在mary婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。she wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。the way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.but有時也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句there are very

43、 few but understand his idea. （ but= who don't ）定語從句只能用that的幾種情況1 . 當(dāng)先行詞是 anything, everything, nothing （something 除外），few, all, none, little, some等代詞時，或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, muchly修飾時 Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?All that can be done has been done.Th

44、ere is little that I can do for you.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用 whoAny man that/who has a sense of duty won ' t do such a thing.2 .當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3 .當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時This is the best film that I have seen.4 .當(dāng)形容詞被the very, the only修飾時This is the very goo

45、d dictionary that I want to buy,當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用 whoWang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting5 .當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時Who is the man that is standing there?6 .當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?同位語從句（一）一般來說，在主從復(fù)合句中，用作同位語的從句叫

46、同位語從句。它通常跟在某些名詞之后，用以說明或解釋該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容?？梢愿徽Z從句的名詞通常有：advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word消息）,problem, question, doubt, thoughtThey were delighted atthe news that their team had won.有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在被說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。 如：The though

47、t came to him that Tom might have returned the book.（二）引導(dǎo)詞1. The newsthat Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.2. He hasn t made the deciwsihoenther he will go there.3. The questionwho should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.4. I have no ideawhat the boy is doing in the next r

48、oom now.5. We haven ytet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation this year.6. I have no ideahow I can get to the railway station.7. I have no ideawhen he will be back小結(jié)：that引導(dǎo)同位語從何時無詞義，也不充當(dāng)任何成分，但通常不可以省略，如句1；whether引導(dǎo)同位語從何時意為 是否”，通常不能用if來代替，如旬2;連接代詞who, what等可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，如何

49、3, 4;連接副詞 where, how, when等可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，如何5, 6, 7。（三 ） that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句和定語從句 意義不同：同位語從句用來進一步說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容；而定語從句用來修飾、限定前面的先行詞。試比較：1. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.2. The news that you told us is really encouraging.that的功能不同：that引導(dǎo)同位語從何時是一個純連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分；而引導(dǎo)定語從句時，不僅起連接作用，而且還指代先行詞并在從

50、句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語等成分。試比較：1. Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test.2. Dad made a promise that excited all his children. 可否省略：that 在引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，通常不可省略。在引導(dǎo)定語從句時，若在從句中作賓語，通?？梢允÷?，若作主語則不可以省略。主語從句1由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從何:引導(dǎo)詞that無含義，在句中不做成分，不可以省。That you will win the medal seems unlik

51、ely. 你想獲得獎牌看起來是不可能的。2用連詞whether引導(dǎo)的主語從何:whether有含義（是否），在句中不做成分，不可 以省。Whether she is coming or not doesn t matter too much. 她來不來都無關(guān)緊要。3 用連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句（在由連接代詞who, whose, whom, which, what,whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever弓I導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中，其連接代詞在句 中起名詞性作用，擔(dān)當(dāng)一定成分）.What you need is more practice.你所需要的是更多的訓(xùn)練。W

52、hatever we do is to serve the people.我們無論做什么都是為人民服務(wù)。4用連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從何（其連接副詞有含義，在句中作狀語。）Where we should leave it is a problem.注意1 . it 做形式主語,而將主語從句放在句末（尤其是當(dāng)謂語較短時）。That light travels in straight lines is known to all.=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.眾所周知光沿直線傳播

53、。（當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的主語從何表示“的東西”時，一般不用it作形式主語。）錯 :It is a book what he wants.對 :What he wants is a book. 他想要的是本書。固定用法和譯法（ 1） It is +名詞+從句It is a fact that 事實是It is good news that是好消息It is a question that 是個問題It is common knowledge that 是常識類彳以的名詞還有： a pity; a wonder； a good thing; no wonder； surprise等。（ 2） It i

54、s +形容詞+從句It is necessary that 有必要It is clear that 很清楚It is likely that 很可能It is important that 重要的是類似的形容詞還有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible;17 / 16unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.（ 3） It is +過去分詞+從句It is sa

55、id that 據(jù)說It is reported that 據(jù)報道It has been proved that 已證明It must be proved that 必須指出類似的過去分詞還有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted;discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.當(dāng) “及物動詞+ 賓語 ”較短時，也可用這種結(jié)構(gòu)。It shocked me that Peter did not tell any

56、body where he was.讓我吃驚的是彼得沒有告訴任何人他在哪里。2 .只用whether不用if引導(dǎo)主語從句.表語從句一 . 在復(fù)合句中作表語的從句, 就叫做表語從句。表語從句一般放在系動詞之后,結(jié)構(gòu)是 “主語 +系動詞+表語從句”。連系動詞：be動詞、表示持續(xù)的系動詞（keep, remain, stay、感官動詞feel（摸 起來，感覺），smell（聞起來），sound（聽起來），taste（嘗起來，吃起來）等、表示變 化的系動詞（become, grow, turn, fall, get, go）、表終止的系動詞 prove, turn out（結(jié) 果是，證明是證明是）、seem, appear（看起來 ）連系動詞通常不用于被動語態(tài)和進行時態(tài)中。He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.他已經(jīng)成為了他10 年前想成為的。