梁莊鄉(xiāng)一中邊旭珍音標(biāo)

1、初一英語音標(biāo)教學(xué)初一英語音標(biāo)教學(xué)Welcome to our class？Ask and answer:為什么為什么要要學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)？學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)？ 文字是聲音的象形符號(hào)，語言是先有聲音，文字是聲音的象形符號(hào)，語言是先有聲音，后有文字的。因此，每當(dāng)我們碰到一個(gè)字，后有文字的。因此，每當(dāng)我們碰到一個(gè)字，一個(gè)詞，一個(gè)短語或者一個(gè)句子時(shí)，我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)詞，一個(gè)短語或者一個(gè)句子時(shí)，我們?cè)谀X海里首先念出的就是它的發(fā)音。英語發(fā)音腦海里首先念出的就是它的發(fā)音。英語發(fā)音是英語學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)，只有熟練掌握英語發(fā)音，是英語學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)，只有熟練掌握英語發(fā)音，才能從本質(zhì)上提高聽說能力，真正將英語變才能從本質(zhì)上提高聽說能力，真正將英語

2、變?yōu)槟愕臑槟愕摹暗诙刚Z第二母語”。 好音標(biāo)是拼讀單詞的基礎(chǔ)，如果能準(zhǔn)確好音標(biāo)是拼讀單詞的基礎(chǔ)，如果能準(zhǔn)確的讀出每個(gè)音標(biāo)，即使是沒有學(xué)過的單詞，的讀出每個(gè)音標(biāo)，即使是沒有學(xué)過的單詞，根據(jù)音標(biāo)也能自己讀出來。因此學(xué)好音標(biāo)是根據(jù)音標(biāo)也能自己讀出來。因此學(xué)好音標(biāo)是學(xué)好英語的前提。學(xué)好英語的前提。音素和國際音標(biāo) 1什么是音素：字母在單詞中的發(fā)音。2音素的分類：元音和輔音。3音素的個(gè)數(shù)：共個(gè)，元音音素20個(gè)，輔 音音 素4828個(gè)。4什么是音標(biāo)：記錄音素的符號(hào)叫做音標(biāo)。元音和輔音的定義：發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶振 動(dòng)，呼出的氣流通過口腔時(shí)不受阻礙，這樣形成的語音稱為元音。不論聲帶振動(dòng)與否，發(fā)音時(shí)呼出的氣流通過口腔或鼻

3、腔時(shí)受到一定的阻礙，這樣形成的語音稱為輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)的輔音稱為清輔音。發(fā)音聲帶振動(dòng)的輔音稱為濁輔音。 分類：英語中共有48個(gè)音標(biāo)，元音20個(gè)，輔音28個(gè)。 元音（20個(gè)） 長元音/:/:/ :/ / /i:/u:/ 短元音/ /e/ 雙元音 /e/ / /e/ /a/ / / / /a/ 輔音（28個(gè)） 清輔音: /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/ / /s/ / / h/ /t/ /tr/ /ts 濁輔音: /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ / /z/ / / r/ /d/ /dr/ /dz/ 鼻音: /m/ /n/ / 半元音:/ j/ w/ 邊音: / /國際音標(biāo)IPA-Inter

4、national Phonetic Alphabet i: i:發(fā)音要訣：舌尖抵下齒，舌前部向硬發(fā)音要訣：舌尖抵下齒，舌前部向硬腭盡量抬起，上下唇以及齒靠近但不腭盡量抬起，上下唇以及齒靠近但不接觸。舌頭與唇肌拉緊將這個(gè)音發(fā)出接觸。舌頭與唇肌拉緊將這個(gè)音發(fā)出并且拉長。嘴唇向兩邊張開成微笑狀。并且拉長。嘴唇向兩邊張開成微笑狀。發(fā)出該音的字母以及組合發(fā)出該音的字母以及組合: e ee ea i i 發(fā)音要訣：舌前部向硬腭抬起，放發(fā)音要訣：舌前部向硬腭抬起，放在上下齒之間，比發(fā)長元音時(shí)稍低，在上下齒之間，比發(fā)長元音時(shí)稍低，嘴唇張開，放松，舌頭不必緊繃，嘴唇張開，放松，舌頭不必緊繃，盡力將音發(fā)的短而且清

5、晰。盡力將音發(fā)的短而且清晰。發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：i e : :發(fā)音要訣：這個(gè)發(fā)音在口的中間位置完發(fā)音要訣：這個(gè)發(fā)音在口的中間位置完成。舌側(cè)觸及牙齒，舌的中間部位向下成。舌側(cè)觸及牙齒，舌的中間部位向下靠近下顎，舌片及舌尖卷曲使得尾音兒靠近下顎，舌片及舌尖卷曲使得尾音兒化。它是重讀音標(biāo)?；?。它是重讀音標(biāo)。發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：er ir ur ear or 發(fā)音要訣：這個(gè)發(fā)音在口的中間位置發(fā)音要訣：這個(gè)發(fā)音在口的中間位置完成。舌側(cè)觸及牙齒，舌的中間部位完成。舌側(cè)觸及牙齒，舌的中間部位向下靠近下顎，它是非重讀音標(biāo)。向下靠近下顎，它是非重讀音標(biāo)。發(fā)

6、該音的字母及字母組合：發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：a o e i ure 總結(jié)前四個(gè)音標(biāo)發(fā)發(fā) i:的字母以及組合的字母以及組合: e ee ea 發(fā)發(fā) i 的字母及字母組合：的字母及字母組合：i e發(fā)發(fā):的字母及字母組合：的字母及字母組合：er ir ur ear or 發(fā)發(fā) 的字母及字母組合：的字母及字母組合：a o e i ure : : 發(fā)音要訣：將舌根抬起并且緊繃，舌尖離發(fā)音要訣：將舌根抬起并且緊繃，舌尖離開下齒，嘴唇呈圓形，雙唇收?qǐng)A稍向前突開下齒，嘴唇呈圓形，雙唇收?qǐng)A稍向前突出。出。 發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：u oo ui 發(fā)音要訣：舌根稍微抬起，舌尖離發(fā)音要訣：

7、舌根稍微抬起，舌尖離開下齒，舌頭放松，嘴唇略圓。它開下齒，舌頭放松，嘴唇略圓。它的發(fā)音舌位要比長元音的發(fā)音舌位要比長元音:低。低。發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：u oo ee舌尖抵下齒，舌前部稍微抬起，嘴舌尖抵下齒，舌前部稍微抬起，嘴不要張?zhí)?，上下齒間距寧可偏小。不要張?zhí)?，上下齒間距寧可偏小。發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：e ea 發(fā)音要訣：雙唇向兩旁平伸，成扁平發(fā)音要訣：雙唇向兩旁平伸，成扁平形，舌尖抵下齒，上下齒之間可容納形，舌尖抵下齒，上下齒之間可容納食指和中指。發(fā)音時(shí)舌位低，不與上食指和中指。發(fā)音時(shí)舌位低，不與上齒接觸，發(fā)出的音悅耳動(dòng)聽。齒接觸，

8、發(fā)出的音悅耳動(dòng)聽。發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：a發(fā)音要訣：舌頭后部的靠前部分稍微發(fā)音要訣：舌頭后部的靠前部分稍微抬起，舌尖和舌端兩側(cè)觸及下齒。雙抬起，舌尖和舌端兩側(cè)觸及下齒。雙唇向兩旁平伸。唇向兩旁平伸。發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：o ou : :發(fā)音要訣：舌頭置于口腔底部，口發(fā)音要訣：舌頭置于口腔底部，口腔完全張開，但是不成圓形。腔完全張開，但是不成圓形。發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：a al 發(fā)音要訣：舌頭置于口腔底部，口腔發(fā)音要訣：舌頭置于口腔底部，口腔完全張開，但是不成圓形。然后將舌完全張開，但是不成圓形。然后將舌身再稍稍向后縮。

9、身再稍稍向后縮。發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合：a al : : 發(fā)音要訣：舌頭置于口腔底部，口腔發(fā)音要訣：舌頭置于口腔底部，口腔完全張開，但是不成圓形。然后將舌完全張開，但是不成圓形。然后將舌身再稍稍向后縮。舌后部比短元音身再稍稍向后縮。舌后部比短元音抬的稍高。雙唇也收的更圓更小。抬的稍高。雙唇也收的更圓更小。發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合發(fā)該音的字母及字母組合:au ore our oar oor aw or consonants輔音 When we mentioned consonants, voiceless and voiced consonants come to our

10、mind at the first time. However, from the view of the linguists, they can be further divided into several groups. Explosion(爆破音) Fricative consonants(摩擦音) Affricate consonants(破擦音) Lateral consonants(舌邊音) Nasal consonants(鼻音) As we mainly talked about the basic knowledge here, so we simply divide th

11、em into voiced, voiceless and other consonants /p/ / t/ / k/ /f/s/ / / h/ /ts/t/tr/ /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ / /z/ / / r/ /dz/ /d/dr/ /m/ /n/ / / j/ / w/ / / 清輔音清輔音p p 和濁輔音和濁輔音bb 雙唇爆破輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)雙唇緊閉，憋住氣，然后突然分開，氣流沖出口腔，發(fā)出爆破音。/p/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/b/是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。/p/： piano panda parrot pet ship sheep pig stop apple happy poli

12、ce please chips, jump, shop /b/ ：book ball bird big boy bag banana rubber rabbit cabbage blue bring Sentences: Practice makes perfect. Paul plays the piano perfectly. Do you prefer peaches or pineapples? Tongue twister: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper. Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pick

13、led pepper? If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper, Wheres the peck of pickled pepper Peter Piper picked? Sentences： Youd better behave! Barry found a big bug in his bed. Bob brought us some bread but no butter Lets try to make the impossible possible Pat has a Polish pen pal called Peter Di

14、d you pay for the book Pride and Prejudice Peel the pineapple and I will prepare the pineapple pie.清輔音清輔音t t 和濁輔音和濁輔音dd 舌齒爆破輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖抵上齒齦，憋住氣，然后突然分開，使氣流沖出口腔，發(fā)出爆破音。/t/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/d/是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。 /t/ ：table tea taxi cat rat fat ticket butter twin twinkle /d/： duck seed door desk day red head bed Sentences

15、: So you have a needle and thread? The doorman told David to go down. Does your doctor get paid on Friday?Tongue twister:This is a hat, that is a cap.This is a cat, that is a rat.The cat is in the hat, the rat is in the cap. I live in the downtown area of the city Not at all Its just a waste of time

16、! Whats the date today? He has a daughter and two brothers. I get into bed about ten thirty every day清輔音清輔音k k 和濁輔音和濁輔音gg 舌后軟顎爆破輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌后部隆起緊貼軟顎，憋住氣，然后突然分開，氣流送出口腔，形成爆破音。/k/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/ g /是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。 /k/ : cap cook cup car can class : cook milk key desk kite cake : clock sock cock neck / g / glass gol

17、f get girl bag goat flag Sentences： Dont kick the kitten. Kate is flying a kite in the sky. Cut your coat according to your cloth. Mike paid a halfcrown to cover the cost of the cleaning. Sentences: He is digging in his garden. Maggie played the game again and again. A cat may look at the king A goo

18、d beginning makes a good ending The kids often go hiking during the weekends清輔音清輔音ff和濁輔音和濁輔音vv 唇齒摩擦輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)下唇輕觸上齒，氣流由唇齒間通過，形成摩擦音。/f/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/v/是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。 /f/ ：five fan flower fish four leaf phone elephant photo laugh cough /v/ : video vase vest five love violin van volcano victory Sentences: If I f

19、eel better on Friday, Ill go to my friends party. If you buy fish, make sure its fresh. If Fred laughs, he looks funny. Sentences: Five and seven make twelve. All English vowels are voiced. Therere some very fine views down the valley. Fortune favors the brave Dont always follow the fashion I like v

20、ery wet weather very much Id prefer a face-to-face talk with my friend清輔音清輔音ss和濁輔音和濁輔音zz 舌齒摩擦輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌端靠近齒齦，氣流由舌端齒齦間送出，形成摩擦音。/s/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/z/是濁浦音，聲帶振動(dòng)。 /s/ :star sun snake sea see pencil city cedar ceiling celebrate grass glass class boss face race rice nice Tongue twister: Sally sells sea shells on

21、the seashore, the shells she sells are seashells Im sure. /z/ ：zero zebra zoo bags photos sisters nose rose freeze busy shoes Sentence: Those zebras are lazy. What size of shoes does Daisy wear? 清輔音清輔音 和濁輔音和濁輔音 發(fā)音時(shí)舌端靠近齒齦后部，舌身抬起靠近上鄂，雙唇稍收?qǐng)A并略突出。氣流通過時(shí)形成摩擦音。/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)； / /是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。 / ：sugar sure shop s

22、he ship sheep wash cash shell watch shirt shelf brush sleep shape street Sentences: Wash the fish. She bought some nice shirts for Mr Bush. / / ：television, usually, measure a garage, an unusual collision; a great decision; my pleasure Phrases: To measure the garage To make a decision My pleasure. A

23、s usual清輔音清輔音hh 聲門摩擦輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)氣流送出口腔，口形隨其后的元音而變化。/h/是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng) 。 /h/ ：he her head heart hair ham hole hair who whose whom wholesale Sentences: Hold her hands. This is a habit harmful to human health.濁輔音濁輔音rr 雙唇略突出，舌尖向上卷，聲帶振動(dòng)。 / r/ :rice room ride road rose river robot rope mirror carrot parrot write wro

24、ng wrap bread crown Phrases: Rock and roll Radio broadcast Ready to read and write.清輔音清輔音 和濁輔音和濁輔音 舌齒摩擦輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖輕觸上齒背，氣流由舌齒間送出，形成摩擦音。 /是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)； /是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。（切記 舌頭放在牙齒中間）/th組合組合: throw, thank，think，thick thought， thirsty，three, bath， faith，both，breath，mouth， Cloth, tenth, month, death Phrases: Three

25、 times three. To go south and north. Sentences： Thank you for your table cloth./th組合組合: father mother brother clothes weather feather they than those With Sentences: Dont bother them. Theres something wrong with the soup. Chant: This is used for one thing near, That means one thing over there. These

26、 and those mean two or more, Those are far and these are near. Thanks a lot Wish you both health and wealth There is something This one is smoother than that They will stick together through thick and thin清輔音清輔音 t 和濁輔音和濁輔音 d 舌端齒齦破擦輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌身抬高，舌端抵上齒齦后部，氣流通過時(shí)發(fā)出破擦音。/ t /是清輔音，聲帶不振動(dòng)；/ d /是濁輔音，聲帶振動(dòng)。 check,

27、 chain, chicken watch, catch, teach furniture, adventure, nature Christian, question He teaches children how to play chess. That Christian often goes to the church.gym， gently, giraffe, jeep， joke, jaw enjoy, jigsaw, jacket, jug, subject, huge, urge, knowledge, judge, soldier, courage, village, adva

28、ntageSentences:John likes to tell jokes.The village bridge was badly damaged in the heavy rain.清輔音清輔音trtr 和濁輔音和濁輔音drdr /tr/、/dr/分別是tr、dr的發(fā)音。齒齦后部破擦輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌身與/r/相似，舌尖貼齒齦后部，氣流沖破阻礙發(fā)出短促的/t/后立即發(fā)/r/。/tr/是清輔音，/dr/是濁輔音。tree, train, try, treat, truck, trip, true, trouble Sentences: Therere lots of tractors and

29、 trucks in the street. Try to translate these sentences. dry, dream, drop, dragon, hundred Sentences: He drove an expensive car in his dream. He likes strong drinks.清輔音清輔音tsts 和濁輔音和濁輔音dzdz /ts/、/dz/分別是字母組合ts和ds的讀音。舌端齒齦破擦輔音。舌端先貼住齒齦，堵住氣流，然后略下降，氣流送出口腔。/ts/是清輔音，/dz/是濁輔音。 shorts, sports, arts, cats, pets

30、, flutes, shirts, biscuits, boats, elephants, pilots, subjects, thats He visits /puts / wants / gets / eats / bites Phrases: Heavy jackets Chinese students Sentence: His job is to tastes dishes. weekends, beds, birds, friends, hands, He reads / rides / feeds / stands Phrases: Dirty hands Rubber band

31、s A pack of cards鼻音鼻音m n m n /m/-/m/是m的發(fā)音。雙唇緊閉，氣流從鼻腔送出。 /n/-/n/是n的發(fā)音。發(fā)音時(shí)舌尖抵上齒齦，軟顎下垂，氣流從鼻腔送出。 / /-/是ng的發(fā)音。發(fā)音時(shí)堵住口腔通道，氣流從鼻腔送出。聲帶振動(dòng)。 a:m arm sma:t smart nu:n noon n no si sing l long make, mat, mess, math, mouse, man, morning, jump, stomach, animal, woman, computer, small, smart, summer, dream, them, mu

32、m, time, name, warm, game, come, drum, some, welcome, classroom Sentences: Mom has many things to do at home. May I offer you some lemonade? Its not a matter of money but a matter of time. Some of us may stay till Monday. no , name, nine, nothing, seven, ten, green, open, down, crayon, pen, balloon, afternoon, can, on under pencil rainbow, window stand, thank, front, point, count, and, friend, Sentence: Noras new dress is