法律英語(yǔ)單詞分單元匯總

1、Unit 1 A 第一段1. jurisdiction 管轄區(qū)，管轄權(quán)2. legal family 法系3. civil law 大陸法系4. common law 普通法系，英美法系第四段1. legislation 立法2. case 案例3. the court of Chancery 衡平法院4. equity 衡平法5. petition 訴請(qǐng)（v.），申訴(n.)6. discretionary 自由裁量的第五段1. entrusted territories 托管領(lǐng)地2. impose 實(shí)施第六段1. arbitrator 仲裁員2. apply 適用第七段1.Privy Co

2、uncil 樞密院(英國(guó))第八段1. the Twelve Tables 十二銅表法2. citizen 市民第九段1. canon law 教會(huì)法2. Corpus Juris Civilis 民法大全3. Justinian Code 查士丁尼法典第十一段1. receive 繼受2. private law 私法P.121. civil code 民法典2. codification 法典化第十六段1. interpretation 解釋?zhuān)╦udicial interpretation 司法解釋?zhuān)?. law doctrine 法律教義課后填空題中的單詞1. draft 起草2. ina

3、lienable 不可剝奪的3. precedent 先例4. arbitration 仲裁5. binding 約束力6. redress 救濟(jì)7. grievance 伸冤8. the idea of legislative supremacy 立法的最高權(quán)威原則（立法至上原則）9. legitimate 合法的Unit 1 B第一段1. Empower 授權(quán) 2. Political entity 政治實(shí)體 3. decide controversies 判決爭(zhēng)議4. Obligation 義務(wù)，債務(wù) 5. tribunal 法庭6. Damage 損害賠償 7. breach of c

4、ontract 違約8. Advocate 辯護(hù)人，律師 第二段1. unpredictability 不可預(yù)測(cè)性2. Adjudication 裁決 第五段1. normative 規(guī)范的2. Precedent 先例 3. routine 程式，慣例4. Curb on抑制 5. adherence to 堅(jiān)持，遵守6. Arbitrariness 專(zhuān)制 第六段1. Abandonment of an outworn legal doctrine 摒棄過(guò)時(shí)的法律原則第七段1. Stare decisis 遵循先例 第八段1. Full-fledged precedent 充分有效的判例 B

5、inding precedent 有約束力的判例 Persuasive precedent 有勸導(dǎo)力的判例（沒(méi)有法律約束力）2. Territorial limitation 區(qū)域限制第九段1. identical 相同的第十段1. Trial courts 初審法院 intermediate appellate courts 中級(jí)上訴法院Court of last resort 終審法院第十一段1. Rres judicata 一案不再審2. Stare decisis 先例約束3. Reversal 撤銷(xiāo) overruling 推翻，否決第十二段:1.Plaintiff 原告 defend

6、ant 被告第十八段1. render the decision 判決2. Holding 裁定 3. dictum 意見(jiàn)（法官的附帶意見(jiàn)）第十九段1. Persuasive authority 說(shuō)服效力 課后習(xí)題：1. Lessor 出租人 lessee/tenant 租客，承租人Unit 2 A 第一段1. nomenclature 系統(tǒng)命名法，命名court nomenclature 法院名稱(chēng)2. hierarchical 等級(jí)制度的hierarchical structure 層級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)3. court of last resort 終審法院第二段1. trial court ( the

7、 court in the first instance )初審法院2. court of inferior jurisdiction 有限管轄權(quán)的法院3. justice of the peace court 治安官法院4. municipal court 市政法院第三段1. court of general jurisdiction 一般管轄權(quán)的法院第四段1. superior court 高級(jí)法院2. district court 地區(qū)法院3. circuit court 巡回法院4. court of common pleas 普通訴訟法院5. justice 大法官 judge 法官

8、第五段1. appellate court （Court of Appeals ）上訴法院2. supreme judicial court 最高審判法院3. supreme court of appeals 最高上訴法院4. tribunal 法庭5. merits 案件事實(shí)6. substantive law 實(shí)體法第六段1. day in court 出庭應(yīng)訴，出庭答辯2. matter of grace 法外開(kāi)恩，恩典3. existing statutes 現(xiàn)行成文法4. docket 訴訟事件表，案件排期表第七段1. discretion 自由裁量權(quán)2. screen out 篩選

9、strain out 過(guò)濾第八段1. federal court 聯(lián)邦法院2. interpretation 解釋權(quán)3. enforcement 實(shí)施權(quán)第九段1 intermediate appellate court ( called the Court of Appeals )中級(jí)上訴法院2 Claims Court 索賠法院3 Tax Court 稅務(wù)法院第十三段1. entertain 受理2. provision 條款3. diversity of citizenship 公民身份多樣性第十四段1. venue 審判地（從數(shù)個(gè)有管轄權(quán)的法院中選出來(lái)的那個(gè)審判法院）forum 有管轄權(quán)

10、的法院2. file a suit 提起訴訟（指民事起訴）第十五段1. actions at law 普通法訴訟2. cases in equity 衡平法案件3. promulgate 頒布，公布第十六段1. judicial circuit 巡回審判地區(qū)2. Court of Claims 索賠法院3. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals 海關(guān)與專(zhuān)利上訴法院第十七段1. en banc 全體法官聽(tīng)審2. summon 傳召，傳喚3. litigation 訴訟litigant 訴訟當(dāng)事人第十八段1. petition 訴請(qǐng)，申訴2. writ 令狀3.

11、certiorari 調(diào)卷令4. discretion 自由裁量權(quán)第十九段1. umpire 裁判員Unit 3 B 第一段1. The Supreme Court 最高法院2. Interpret the constitution 解釋?xiě)椃?. Judicial review 司法審查4. Render decisions 做出判決第二段1. State legislature 州立法機(jī)關(guān)2. Federal administrative agency 聯(lián)邦行政機(jī)構(gòu)第三段1. Constitutional review 憲法審查2. Partisan politics 黨派政治3. Just

12、ice of the peace 治安法官4. Vest 授予5. Ordain 任命6. Provision 規(guī)定7. Designate 指定 指派8. Hierarchy 等級(jí)9. Jurisdiction 管轄權(quán)10.Hear 審理11.Provision 款12.Precedence 先例13.Consensus 一致同意14.Intrigue 陰謀15.Consolidate 鞏固第四段1.Sectary of state 國(guó)務(wù)卿2.Affixing the seal 蓋國(guó)璽3.Senate 參議院4.Inadvertence 不注意5.Inaugurate 開(kāi)始任職6.Withh

13、old 撤回第五段1. A writ of mandamus 執(zhí)行令狀第六段1. The executive branch 行政部門(mén)2. Dilemma 兩難3. Acquiesce 默許第七段1. Ministerial detail內(nèi)閣主張第八段1. Original jurisdiction 初審管轄權(quán)2. The judiciary act 司法法3. Tour de force 精心杰作4. Grant 授予5. Relief 救濟(jì)6. Cede 放棄第九段1. Void 無(wú)效2. Mandamus 執(zhí)行令3. A government of limited powers 有限政府第

14、十一段1. Judicial duty 司法責(zé)任第十二段1. Syllogism 三段論第十三段1. Logical rigor 邏輯嚴(yán)密性第十四段1. Criminal proceeding 刑訴2. Thwart 阻礙，反對(duì)3. Rescind 解除4. the supremacy clause 最高條款第十五段1. Tenure 任期第十六段1. Futility 徒勞 無(wú)果而終2. Desegregate 廢除種族隔離第十七段1. Executive privilege 行政特權(quán)課后1. Separation of powers 三權(quán)分立2. Administrative regula

15、tion行政規(guī)章3. Statutory instrument法定文書(shū)4. Veto否決5. Interpretation字面解釋6. Construction上下文解釋7. Federalism聯(lián)邦制8. Statute法（特指）9. Act 法（泛指）10.Writ 文書(shū)11.Certiorari 移送命令 調(diào)卷令12.Servitude 服役13.Bill 法案14.Administrative regulation 行政法規(guī)（美國(guó)的用法）15.Statutory instrument 法定文件（英國(guó)的行政法規(guī)用詞）Unit 4 A 第一段1. omission 疏忽，懈怠，不作為（ne

16、gligence）2. Removal from public office 開(kāi)除公職3. Disqualification from holding public office 剝奪政治權(quán)利4. Probation 緩刑5. Restitution 返還原物，恢復(fù)原狀（monetary restitution 金錢(qián)賠償）第二段1. Press charges、bring charges、bring a suit 、file a suit 提起訴訟第三段1. State prosecutor 州檢察官2. Process the claim （claim=chargesuit）提起訴訟第五段1

17、. Execution 執(zhí)行死刑 （capital punishment 死刑）（以下為老師上課補(bǔ)充）3. Punitive damages 懲罰性損害賠償4. Exemplary damages 懲罰性損害賠償5. Award 裁定損害賠償金的判決 （相當(dāng)于sentence or make a judgment）第六段1. Assault 企圖傷害罪2. Battery 毆擊罪 （assault and battery 毆擊罪）第七段1. Apprehension 逮捕2. Miranda warnings 米蘭達(dá)警告3. Probable cause 合理的根據(jù)第八段1. Felony 重

18、罪2. Misdemeanor 輕罪3. Infraction 一般違法 （相當(dāng)于violation）第九段1. Transgression 違法2. Corroborative evidence 加強(qiáng)證據(jù)，實(shí)證證據(jù)，佐證3. Complaint 自訴起訴書(shū)4. Issuance of an arrest warrant 簽發(fā)逮捕令第十段1. Involuntary manslaughter 非預(yù)謀故意殺人，過(guò)失殺人 第十一段1. Motives 犯罪動(dòng)機(jī)1. Intent 犯罪意圖第十二段1. Strict liability 嚴(yán)格責(zé)任2. Acquittal 宣告無(wú)罪 第十四段1. A f

19、irst degree murder 一級(jí)謀殺2. Imbecile 低能者第十五段1. Mens rea 犯意2. Actus reus 犯罪行為3. Causation 因果關(guān)系第十六段1. The grossly negligent behavior 重大過(guò)失行為第十七段Hold-up 搶劫課后練習(xí)單詞1. Infamous crime 不名譽(yù)犯罪2. Infamy 聲名狼藉3. Ineligible 不適鉻4. Commence 開(kāi)始 （commencement 畢業(yè)典禮）5. Search or seizure 搜查或扣押6. Criminal sanction 刑事制裁7. Psy

20、chological pressure 心理壓力8. Requisite 必備的，必不可少的9. Model Panel Code 模范刑法典Unit 5 B 第一段1. Pretrial steps 審前程序第二段1. The bill of information 檢察官公訴書(shū) 2. Complaint 起訴書(shū)（針對(duì)misdemeanor）3. Law enforcement 執(zhí)法，法律實(shí)施4. The subject matter 訴訟標(biāo)的5. Magistrate 地方執(zhí)法官6. Be bound over 具結(jié)(bound over for trail法官接受公訴書(shū)后，被告會(huì)受審)7

21、. Misdemeanor 輕罪第三段1. The grand jury process 大陪審團(tuán)程序2. Appearance 出庭3. Refute 駁斥4. Put on a defense 提出抗辯第四段1. The arrest 逮捕2. Take a suspect into custody 拘捕嫌疑犯3. Charge 指控4. Official arrest warrant 正式逮捕令5. Probable cause 合理根據(jù)第五段1. Booking 登記備案2. Inventory search 物品清查3. Contraband 違禁品4. Preliminary in

22、vestigation 初步調(diào)查5. Seizure 扣押第六段1. The decision to prosecute （檢察官）公訴決定第七段1. The initial appearance 首次出庭2. Constitutional rights and guarantees 憲法權(quán)利和保證3. Bail 保釋金4. Nominal bail fee 名義擔(dān)保費(fèi)5. Released on ones own recognizance 自我保釋第八段1. Merit of the case 案件事實(shí) 1. A guilty plea 有罪答辯第九段1. The preliminary h

23、earing 預(yù)審程序2. A grand jury hearing 大陪審團(tuán)聽(tīng)證3. Reasonable doubt 合理懷疑4. Burden of proof 舉證責(zé)任5. Safeguard for the rights 權(quán)利保障6. Cross-examine 交叉詢(xún)問(wèn)7. Favorable evidence 有利證據(jù)第十段1. Adjudicate 判決2. Formal indictment 正式的起訴書(shū)（大陪審團(tuán)起訴書(shū)）第十一段1. The arraignment 傳訊2. Not guilty by reason of insanity 因精神病而無(wú)罪3. Nolo co

24、ntendere (no contest) 既不辯護(hù)也不認(rèn)罪4. File all relevant pretrial motions 提交所有相關(guān)的審前動(dòng)議第十三段1. Waive 放棄2. Bench trial 法官審判3. A plea bargain 辯訴交易，認(rèn)罪協(xié)議第十四段1. Voir dire 陪審團(tuán)資格審查2. Peremptory challenge 絕對(duì)回避（無(wú)因回避，但有人數(shù)限制）3. The challenge for cause 相對(duì)回避（有因回避，沒(méi)有人數(shù)限制）第十五段1. Opening statement 開(kāi)場(chǎng)陳述2. Mistrial 無(wú)效審判第十六段1.

25、 Acquit 無(wú)罪釋放2. Bad faith 惡意3. Reversible error 可撤銷(xiāo)判決的錯(cuò)誤第十七段1. The prosecutors case 控方舉證2. Presumption of innocence 無(wú)罪推定3. Tangible evident 有形證據(jù)（物證）第十八段1. Motion for directed verdict 指示裁決動(dòng)議第十九段1. The defendants presentation 被告辯護(hù)2. Testimonial 證人證言3. Take the stand and testify 站到證人席作證4. Self incrimina

26、tion 自證其罪5. Rebuttal （檢察官對(duì)被告方證據(jù)）駁斥6. Surrebuttal (rejoinder) （被告方對(duì)公訴方駁斥）反駁斥7. Rebut 反駁第二十段1. Closing argument 結(jié)案陳辭2. Summation 總結(jié)3. Extol the virtues of ones claim 肯定己方訴求真實(shí)性第二十一段1. Discrepancy 不一致，矛盾2. Claim for conviction 有罪主張第二十二段1. Refute 反駁2. Discredit witness 質(zhì)疑證人3. Discredit the case 質(zhì)疑案子本身（質(zhì)疑

27、控方舉證不足以起訴）第二十三段1. Jury instruction 陪審團(tuán)指示2. Charge the jury 陪審團(tuán)指示3. Submit 提交4. Standard jury instruction forms 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)陪審團(tuán)指示模板第二十四段1. The jury deliberation 陪審團(tuán)評(píng)議2. Venireman 陪審員3. Private conference chamber 秘密會(huì)議室4. Stenographer 速記員5. Acquiescence 緘默6. Apathy 冷漠（對(duì)裁決漠不關(guān)心）7. The toss of a coin 擲硬幣第二十五段1. Una

28、nimous 一致同意的2. Acquittal 無(wú)罪3. Conviction 有罪4. Double jeopardy 雙重追訴第二十六段1. The verdict 裁決，裁定2. Involuntary manslaughter 過(guò)失殺人3. Hung jury （因陪審團(tuán)不能達(dá)成一致裁定而造成的）無(wú)效審判第二十七段1. Sentence 判刑2. The state statute 州成文法律3. Suspension 停職4. Probation 緩刑5. Jail term 監(jiān)禁刑6. Fine 罰金7. Disqualification to hold public offic

29、e 開(kāi)除公職8. Capital punishment 死刑第二十八段1. The appeal 上訴2. Significant procedural error 重大程序錯(cuò)誤（可以構(gòu)成reversible error）3. Harmless error 無(wú)害錯(cuò)誤（對(duì)判決結(jié)果無(wú)影響的程序錯(cuò)誤）4. Procedural deficiency 程序錯(cuò)誤后面表格詞匯1. Preponderance of evidence 優(yōu)勢(shì)證據(jù)2. Prima facie case 初步案件3. Proof beyond a reasonable doubt 排除合理懷疑的證據(jù)后面練習(xí)題詞匯1. Overze

30、alous 過(guò)分熱心的2. Dual sovereignty 雙重主權(quán)（區(qū)別于double jeopardy）Unit 6 B 第一段1. lawsuit 訴訟2. substantive law/ procedural law 實(shí)體法/程序法3. will 遺囑 (make a last will stick 使遺囑生效)4. formality 手續(xù) (what formalities are necessary to make a last will stick)5. issue stock 發(fā)行股票6. lease or deed of land 土地租賃或轉(zhuǎn)讓契約 (lease租賃,

31、 leasor出租人, lessee承租人, leasehold 通過(guò)租賃而占有)第二段1. have standing to do 有資格 (whether a particular person has standing to bring a particular suit)2. afford the remedy 給予救濟(jì)3. courtmade juctice 法庭正義4. good procedures 正當(dāng)程序 (the road to.courtmade juctice is paved with good procedures)第四段1. the pleading stage

32、起訴階段2. client 當(dāng)事人3. ascertain 確認(rèn)，查明4. be prone to (=incline to) 傾向于第五段1. emotion distress 精神損害2. personal injury 人身傷害3. property damage 財(cái)產(chǎn)損失第六段1. can be proved in court 在法庭上可被證實(shí)2. state a claim 訴訟請(qǐng)求3. allege (claim/allege/ascertain) 主張4. renege 食言，反悔5. breach of contract 合同違約, 違反合同約定(state a claim f

33、or breach of contract 合同違約之訴)6. norm 規(guī)范7. a true account 如實(shí)報(bào)道8. file bankruptcy 申請(qǐng)破產(chǎn)9. invation of privacy 侵犯隱私第七段1. the amount of money 標(biāo)的額2. residence 住所3. subject matter jurisdiction 事務(wù)管轄權(quán)，事項(xiàng)管轄權(quán)，對(duì)事管轄權(quán)4. personal jurisdiction 屬人管轄權(quán)，對(duì)人管轄權(quán)5. the person sued = defendant 被告6. render the judgment (rend

34、er = give) 作出判決第八段1. service of process 送達(dá)程序 (service of process on the defendant 向被告送達(dá)程序)2. initiate the lawsuilt 啟動(dòng)訴訟，提起訴訟3. summons 傳票 (serve a summons 送達(dá)傳票)4. complaint 起訴狀 (serve a complaint 送達(dá)起訴狀)5. Civil Procedure 民事訴訟程序第九段1. pleading 主張 (the comlaint is the pleading in which the plaintiff st

35、ates the facts) 2. cause of action 訴訟理由，訴因，訴由 (constitute a cause of action 構(gòu)成訴訟理由)第十一段1. interval 期間 (a proper interval)2. default judgment 缺席判決 (enter a default judgment)3. collect 執(zhí)行 (collect against your client's property)第十二段1. motion 動(dòng)議2. motion to dismiss 申請(qǐng)撤銷(xiāo)3. demurrer 抗辯4. recover 賠償 (

36、permit X to recover against F on those facts)第十三段1. answer 答辯 (serve/file an answer 作出答辯)2. general denial 全部否認(rèn) (qualified/specific denial)3. issue 爭(zhēng)議，問(wèn)題 第十四段1. affirmative defense 積極抗辯 (serve/file an affirnative defense)2. a plea by way of confession and avoidance 自認(rèn)其罪又持異議的抗辯3. statute of limitatio

37、ns 訴訟時(shí)效第十五段1. grant/deny a motion 允許/否決動(dòng)議 (motion granted/denied 被允許/否決的動(dòng)議)2. replead 二次申訴第十六段1. controvert 否定, 反對(duì), 對(duì)持異議2. negligent/negligence 過(guò)失3. impair 損害第十八段1. bench trial 法官審判 (jury trial 陪審團(tuán)審判)第二十段1. opening statement 開(kāi)庭陳述 (closing statement/argument 結(jié)案陳辭)第二十一段1. direct/cross examination 直接/交

38、叉提問(wèn)2. inadmissible 不可采信的 (admit, admission, admissible, inadmissible)3. except 不同意 (defendant will "except" to the rulling and so preserve her right)第二十三段1. testimony 證人證詞 (direct testimony and cross-examination of witnesses)2. exceptions 保留意見(jiàn) (objections to the evidence and exceptions to

39、the court' rulling)第二十四段1. burden of proof 舉證責(zé)任2. assert 主張，堅(jiān)稱(chēng)第二十五段2. sum up 結(jié)案陳詞 (=closing statement/argument)第二十六段1. charge to the jury 對(duì)陪審團(tuán)的指示 (jury instructions)2. the instruction stage (instruction = charge) 指示階段3. applicable 可適用的4. find 確認(rèn)，認(rèn)定 (if you the jury find that the defendant sent t

40、he postcards)5. bring in a verdict 作出裁決6. a reasonable person “理性人”（具有一般智商的普通人）7. impair 妨礙 (his emotional distress would impair his ability to drive)第二十七段 1. draft 草案，草稿2. submit 提交 (submit the draft instructions to the judge)3. record objections 記錄反對(duì)意見(jiàn)4. erroneous 錯(cuò)誤的 (an erroneous statement of th

41、e law)第二十八段1. in substance 實(shí)質(zhì)上2. tort action 侵權(quán)第二十九段1. retire for deliberation 退席評(píng)議2. general verdict 一般裁決，概括裁決 第三十段1. terminology and practice 理論與實(shí)踐第三十一段1. judgment notwithstanding the verdict (judgment non obstante verdicto) (judgment n.o.v) (j.n.o.v) (grant judgment n.o.v ) 不顧陪審團(tuán)裁決的判決, 直接審判 (法官認(rèn)為

42、案件事實(shí)清楚不需交付陪審團(tuán)而直接作出的判決)2. judgment as a matter of law (JMOL) 直接審判 (聯(lián)邦法院的叫法)3. jury finding 陪審團(tuán)裁定第三十二段1. set aside 推翻 (=overrule) (set aside the verdict = disregard the verdict2. grant a new trial 重新審判3. sufficiency of the evidence 證據(jù)充分性4. time-honored 歷久彌新5. a minimum amount of evidence 基本證據(jù) 6. scint

43、illa 一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，微乎其微第三十三段1. move for 提出申請(qǐng) (move for a new trial)2. rule in 認(rèn)定 (rule in evidence)3. misconduct 行為不當(dāng)4. excessive damages 過(guò)高賠償金第三十四段1. award the verdict 作出裁決2. notice 告知，申請(qǐng) (notice of appeal)第三十五段1. execution of the judgment 執(zhí)行判決2. writ 權(quán)利(=right) (the plaintiff obtains a writ from the court d

44、irecting the sheriff to seize property of the defendant)3. seize/seizure 扣押 (seize the property)第三十六段1. debtor 債務(wù)人2. compliance 遵從，服從第三十八段1. retry 重審2. the case on its merits 案件實(shí)質(zhì)，案件相關(guān)事實(shí)3. scrutiny 審查 (=review) 4. the transcript of the testimony 庭審筆錄5. exhibits 證物6. briefs 上訴意見(jiàn) 第三十九段1. circulate 傳閱

45、(the draft opinion will be circulated for initialing)2. initial 草簽 (本意"首字母"，即草簽只簽名字首字母)3. concurring opinions 附隨意見(jiàn)4. dissenting opinions 不同意見(jiàn)第四十段1. rule 裁定，裁決 (trial judges can avoid eroror in every rulling in a complicated case)2. the leisure of hindsight 后見(jiàn)之明 (hindsight 后見(jiàn)；foresight 前見(jiàn))3

46、. warrant 確保，保證 (v.) (Should all such errors warrant reversal by the apprellate court ?)4. cure 糾正 (the errors are "cured" by subsequent events)5. prejudicial 損壞性的 (prejudice 損害；with/without prejudice 在有/無(wú)損害前提下；dismissal with/without prejudice 永久性駁回起訴/非永久性駁回起訴,可補(bǔ)正之撤銷(xiāo)訴訟)課后練習(xí)題詞匯1. in rem jur

47、isdiction 對(duì)物管轄權(quán)/ in personam jurisdiction (= personal jurisdiction) 對(duì)人管轄權(quán), 屬人權(quán)2. juvenile 青少年 / minor 未成年 (juvenile delinquency青少年越軌行為)3. deposition 口頭質(zhì)詢(xún) / interrogatory 書(shū)面質(zhì)詢(xún) (都屬于discovery證據(jù)發(fā)掘階段)4. nonresident 非本州居民5. have certain minimum contacts with 最低限度聯(lián)系 (long-arm jurisdiction 長(zhǎng)臂管轄權(quán) / long-arm

48、statute 長(zhǎng)臂法)6. probative matter 提供證明的事項(xiàng)，有證明力的內(nèi)容7. adversary/inquisitorial trial 對(duì)抗式庭審/糾問(wèn)式審判 8. special/general verdict 特別裁決/一般裁決9. bench/jury trial 法官審判/陪審團(tuán)審判10. court clerk 法庭書(shū)記員11. concurrent 競(jìng)合12. probate 遺囑檢驗(yàn)13. executrix (female administrator) 女執(zhí)行人Unit8A第一段1. civil wrongs 民事不法行為2. tortious act

49、侵權(quán)行為3. act 作為4. omission不作為5. personal interest人身利益 6. property interest財(cái)產(chǎn)利益7. intent 故意 8. negligence過(guò)失 9. inadvertence疏忽，不小心 （沒(méi)有盡到注意義務(wù)）10. mistake誤解 錯(cuò)誤第二段1. liability責(zé)任 義務(wù) 2. tort liability 侵權(quán)責(zé)任 3. contract liability合同責(zé)任4. damages賠償金5. remedies救濟(jì)第三段1. intentional torts 故意侵權(quán)2. negligent torts過(guò)失侵權(quán)3.

50、 state of mind 主觀心態(tài)4. circumstantial evidence間接證據(jù) 環(huán)境證據(jù)（行為時(shí)的客觀情況）第四段1. personal torts 人身侵權(quán)2. property torts財(cái)產(chǎn)侵權(quán)3. assault威脅a threatened or attempted physical attack by someone who appears to be able to cause bodily harm if not stopped4. battery攻擊an assault in which the assailant makes physical contac

51、t5. false imprisonment非法拘禁6. trespass to land 非法侵入土地7. trespass to chattels非法侵入動(dòng)產(chǎn)8. layperson 法外之人第六段1. confinement監(jiān)禁 拘禁2. false imprisonment 非法拘禁第八段1. commitment order拘禁令第九段1. alcoholism酒精中毒2 .detention拘留 扣留第十段1. the right to exclusive possession of the land對(duì)土地的排他性占有權(quán)第十一段1. prima facie case初步證明的案件第

52、十四段1. expire 到期 期滿(mǎn)第十五段1. standard of care注意標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2. reasonable person standard理性人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)3. duty of care注意義務(wù)4. assumption of the risk自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)第十八段1. proximate cause最近原因2. public policy argument 公序良俗論辯理由第十九段1. foreseeability可預(yù)見(jiàn)性2. actionable可起訴的第二十段1. intervening causes介入因素第二十一段1. contributory negligence共同過(guò)失 2. com

53、parative negligence比較過(guò)失3. recovery救濟(jì) 賠償金第二十二段1. automobile accidents交通事故第二十三段1. pure comparative negligence 純比例比較過(guò)失2. partial comparative negligence部分比較過(guò)失第二十五段1. unreasonable conduct不當(dāng)行為2. voluntary consent自愿同意第二十六段1. strict liability嚴(yán)格責(zé)任 2. liability without fault無(wú)過(guò)錯(cuò)責(zé)任3. abnormally dangerous activi

54、ties高度危險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)第二十七段1. privity of contract合同關(guān)系第二十八段1. defamation誹謗2. slander口頭誹謗3. libel書(shū)面誹謗Unit 8B 侯潤(rùn)穎第一段1. Contend 主張2. Compensatory and punitive damages 補(bǔ)償性和懲罰性賠償金第二段1. Cause of action 訴訟理由第五段1. Recuperate 休養(yǎng)2. Skin grafts 皮膚移植第六段1. Out-of-pocket 自掏腰包第七段1. Summary dismissal 駁回起訴的動(dòng)議2. Proximate cause 近因原則;直接原因第十段1. Find for 作有利于.的判決 第十一段1. Runaway 坐視不理2. Undisclosed amount 未公開(kāi)的賠償數(shù)額第十三段1. A defective product 缺陷產(chǎn)品 2. Scrutiny 推敲課后題II (P138)1. Infringe legal right 侵犯權(quán)利2. Nondisclosure 保密3. Referee 裁判員4. The cou