新教材高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專項提升11

1、語法專項提升第十一講特殊句式(強調(diào)、倒裝、省略、主謂一致) 語法專項提升1強調(diào)句的基本句型是“It is/was被強調(diào)的部分that/who其他部分”。被強調(diào)的部分可以是主語、賓語和狀語等。語法專項提升Ive read another book this week.這星期我又看了一本書。Well，maybe it is not how much you read but what you read that counts.嗯，也許重要的不是你看了多少而是你看了什么。It was because her mother was ill that she didnt come to school y

2、esterday.是因為她媽媽病了，她昨天才沒來上學(xué)的。語法專項提升2強調(diào)句型的一般疑問句只需將is/was提前，特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問詞is/wasitthat從句”。What was it that made Mrs White so upset?是什么讓懷特夫人這么難過？Her sons making trouble in the school.她兒子在學(xué)校惹事了。3“It was not until.that.”這個句型強調(diào)時間狀語。It was not until I went there until I began to know something about the matt

3、er.直到我去那兒我才開始知道有關(guān)那件事。語法專項提升1.(2012河北省普通高中質(zhì)量檢測)When asked to explain made his lessons so exciting，the teacher kept silent.Awhat it was thatBthat what it wasCwhat was it thatDthat what was it解析：考查強調(diào)句型。句意為：當(dāng)被問起是什么讓他的課如此令人興奮時，這位老師沉默了。“what it was that made his lessons so exciting”是賓語從句，因此要用陳述語序。從句中含有一個強

4、調(diào)句型，被強調(diào)部分是從句的主語what。答案：A 語法專項提升2(2012江西豐、樟、高、宜四市聯(lián)考)Is it he or you in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?Awho is Bthat isCwho areDwhom are解析：考查強調(diào)句型及主謂一致。此處為強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)了主語he or you，根據(jù)強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)“It is/was被強調(diào)部分that/who其他”，首先排除D；謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)所強調(diào)的主語he or you確定，or連接并列主語時采用就近一致原則，因此根據(jù)you確定謂語為are。答

5、案：C語法專項提升3(2011陜西卷)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do benefits our work most.AwhoBwhichCthatDwhat解析：句意為：能給我們的工作帶來最大益處的不是我們做了多少，而是我們對于自己所做的事情付出了多少愛。本題考查強調(diào)句型。被強調(diào)部分為句子的主語not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do，故選擇C項。答案：C 語法專項提升1完全倒裝(Full Inversion)(1)表

6、示方式或方位的副詞或介詞短語，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out等，置于句首時，完全倒裝。Be quick！Here comes the bus.快點，公共汽車來了。For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together.那會兒，什么都沒發(fā)生。之后大家一起歡呼起來。Out rushed the children.孩子們沖出了教室。語法專項提升注意：上述情況中，若主語是人稱代詞，則不用倒裝。Away they went.他們走了。Over it turns！它翻

7、過來了。(2)表語連系動詞主語(表語可以是：形容詞、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.出席會議的有懷特教授，史密斯教授還有許多其他客人。語法專項提升2部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)(1)否定副詞never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意義的介詞短語at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no

8、means，on no condition等置于句首時。語法專項提升Little did Rose care about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself.雖然身處險境，Rose卻絲毫不在意她個人的安危。John talked with me for about an hour yesterday.Never had I heard him talk so much.John昨天和我談了約一個小時，在那之前，我從未聽過他說那么多話。語法專項提升(2)hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not onl

9、y.but also.等引導(dǎo)兩個分句時，前一個分句用部分倒裝，后一個分句不變。Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.他一聽到這個消息就哭了。Not only should we know the theory，but also we should learn how to apply it in practice.我們不但應(yīng)該知道理論而且我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會如何理論應(yīng)用于實踐。語法專項提升(3)在so/such.that.句型中，若so/such.提到句首時。So difficult did I find it to wo

10、rk out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.我覺得這個問題太難解決了以至于決定向湯姆征求建議。Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的進(jìn)步以至于受到了表揚。(4)當(dāng)“only狀語(副詞、介詞短語或從句)”置于句首時Only when Tom fully recovered did he go back to work.只有當(dāng)湯姆完全恢復(fù)他才回去工作。語法專項提升(5)用于as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中(表語/狀語/動詞原形as主語)Child as he

11、 was，he made a living by himself.盡管他是個孩子，他卻得自己謀生。Try as he would，he might fail again.盡管他還會試，但可能還會失敗。語法專項提升1(2012濰坊市抽樣監(jiān)測)Never each other even when we meet face to face in the street one day.Awe will recognizeBwill we recognizeCwe recognizeDdo we recognize解析：考查倒裝。句意為：我們永遠(yuǎn)不會認(rèn)出對方，即使有一天當(dāng)我們在街上面對面時。否定詞nev

12、er放在句首，主句要用部分倒裝。句中的one day表示的是將來的時間，故排除D選B項。答案：B語法專項提升2(2012山西省四校聯(lián)考)Not until school how much their teachers loved them and helped them.Athey left；did they realizeBdid they leave；did they realizeCthey left；they would realizeDthey left；had they realized語法專項提升解析：考查倒裝句式。句意為：直到他們離開學(xué)校后，他們才意識到他們的老師是多么愛他們并

13、給予了他們許多幫助。not until引導(dǎo)的狀語位于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝語序。答案：A 語法專項提升3(2011湖南十二校第一次聯(lián)考)Can I use the fax on the table，sir?In no case to use the fax for personal affairs.Aanyone is allowedBnobody is allowedCis anyone allowedDis nobody allowed解析：考查倒裝句。in no case決不，從不，當(dāng)表示否定意義的狀語提前時句子需要用部分倒裝形式；再結(jié)合語意“決不允許任何人用傳真辦私事”，可知答案為C

14、。答案：C 語法專項提升1在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若謂語有be動詞，而主語又與主句主語相同或主語是it時，從句的主語和be常被省略。語法專項提升Though surprised to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.教授看到我們，雖然很驚訝，但還是熱情地歡迎了我們。When people cut down big trees，new trees should be planted.If not they will hav

15、e no trees to cut down in the future.當(dāng)人們砍倒大樹時，應(yīng)該種植新樹，不然的話，他們以后就沒有樹木可砍了。語法專項提升2不定式省略，單獨使用不定式符號to(1)用來代替動詞不定式后被省略的動詞，常在be afraid，be glad，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后邊。語法專項提升Whats the matter with Della?Della出什么事了？Well，her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the p

16、arty，but she still hopes to.父母不允許Della參加晚會，可她仍然希望參加。Will you join in the game？你愿意加入做游戲嗎？Id be glad to.我很高興。語法專項提升(2)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。Are you a sailor？你是海員嗎？No，but I used to be.不，但我過去是。 語法專項提升1(2011煙臺二模)They landed safely on the island in the Pacific.Everything went on

17、better than .AexpectedBexpectingCexpectation Dto expect解析：考查省略句的用法?？梢詫han expected 看成是than it was expected 的省略。better than expected 為習(xí)慣用法，表示“比預(yù)期的好”。答案：A 語法專項提升2(2012北京市西城區(qū)上學(xué)期期末)No one can walk the wire in the air without a bit of fear unless very young.Ahaving trainedBtrainedCto be trainedDbeing tr

18、ained解析：考查省略。此處為狀語從句的省略，unless后省略了主語及系動詞，即one is，補全后為：unless one is trained very young，因此選B。答案：B 語法專項提升3(2011合肥市第二次質(zhì)量檢測)Mary enjoys homemade food，so she seldom， ，eats out.Aif neverBif anyCif notDif ever解析：考查省略。此處根據(jù)語意“如果她曾出去吃過飯的話，也是非常少的”，if ever表示“如果有的話”，故選D項。答案：D 語法專項提升1people，cattle等集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞必須

19、用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但family，class，team，group，public等集體名詞作主語時，如果把它們作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式；如果強調(diào)的是個體成員，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The flooded family is made up of ten people，so the clothing is badly needed.遭受洪災(zāi)的家庭由十人組成，因此衣服十分緊缺。語法專項提升2單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，應(yīng)根據(jù)名詞的意義來確定謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。Every possible means has been used to protect milu deer which are

20、 very valuable to us.As a result，the number of the milu deer is increasing.保護(hù)我們非常珍貴的麋鹿的任何可能的方法都已實施，結(jié)果，麋鹿的數(shù)量在增加。語法專項提升3由each，every，no所修飾的作主語的名詞即使有and連接，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。Every boy and every gilr wishes to attend the English evening party to be held on Saturday.每個女生和男生希望參加星期天舉辦的英語晚會。語法專項提升4如果主語由“more than on

21、en.”或“many an.”構(gòu)成，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果主語由“more復(fù)數(shù)名詞than one”構(gòu)成，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball.不止一個男孩喜歡打籃球，然而不止一個女孩擅長打棒球。語法專項提升5由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。Either you or one of your students i

22、s to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會議。Not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients.護(hù)士和醫(yī)生都對病人非常和藹。語法專項提升6如果主語后面帶有as well as，as much as，no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引導(dǎo)的短語時，句中

23、謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語的單復(fù)數(shù)。Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.Dr.Smith 將在今年夏天和妻子女兒們一起游覽北京。In my opinion，he，rather than you，is to blame.依我看來，他，而不是你該受譴責(zé)。語法專項提升1(2012湖南十二校第一次聯(lián)考)The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers a chance to go abroad la

24、st year.Awas givenBwere givenChas been given Dhave been given語法專項提升解析：考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。此句的主語是the leader and artist。the leader and artist意為“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)兼藝術(shù)家”，指一個人的兩種身份，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，據(jù)此可將B和D排除。由時間狀語last year可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時。答案：A語法專項提升2(2012海淀第二學(xué)期期中練習(xí))Hey！Here is a message on my cell phone，telling me to send money to.Dele

25、te it！Its a trick.Many a person by such tricks.Ahas been cheated Bhave been cheatedCwere cheatedDwas cheated語法專項提升解析：考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。答話人之所以讓對方刪除手機上要求匯款的信息是因為到目前為止已經(jīng)有很多人上當(dāng)受騙，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，排除C、D兩項；many a表示“大量”，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，故排除B項選A項。答案：A語法專項提升1(2011湖南卷)Its not what we do once in a while shapes our liv

26、es，but what we do consistently.AwhichBthatChowDwhen語法專項提升解析：句意為：影響我們生活的不是我們偶爾做什么，而是我們一貫做什么。考查強調(diào)句型的用法。強調(diào)部分是句子的主語，空格部分應(yīng)是強調(diào)句型中的that，故選B項。答案：B語法專項提升2(2011重慶卷)Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?Of course，I have.It was in our village it was made.AthatBwhereCwhen Dwhich解析：考查強調(diào)句型。句意為：“你看過電影山楂樹之戀

27、嗎？”“當(dāng)然，我看過。它就是在我們村里拍攝的?！币罁?jù)強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)“It is/was被強調(diào)部分that句子剩余部分”可知選A。答案：A語法專項提升3(2011四川卷)Was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after the boat went down?Awhere BthatCwhich Dwhat解析：句意為：他是不是在船沉了一個月之后在一個孤島上被人救出來的？考查強調(diào)句。結(jié)合題干和選項看，這里用it was.that強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)，被強調(diào)的是地點狀語on a lonely island。答案：B 語法專項提升4(2011全國卷)Ja

28、ne wont join us for dinner tonight and .Aneither wont TomBTom wont eitherCTom will tooDso will Tom解析：考查特殊句式。句意為：簡不會來參加我們今晚的宴會，湯姆也不會來。此處是否定句，故使用either，而too一般用于肯定句中。此處也可以用so倒裝的否定式，即neither/nor will Tom，注意A項中neither表否定意義，所以不能用wont。答案：B語法專項提升5(2011福建卷)Its nice.Never before such a special drink!Im glad y

29、ou like it.AI have hadBI hadChave I hadDhad I語法專項提升解析：句意為：太棒了。我以前從來沒喝過這么獨特的飲料！很高興您喜歡。本題考查倒裝句。否定副詞never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表示否定意義的介詞短語置于句首時，后面的主語、謂語部分需部分倒裝，根據(jù)題意可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，所以正確答案為C項。答案：C語法專項提升6(2011課標(biāo)卷全國卷)Try she might，Sue couldnt get the door open.AifBwhenCsinceDas解析：句意

30、為：盡管蘇嘗試想打開門，但就是打不開。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，從句要用倒裝語序，即把表語、副詞或動詞原形提前；若表語為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，名詞前不加冠詞。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：adj./adv./n./v.as主語句子其他部分，因此D項正確。答案：D 語法專項提升7(2011全國卷)Only when he reached the teahouse it was the same place hed been in last year.Ahe realizedBhe did realizeCrealized he Ddid he realize解析：句意為：當(dāng)他到達(dá)茶館，他才意識到這是他上一年到過的同樣的地方。

31、當(dāng)only放在句首并引導(dǎo)從句時，主句形成倒裝。在本句中，only修飾when he reached the teahouse，因此可判斷為倒裝句型，從而將主句助動詞did提到主語he之前，形成倒裝。答案：D 語法專項提升8(2011江蘇卷)It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. ，wed better take it to the garage immediately.AOtherwiseBIf notCBut for that DIf so解析：考查省略和替代。從句意可知，此處表示對可能發(fā)生的事件的假設(shè)，因此選擇if s

32、o“如果這樣的話”，so代替前面句子中提到的情況。答案：D 語法專項提升9(2011安徽卷)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which saved for other purposes.AisBareCwasDwere語法專項提升解析：主謂一致。句意為：那個工廠用了65%的原材料，其余的被節(jié)約下來用于其他用途。根據(jù)used和主從句時態(tài)一致的提示，可知A、B兩項應(yīng)排除。which引導(dǎo)的是非限定性定語從句，修飾先行詞materials，而the rest在從句中為集合名詞作主語，當(dāng)其代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞使

33、用復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此選D。答案：D語法專項提升10(2011遼寧卷)Bring the flowers into a warm room theyll soon open.AorBandCbutDfor解析：考查連詞。句意為：將花放到暖和的房間里，它們將會很快開放。根據(jù)語意可知此處表示順承，故用and連接。注意此句為固定句式“祈使句and陳述句”。答案：B 語法專項提升1(2012南京一模)It was shortly after that serious accident haopened all the people involved were caught and questioned.As

34、inceBthatCbeforeDwhen語法專項提升解析：考查強調(diào)句。句意：這場嚴(yán)重的事故發(fā)生后不久，涉及其中的所有人都被抓住并被審問。分析句子成分可知，本句是強調(diào)句，強調(diào)的是“shortly after that serious accident happened”。答案：B語法專項提升2(2012西安五大名校一模)I really dont know I put my wallet after I paid the bill.Awhere was itBit was where thatCwhere it was that Dwhere was it that解析：句意為：我真的不知道付

35、了賬之后我把錢包放在哪里了。強調(diào)句的特殊疑問句作賓語從句時，其語序為：疑問詞it is/wasthat.答案：C 語法專項提升3(2012山西省四校聯(lián)考)Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers to ten Hope Schools in South China.Awere sentBwas sentChave sentDhad been sent語法專項提升解析：考查主謂一致和時態(tài)與語態(tài)。句意為：一些現(xiàn)代化的教學(xué)設(shè)備連同成百上千的電腦被送到了華南的十所希望學(xué)校。本句的主語是equipment，是不可數(shù)名詞

36、，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。過去完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，因此D項不恰當(dāng)。答案：B語法專項提升4(2012南京一模)Its estimated that the number of the candidates，applying for the position as a civil servant， already well over 3,000.AareBwill beCisDwere 解析：考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的主語是“the number of the candidates”,謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，再加之此處是對客觀事實的一種陳述，故用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。答案：C語法專項提升5(2012長春市第一次調(diào)研)“Well，done，John！Not a single mistake in this exam paper！” said the teacher.Ayou madeBdid you makeCmade youDyou did make解析：考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Not為否定副詞，置于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，據(jù)此選B項。答案：B語法專項提升6(2012鄭州第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測)In the dark forests ，soem of which