英語各種從句的用法

1、英語中從句包括：名詞從句、定語從句、同位語從句和狀語從句.一、名詞從句包括主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句.（一）主語從句考試重點：主語從句常用的連詞的用法；it is desirable that引導(dǎo)的主語從句的用法.在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語的是一個從句，這個從句就叫主語從句.主語從句可以由下列連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)，且不能省略.連詞：that，whether連接代詞：what，whatever，who，whoever等.連接副詞：when，where，how，why1、由連詞that，whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句.連詞that，whether在主語從句中的作用只是引導(dǎo)主語從句，它在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)成

2、分，不能省略，且由它們引導(dǎo)的主語從句，多用it做形式主語.（1）_ was unimportant.A. Whether he enjoyed our dinner or notB. No matter how he enjoyed our dinnerC. If he enjoyed our dinnerD. What he enjoyed our dinner2）That the earth is round is true.（It is true that the earth is round.） 地球是圓的， 是個事實.2、由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句它們分別在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓

3、語和狀語，不能省略.留意翻譯時不能把它們譯為疑問句.由它們引導(dǎo)的主語從句，也可以用形式主語it引導(dǎo).（1）Who let out the news remained unknown.（It remained unknown who let out the news.）誰泄露了那個消息照舊無人知道.（2）When well start is not clear.（It is not clear when well start.）我們何時動身還不清楚.3、以連接代詞what, whatever, whoever引導(dǎo)的主語從句.What有時可以用來表示the thing which這種意思，引導(dǎo)從句

4、，表示一樣?xùn)|西或一件事情.Who，whom，which，what，可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，和what一樣引導(dǎo)從句，ever起強調(diào)作用.此類句子不能用形式主語it引導(dǎo)，它們在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)成份，不能省略，語序為陳述句的語序.（1）_ I saw was two men crossing the street.A. WhatB. WhomC. WhoD. That4、句型It is desirable （suggested, necessary, requested, ordered, proposed, urgent）+that+主語+should（可省略）+V（動詞原形）.（1）Its urge

5、nt that a meeting _ before the final decision is made.A. will be arrangedB. must be arrangedC. be arrangedD. would be arranged（二）表語從句考試重點：表語從句的基本用法；含有suggestion，proposal等詞的表語從句的用法.1、在從句中做表語的從句叫表語從句.它位于主句中的系動詞之后，常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞和主語從句相同.（1）This is what he wants. 這就是他想要的東西.（2）The question is whether we can finis

6、h our work by tomorrow morning.問題是我們明天上午能否完成任務(wù).2、用suggestion等詞表示愿望、建議、命令等心情時，用虛擬語氣，從句中用should（可省略）+動詞原形.（1）The generals command was that the soldiers _ their fort and carry out more important tasks.A. would leaveB. leaveC. leftD. have left （三）賓語從句考試重點：賓語從句用陳述句的語序；介詞后面的賓語從句；suggest，insist，order，

7、demand等動詞后接賓語從句時，用虛擬語氣；if和whether的區(qū)分.1、賓語從句用陳述句的語序（1）Can you tell me _ about the city that makes people love it so much?A. it is whatB. what it isC. what is itD. is it what    2、介詞后面的賓語從句（1）The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware _ she had gone.A. whe

8、re thatB. of whereC. of the placeD. the place3、suggest，insist，order，demand等動詞后作賓語時，表示欲望、建議、命令等時，用虛擬語氣.His mother insisted that he _ the coat when going out.A. put onB. puts onC. to putD. putting on4、在下列狀況下不能用if , 而用whether.后跟不定式：He didnt tell me whether to go or stay. 他沒有告知我是走還是留下.前面有介詞：He raised th

9、e question of whether we could find the necessary money.他提出我們能否籌集到必要的資金這個問題.引導(dǎo)主語從句：Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.他們成功也好，失敗也好，對我來說都是一樣的.后面直接跟or not：I wonder whether Ill catch the last bus or not.我不知道我能否趕上末班車.(四) 同位語從句 常跟在fact，idea，news等名詞的后面，通常用連詞that引導(dǎo).1、Would the news _ he failed t

10、o pass the exam bother you?A. which B. that  C. of whichD. on which2、I had no idea that you were here. 我沒有想到你會在這里.假猶如位語從句所修飾的先行詞是suggestion，proposal等名詞的時候，謂語動詞用should+原形動詞.should可以省略.1、My suggestion that we do the experiment again is accepted by them.我的再做一次試驗的建議被他們所接納.2、His proposal that they（s

11、hould）challenge the other groups to a friendly competition is praised by the teacher. 他提議他們和別的組挑戰(zhàn)，來一場友情競賽.這個提議受到了老師的表揚. 二、定語從句考試重點：限定性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法；關(guān)系副詞 when，where，why，引導(dǎo)的定語從句；帶介詞的定語從句；非限定性定語從句；“名詞（代詞）+介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出，一般是非限定性定語從句.在復(fù)合句中起定語作用的從句叫做定語從句.定語從句分為兩種：限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句.留意關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在從句中的應(yīng)用.（一）關(guān)系代

12、詞who，whom，whose，which，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句1、The company official _ I thought would be fired received a raise.A. whomB. whoeverC. whoD. of whom（二）關(guān)系副詞 when ,where, why, 引導(dǎo)的定語從句1、The time will come _ man can fly to outer space freely.A. thatB. whenC. in thatD. which（三）關(guān)系代詞前帶介詞的定語從句1、Before her marriage, she sp

13、ent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai, _ she belonged.A. whichB. to whereC. to whichD. at which（四）非限定定語從句對被修飾的名詞起附加說明，或進一步描述或補充.這種從句有肯定的獨立性，即使去掉，主句的意思仍舊完整，只是內(nèi)容相對地不夠具體.與主句之間常用逗號分開，所用的關(guān)系代詞與限定性定語從句基本相同，但不能用關(guān)系代詞that 引導(dǎo).（1）An Old friend from abroad, _I was expecting to stay with, telephon

14、ed me from the airport.A. thatB. whomC. whoD. which（五）“名詞（代詞）+介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出，一般是非限定性定語從句.Weve tested three hundred types of boot, _is completely water proof.A. no of whichB. none of whichC. some of whichD. neither of which考試重點：同位語從句的基本用法；含有suggestion，proposal等詞的同位語從句.三 、狀語從句在主從句中起狀語作用的從句叫狀語從句.常見的狀語從句有時間

15、、地點、條件、緣由、讓步、方式、比較、目的、結(jié)果.考試重點：狀語從句的種類及一些連詞的基本用法；讓步狀語從句；unless，supposed （that），whomever，whenever，wherever等連詞的含義和用法.   一）時間狀語從句常用的連詞有：when，whenever（無論什么時候），since，as，until，hardlywhen，no soonerthan，as soon as，before，after，the moment，the minute（一就）1、No sooner had they got the goods covered up _

16、 it started raining hard.A. whenB. thanC. thenD. after二） 條件狀語從句常用if，unless（除非，假如不），as/so long as只要.1、_ Im mistaken, Ive seen that man before.A. Unless B. IfC. BecauseD. Provided三）、緣由狀語從句常用：because, as, since.假如表示必定的因果關(guān)系，一般用because引入；而since表示一種間接或附帶的緣由；用as 只是提一下.1、He cannot go to school because he is

17、 ill. 他由于生病不能上學(xué).2、Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest. 人人都寵愛你，由于你既和氣，又誠懇.  四）讓步狀語從句常用though/although，as （盡管），even if/though，however，whatever，wherever，whoever，no matter how/what/who等.1、In short, _ he lives, a man belongs to some society.A. whateverB. wheneverC. whicheverD. whereve

18、r2、_, you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.A. No matter whoever you areB. Whomever you areC. Whoever you areD. No matter who are you五）方式狀語從句常用as, just as, as if/though 等詞.1、_ was pointed above, this substance can be used as a substitute.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As2、He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knowsB. knewC. had knownD. would have known六）目的狀語從句常用so that , in order that, lest （以免， 以防）, in case.1、I wrote it