高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、SerieS Of engliSh grammarnOn-Predicate VerbS鹿邑縣第二高級(jí)中學(xué)鹿邑縣第二高級(jí)中學(xué)王桂芹王桂芹非謂語(yǔ)不定式（不定式（to do)V-ingV-edas a nounas adj. or adv.現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 的分類的分類 Smoking is bad for health.2. His hobby is swimming. 3. I heard the girl singing in the classroom.4. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang

2、.5. He decided to try again.找出下列句子中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（含短語(yǔ)）找出下列句子中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（含短語(yǔ)）isisheardisdecided非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法作用非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式不定式動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞非非謂謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞的的句句法法口口訣訣 不定式本領(lǐng)強(qiáng)，六種成分都能當(dāng)。 動(dòng)名詞不示弱，主賓表定用的上。 兩分詞互不讓，表定狀補(bǔ)爭(zhēng)亮相。主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不定式 # # # # # #動(dòng)名詞 # # # #分詞 # # # # 一一、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)

3、 能作主語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有不定式和動(dòng)名詞。二者的能作主語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有不定式和動(dòng)名詞。二者的 區(qū)別是：表示某一區(qū)別是：表示某一具體具體的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式不定式；表示比；表示比 較較抽象的一般行為抽象的一般行為傾向的，多用傾向的，多用動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) 時(shí)通常位于句首；不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常置于句末，用時(shí)通常位于句首；不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常置于句末，用it it 作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首。作形式主語(yǔ)放在句首。 1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.

4、3) Collecting information is very important to business men. 4) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.( (抽象抽象) )( (具體具體) )vItbe名詞名詞/形容詞形容詞to dovItbe形容詞形容詞 for sb /of sbto dovIt takes/took sb +時(shí)間時(shí)間+to do It is necessary _(spend) enough time on English if you want to learn it well. to spend1).

5、To make a plan first is a good idea. = It is a good idea to make a plan first. 2). It takes three hours to walk there. It is possible for him to master the art of speaking.It was careless of him to break the coffee cup.= He was careless to break the coffee cup.2. 2. 動(dòng)名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語(yǔ)，但動(dòng)名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主

6、語(yǔ)，但在下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。在下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。It is/was no use/goodnot any use/goodof little use/gooduseless+doing sth.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is of little good staying up too late every day. 若主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)都是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, , 應(yīng)保持形式應(yīng)保持形式 上的一致。上的一致。 Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 二、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓

7、語(yǔ)二、考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ) 不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。 1. 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，如：有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，如： want, wish, hope, manage, demand, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。等。2. 2. 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如有些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, f

8、inish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest, deny. 1) I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop 2) He got well-prepared for the job intervie

9、w, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lostCB 3. 3.有些動(dòng)詞如有些動(dòng)詞如intend, start, continue后既可以跟后既可以跟不定式又可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義上無(wú)多大不定式又可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義上無(wú)多大區(qū)別區(qū)別。 I intend to finish/ finishing the task this morning. 但但love, like, hate, prefer后接動(dòng)名詞表示經(jīng)后接動(dòng)名詞表示經(jīng)常性的行為；接不定式表示具

10、體的行為。常性的行為；接不定式表示具體的行為。 1). I like _ very much, but I dont like _ this afternoon. A. swimming, swimming B. to swim, to swim C. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming C2). Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. takingAA4 4. 既可接不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)既可接不

11、定式又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ), ,但不定但不定 式用被動(dòng)式的形式；動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)式的形式。式用被動(dòng)式的形式；動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)式的形式。 句子的意思沒(méi)有差別。句子的意思沒(méi)有差別。但句子得主語(yǔ)一般是但句子得主語(yǔ)一般是 一表物的名詞或代詞。一表物的名詞或代詞。這類動(dòng)詞主要有：這類動(dòng)詞主要有： want、need、require等。等。1) Your watch needs repairing to be repaired.2) The windows need painting again to be painted again.5. 有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟動(dòng)名詞有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟動(dòng)

12、名詞作賓作賓 語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別。如語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別。如forget, remember, mean, regret, stop, try, go on, cant help等。等。remember/ forget/ regret +v-ing 表已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，表已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，remember/ forget/ regret + v-ing 表動(dòng)作還沒(méi)有發(fā)生表動(dòng)作還沒(méi)有發(fā)生。mean doing 意思是意思是；意味著；意味著mean to do 意欲，打算要做意欲，打算要做stop to do 停下來(lái)要做停下來(lái)要做stop doing 停止正在做的動(dòng)作停止正在做的動(dòng)作try doing

13、試著做試著做try to do sth. 試圖做試圖做cant help doing sth. 情不自禁，不禁情不自禁，不禁 cant help (to) do sth. 不能幫忙做不能幫忙做1). If you think treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again. A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting 2). When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, b

14、ut not _. A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave DC6. 1). I have no choice but to accept the fact. 2). Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers? A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking 3). Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in

15、 the plan. A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able 介詞后可接動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ)。介詞后可接動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ)。DCPractice vAs the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _. A. to use B. to be used C. to have used

16、D. to be using vAfter he became conscious, he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod. A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit BD下面從二個(gè)方面來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞下面從二個(gè)方面來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的七大經(jīng)典原則非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的七大經(jīng)典原則2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞題的做題技巧非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞題的做題技巧一一.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的非

17、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的 七大經(jīng)典原則七大經(jīng)典原則原則一：原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用不定式用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用不定式 When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained【解析解析】由于進(jìn)行航空飛行訓(xùn)練是他被派往那兒由于進(jìn)行航空飛行訓(xùn)練是他被派往那兒的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和和 B。另外，由于另外，由于“他他”與與“訓(xùn)練

18、訓(xùn)練”為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，為被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 故選故選 D。 2. _ this cake， youll need 2 eggs， 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making 3.As the light turned green， I stood for a moment， not _， and asked myself what I was going to do. A. moved B. moving C. to move D. Being moved【解析解析】由于與句子主語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示當(dāng)

19、由于與句子主語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示當(dāng) 時(shí)持續(xù)了一會(huì)時(shí)持續(xù)了一會(huì) 兒，故用兒，故用-ing。句意為：當(dāng)信號(hào)燈變綠時(shí)，。句意為：當(dāng)信號(hào)燈變綠時(shí)，我站在那兒一會(huì)兒沒(méi)動(dòng)，心想自己該怎么辦。我站在那兒一會(huì)兒沒(méi)動(dòng)，心想自己該怎么辦。 原則二原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上要用-ing.-ing.4. He sat _ to her _ the stairs. A. to listen; to climb B. listening; to climb C. listening; climb D. listening; to climbing 【解析解析】listen是伴隨是伴隨sat而

20、同時(shí)由主語(yǔ)而同時(shí)由主語(yǔ)he發(fā)出的，發(fā)出的，所以用所以用-ing作伴隨狀語(yǔ)；作伴隨狀語(yǔ)；listen to 后跟不帶后跟不帶to的的不定式不定式/-ing作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)。 listen to do/doing 用括號(hào)里的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用括號(hào)里的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Write to the editor , _that the editor would be able to help her（ hope ）2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock( rest )3.The secretary worke

21、d late into night , _ a long speech. ( prepare )4. _ warm, we shut all the windows. ( keep )preparingto resthopingTo keepinging形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)與形式作伴隨狀語(yǔ)與 to doto do作目的狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：作目的狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的inging形式與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且形式與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且前面常常帶一逗號(hào)前面常常帶一逗號(hào); ;而作目的狀語(yǔ)的不定式的動(dòng)作要在而作目的狀語(yǔ)的不定式的動(dòng)作要在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生前面不能用逗號(hào)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生前

22、面不能用逗號(hào)。原則三：原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用-ing-ing或不定式，其原則或不定式，其原則區(qū)別是，一般用區(qū)別是，一般用-ing-ing，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中。不定式用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即意料之中。不定式用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外結(jié)果在意料之外。5. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day. A. to let B.

23、 letting C. let D. having let 【解析解析 此處用此處用-ing 表示自然而然的結(jié)果。表示自然而然的結(jié)果。 如：如：It rained heavily， causing severe flooding in that place. 大雨滂沱，造成了那個(gè)地方洪水泛濫。大雨滂沱，造成了那個(gè)地方洪水泛濫。6. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$ 57. 65 a barrel on April 4.A.have reached B. reaching

24、C. to reach D. to be reaching 8. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 7.He hurried to the station, only _ that the train had left. A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found【解析解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料的結(jié)果。在此

25、表示出人意料的結(jié)果。原則四原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。但是，如果所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)但是，如果所涉及的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)式；如果所涉及的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用式；如果所涉及的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing-ing的被動(dòng)式的被動(dòng)式. .9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard【解析解析】根據(jù)句意，

26、此處指的是根據(jù)句意，此處指的是“被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”，故要用被動(dòng)式，因此，故要用被動(dòng)式，因此可排除可排除 B B 和和C C。另外，由于。另外，由于“設(shè)法被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)設(shè)法被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”為目的狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)作當(dāng)為目的狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)作當(dāng)時(shí)尚未發(fā)生，故用不定式，即選時(shí)尚未發(fā)生，故用不定式，即選 A A。 10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed

27、D. to open and close【解析解析】of 后應(yīng)接后應(yīng)接-ing，desks 與與open and close 之間存之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因could be heard，所以選，所以選-ing的被動(dòng)式表正在被進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。的被動(dòng)式表正在被進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。of11. When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_upon her. A. seating; fixing B. to seat; fixing

28、C.having seated; fixed D. seated; fixed a stranger his eyessittingseat vt.I seated myself.=I was seated.=I sat downfix ones eyes uponv1. seat和sit作為動(dòng)詞，都可以表示“坐”的意思。 (1) seat是及物動(dòng)詞，比較正式，常以被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義。如： He is seated between Jack and Tom. 她坐在杰克和湯姆之間。 Please be seated. (=Please seat yourself.) (2) sit通常作不及

29、物動(dòng)詞用，比較口語(yǔ)化。如： The students are sitting at their desks. 學(xué)生們正坐在課桌旁。 Sit down, please. v2. seat還可作名詞用(而sit只能作動(dòng)詞用)，常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)take a seat (相當(dāng)于have a seat或take ones seat) ，意為“坐下，就座”。如： v Take your seat, please. 請(qǐng)就坐。 原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)原則原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)原則上應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致上應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致. .12. Faced with a bill for $10

30、,000，_. A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given John an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John(be) faced withFaced with13. While watching television，_. A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the door

31、bell rings【解析解析】因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)?watching 的邏輯主語(yǔ)一定是人，排除選的邏輯主語(yǔ)一定是人，排除選項(xiàng)項(xiàng) A 和和 B ；又因在又因在hear后作賓補(bǔ)的是省略了后作賓補(bǔ)的是省略了 to 的不定的不定式式， 所以選項(xiàng)所以選項(xiàng) D 中的中的 rings 是錯(cuò)誤的。是錯(cuò)誤的。watching原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完可用不定式的完成式或成式或inging的完成式）的完成式） 14._ from other continents for millions of yea

32、rs， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. to be separated【解析解析】因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)?Australia 與與 separate 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且 separate發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 has 之前，所以用之前，所以用-ing的完成的完成被動(dòng)式作原因狀語(yǔ)。被動(dòng)式作原因狀語(yǔ)。has15. The mana

33、ger，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us， left the meeting room. A. who has made B. having made C. made D. making【解析解析】因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)?The manager 與與 make 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且 make 發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ) left 之前，所以用之前，所以用-ing的完成式作狀的完成式作狀語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)，having made . 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于 who had made. 的意思。的意思。left16.Li Ming is said _ abroad. Do y

34、ou know what country Yes, In London. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studyinghe studied in ?he will study in?he studies in?CABissb is said to do 據(jù)說(shuō)據(jù)說(shuō)原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則是：原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則是： 用不定式，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生用不定式，表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生; ; 用用-ing-ing，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行; ; 用過(guò)去分詞，表示動(dòng)作被動(dòng)、完成。用過(guò)去

35、分詞，表示動(dòng)作被動(dòng)、完成。17.There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting _ the day after tomorrow. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held 18. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait th

36、e meeting the day after tomorrowvisitors19. “Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself. A. lost B. losing C. to lost D. have lost 20. The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving ThingsThe last onelose vt. lose sb/sth注：受注：受 the first， the sec

37、ond . the last 修飾修飾的名詞或代詞后原則上要用不定式作定語(yǔ)。的名詞或代詞后原則上要用不定式作定語(yǔ)。 You are the second to make that mistake. 你是第二個(gè)犯這錯(cuò)誤的人。你是第二個(gè)犯這錯(cuò)誤的人。原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則四：凡是含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作 之前時(shí)，之前時(shí)，原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)

38、時(shí)，原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上用不定式原則一：用作目的狀語(yǔ)，原則上用不定式. .原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上用原則二：用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，原則上用-ing.-ing.原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，可用原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，可用-ing/ to do ,-ing/ to do ,原則區(qū)別是：原則區(qū)別是：-ing -ing 表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，to do to do 表示非邏輯的結(jié)果。表示非邏輯的結(jié)果。原則四原則四: :凡是有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。凡是有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，原則上要用過(guò)去分詞。 如果動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動(dòng)形式；如果動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定

39、式的被動(dòng)形式； 如果動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用如果動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing-ing的被動(dòng)形式。的被動(dòng)形式。原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則上其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與原則五：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，原則上其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致。主句主語(yǔ)保持一致。原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，原則上原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，原則上要用完成式（要用完成式（-ing -ing 的完成式或不定式的完成式）的完成式或不定式的完成式）原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)，原則是：不定式表示動(dòng)作原則七：用于名詞后作定語(yǔ)，原則是：不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；尚未發(fā)生；-ing-ing表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行：過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作完表示動(dòng)作正在

40、進(jìn)行：過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作完成，被動(dòng)。成，被動(dòng)。二二. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞解題四大步驟四大步驟（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), ,辨別辨別“謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)” _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _ many times , he still couldnt understand it . Having been told B. Being told C. He had been told D. Though he was toldC C_A A注意連詞注意連詞3.It _ a hot day, wed be

41、tter go swimming.4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there. is B. to be C. beingD.It being E. It was F. beenCE注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)號(hào)沒(méi)有連詞連接獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在；一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)；名詞或代詞與其后的分詞，形容詞，不定式或介詞是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.由于圣誕節(jié)的緣故，政府機(jī)關(guān)都休息了。There being nothing to

42、do, we went home.沒(méi)別的事可做我們就回家了。二二. . 分析邏輯主語(yǔ)分析邏輯主語(yǔ)確定要選非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要分確定要選非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂析其邏輯主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語(yǔ)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)須和句子的真正時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)須和句子的真正主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)一致一致。若不一致，則須。若不一致，則須加上加上自己的自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)邏輯主語(yǔ)。怎么加怎么加? ?非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，但仍具有動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語(yǔ)，

43、但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯邏輯主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)，特別是當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其，特別是當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是主句的主語(yǔ)，若不然，則邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是主句的主語(yǔ)，若不然，則得加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)就構(gòu)成得加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)就構(gòu)成獨(dú)立獨(dú)立主格主格。 （二）找邏輯主語(yǔ)（二）找邏輯主語(yǔ)1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of t

44、he artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ), ,邏邏輯主語(yǔ)是輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)；句子的主語(yǔ)；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ), ,邏輯主語(yǔ)是邏輯主語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ)；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ), ,邏輯主語(yǔ)是邏輯主語(yǔ)是被修飾詞被修飾詞。分析語(yǔ)態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語(yǔ)之后，分析非分析語(yǔ)態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語(yǔ)之后，分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)在搭配使用時(shí)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)主動(dòng)還還是是被動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系。關(guān)系。 _from space , the earth looks b

45、lue .2._from space , we can see the earth is blue .A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. SeeAB解析：句解析：句1. 1. “地球地球”被被“看起來(lái)看起來(lái)”，表，表被動(dòng)被動(dòng)，故選，故選A A， 用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。 句句2. 2. 我們我們 主動(dòng)看主動(dòng)看.即表即表主動(dòng)主動(dòng)，故選，故選B B。（三）分析語(yǔ)態(tài)三）分析語(yǔ)態(tài) A.to take B. taking C. to be taken D. takenD BEverythingthey1._ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into consideration, they ought to have another chance.（四）（四）分析時(shí)態(tài)分析時(shí)態(tài)1. The building _ now will be a restaurant .2. The building _ next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _ last year is a