英語期末考試

1、第一單元7、But today fewer of us do our living in that one place;more of us just use it for sleeping.Now we call our towns“bedroom suburbs,”and many of us,without small children as icebreakers,would have trouble naming all the people on our street.然而，如今的情況是居住和工作都在同一個地方的人極少，對更多的人來說家成了一個僅僅用來睡覺的地方。我們的居住地被叫做

2、“近郊居住區(qū)”，由于沒有了孩子像過去那樣起到溝通鄰里關(guān)系的作用，許多人感到要叫出跟我們同住一條街的所有人的名字是件極不容易的事。8、Its not that we are more isolated today.Its that many of us have transferred a chunk of our friendships,a major portion of our everyday social lives,from home to office.As more of our neighbors work away from home,the workplace become

3、s our neighborhood.這不是說我們今天被分得更開了，而是好多人已經(jīng)部分的友誼和大部分的日常社交生活從家里轉(zhuǎn)移到了辦文室。隨著越來越多的人走出家門去工作，工作的地方就變成了我們的街區(qū)。11、Not all the neighborhoods are empty,nor is every workplace a friendly playground.Most of us have had mixed experiences in these environments.Yet as one woman told me recently,she knows more about th

4、e people she passes on the way to her desk than on her way around the block.Our new sense of community hasnt just moved from house to office building.The labels that we wear connect us with members from distant companies,cities,and states.We assume that we have something“in common”with other teacher

5、s,nurses,city planners.不是所有的住宅區(qū)都是空的，也不是所有的工作單位都是友好的。多數(shù)人在這些環(huán)境里都曾有過復(fù)雜的經(jīng)歷。然而，最近一位女性朋友告訴我她對工作單位里的人的了解程度要勝于對同一街區(qū)人的了解程度。我們不僅把社區(qū)的概念從住宅區(qū)搬進了辦公樓，上班時身上所佩戴的標志也把我們和異國他鄉(xiāng)的人們和公司員工聯(lián)系在一起。我們假設(shè)自己和其他的教師、護士、城市規(guī)劃者有著某些共同點。12、Its not unlike the experience of our immigrant grandparents.Many who came to this country still ide

6、ntified themselves as members of the Italian community,the Irish communtiy,the Polish community.They sought out and assumes connection with people from the old country,Many of us have updated that experience.We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity,the way we replaced neighborhood

7、 with the workplace.This whole realignment of community is surely most obvious among the mobile professions.People who move from city to city seem to put roots into their professions.In an age of specialists,they may have to search harder to find people who speak the same language.這有點像最初移民來到美國的我們的祖輩

8、們的經(jīng)歷，許多人來到這里后把自己原來的國籍當成一個社區(qū)，所以有意大利人社區(qū)、愛爾蘭人社區(qū)、波蘭社區(qū)等。他們不斷尋找并設(shè)想自己與來自同一個國家的人們有著親密的聯(lián)系。我們把這種體驗提升了一步。像用工作單位取代居住地一樣，我們用專業(yè)身份取代了種族身份。這種社區(qū)的完全重組在流動作業(yè)的行業(yè)中表現(xiàn)得最為明顯，那些在不同城市變換工作的人似乎把自己的身份植根于他們的行業(yè)中。在這個充滿專業(yè)人士的時代，他們不得不費盡周折去尋找有共同語言的人。I remember viewing half a dozen men in a chair factory whose job was to bend several pi

9、eces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result.The men knew they were_good.When I talked with them,each expressed enormous_pride_in being a part of the fastest,best team.And this sense of belonging to_an accomplished work group is one of the distinctive satisfactions of the world

10、 of_work_.Unlike many other aspects of life,relationships among people at work_tend_to be simpler,less complicated,somewhat less emotional.This is_not_to say there arent arguments and jealousies,but,on the whole_,behavioral research discloses that_human relations at work are just easier,perhaps beca

11、use they are more regular and predictable and_thus_simpler to adjust to than the sporadic,the more intense and_less_regular relationships in the community.And the work group also gently pressures its members to learn how to adjust_to one another so that the“rough edges”are worked off_because people

12、know they must do certain things with_and through one another each day.Beyond_the team and the work group,there is the organization,whether it be company or hospital or university.The same_pride in being part of a well-coordinated,successful unit is_derived_from being part of a larger collectivity.W

13、orking for a company that is_thought_of as being part of the best in the community can provide employees with_both status and self-confidence.They assume,usually with good reasons,that others regard them more highly,even envy them,and that they are more competent_than the average because of this ass

14、ociation with a“winner,”a prestigious institution.11Not all the neighborhoods are empty,nor is every workplace a friendly playground.Most of us have had mixed experiences in these environments.Yet

15、0;as one woman told me recently,she knows more about the people she passes on the way to her desk than on her way around the block.Our new sense of communi

16、ty hasnt just moved from house to office building.The labels that we wear connect us with members from distant companies,cities,and states.We assume that we have something“in&

17、#160;common”with other teachers,nurses,city planners.不是所有的住宅區(qū)都是空的，也不是所有的工作單位都是友好的。多數(shù)人在這些環(huán)境里都曾有過復(fù)雜的經(jīng)歷。然而，最近一位女性朋友告訴我她對工作單位里的人的了解程度要勝于對同一街區(qū)人的了解程度。我們不僅把社區(qū)的概念從住宅區(qū)搬進了辦公樓，上班時身上所佩戴的標志也把我們和異國他鄉(xiāng)的人們和公司員工聯(lián)系在一起。我們假設(shè)自己和其他的教師、護士、城市規(guī)劃者有著某些共同點。12Its not unlike the experience 

18、of our immigrant grandparents.Many who came to this country still identified themselves as members of the Italian community,the Irish community,the Polish community.They sought out 

19、;and assumed connections with people from the old country.Many of us have updated that experience.We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity,the way we replaced

20、60;neighborhood with the workplace.This whole realignment of community is surely most obvious among the mobile professions.People who move from city to city seem to put roots&

21、#160;into their professions.In an age of specialists,they may have to search harder to find people who speak the same language.這有點像最初移民來到美國的我們的祖輩們的經(jīng)歷，許多人來到這里后把自己原來的國籍當成一個社區(qū)，所以有意大利人社區(qū)、愛爾蘭人社區(qū)、波蘭社區(qū)等。他們不斷尋找并設(shè)想

22、自己與來自同一個國家的人們有著親密的聯(lián)系。我們把這種體驗提升了一步。像用工作單位取代居住地一樣，我們用專業(yè)身份取代了種族身份。這種社區(qū)的完全重組在流動作業(yè)的行業(yè)中表現(xiàn)得最為明顯，那些在不同城市變換工作的人似乎把自己的身份植根于他們的行業(yè)中。在這個充滿專業(yè)人士的時代，他們不得不費盡周折去尋找有共同語言的人。The 21st century feels like a letdown.We were promised flying cars,space colonies and 15-hour workweeks.Robots were supposed to do our chores,excep

23、t when they were organizing rebellions;children were supposed to learn about disease from history books;portable fusion reactors were supposed to be on sale at the Home Depot.Even dystopian visions of the future predicted leaps of technology and social organization that leave our era in the dust.Loo

24、king beyond the blinking lights and whirring gizmos,though,the new century is shaping up as one of the most amazing periods in human history.Three great transitions set in motion by the Industrial Revolution are reaching their culmination.After several centuries of faster-than-exponential growth,the

25、 world's population is stabilizing.Judging from current trends,it will plateau at around nine billion people toward the middle of this century.Meanwhile extreme poverty is receding both as a percentage of population and in absolute numbers.If China and India continue to follow in the economic fo

26、otsteps of Japan and South Korea,by 2050 the average Chinese will be as rich as the average Swiss is today;the average Indian,as rich as today's Israeli.As humanity grows in size and wealth,however,it increasingly presses against the limits of the planet.Already we pump out carbon dioxide three

27、times as fast as the oceans and land can absorb it;midcentury is when climatologists think global warming will really begin to bite.At the rate things are going,the world's forests and fisheries will be exhausted even sooner.21世紀的感覺就像一個讓人失望。我們被許諾飛行汽車，太空殖民地和15小時工作周。機器人應(yīng)該做的事情我們做家務(wù)，除非他們組織叛亂;孩子們應(yīng)該了解

28、病從歷史書;便攜式核聚變反應(yīng)堆被認為即將發(fā)售在Home Depot。即使是反烏托邦的未來的前景預(yù)測，留下我們這個時代的除塵技術(shù)和社會組織的飛躍。我們要超越閃爍的燈光和呼呼的小玩意兒，不過，新世紀正成為人類歷史上最驚人的時期之一。工業(yè)革命運動中設(shè)置的三大轉(zhuǎn)向正在達到自己的巔峰之作。經(jīng)過幾個世紀快于指數(shù)增長，世界人口正趨于穩(wěn)定。從目前的趨勢來看，它會在高原九點左右十億人民對本世紀中葉。同時赤貧消退后兩者占人口的比例和絕對數(shù)量。如果中國和印度繼續(xù)關(guān)注日本和韓國的經(jīng)濟腳步，到2050年，平均每個中國將豐富的平均瑞士今天;普通印度人，豐富今天的以色列。作為人類生長在大小和財富，但是，它日益壓靠在行星的極

29、限。我們已經(jīng)快三倍泵出二氧化碳作為海洋和陸地能吸收它;到本世紀中葉是當氣候?qū)W家認為全球變暖將真正開始咬人。在利率事情進展，世界森林和漁業(yè)將更早耗盡。第二單元11、Mother would have liked it better if I could have grown up to be President or a rich businessman,but much as she loved me,she did not deceive herself.Before I was out of grade school,she could see I lacked the gifts for

30、 either making millions or winning the love of crowds.After that she began nudging me toward working with words.假如我現(xiàn)在是總統(tǒng)或者是富有的商人，媽媽應(yīng)該會更滿意的。雖然母親很愛我，但她并沒有欺騙自己。在我高中畢業(yè)之時，她就意識到了我缺少那種日進斗金或博取群眾愛戴的能力。從那以后她就開始把我往寫作的道路上推。12、Words ran in her family.There seemed to be a word gene that passed down from her mater

31、nal grandfather.He was a school teacher,his daughter Lulie wrote poetry,and his son Charlie became New York correspondent for the Bltimore Herald.In the turn-of-thecentury South,still impoverished by the Civil War,words were a way out.母親的家族有從事寫作的傳統(tǒng)。從她的外公開始似乎就有一種語言基因代代相傳。她的外公是一位教師，他的女兒露利是詩人，兒子查理后來成了巴

32、爾的摩先驅(qū)報的通訊員。在世紀之交，南方還沒有從因為內(nèi)戰(zhàn)而大傷氣的狀態(tài)下恢復(fù)過來，寫作在當時是一條謀生之路。19,Seven years later I was assigned by the Sun to cover the White House.For most reporters,being White House correspondent was as close to heaven as you could get.I was 29 years old and puffed up with pride.I went to see my mothers delight while t

33、elling her about it.I should have known better.7年之后，我被巴爾的摩太陽報任命為駐白宮記者。對于大多數(shù)記者而言，成為駐白宮記者被看成是離上天只有一步之遙。那時我29歲，躊躇滿志。我回有對母親講自己晉升的事想看到她高興。但結(jié)果卻出乎我的預(yù)料。27、In time there would be an attack on the values my mother preached and I have lived by.When the country began to pull apart in the 1960s and 70s,people wh

34、o admitted to wanting to amount something were put down as materialists idiotically wasting their lives in the“rat race.”The word“gumption”vanished from the language.母親一直宣揚而且我一直遵循的價值觀終于開始遭到攻擊。二十世紀六七十年代，這個國家的價值觀念開始分化。那些承認自己想要獲得成功的人被鄙視為在“激烈競爭”的凡塵中愚蠢地浪費生命的物質(zhì)主義者?！斑M取精神”這個詞開始從我們的語言中消失。Around 1970,psycholo

35、gist Walter Mischel_launched_a classic experiment.He left a succession of 4-year-olds in a room_with_a bell and a marshmallow(藥葵蜜餞).If they rang the bell,he would come back and they could eat the marshmallow.If,_however,they didnt ring the bell and waited for him to come back_on_his own,they could t

36、hen have two marshmallows.In videos of the experiment,you can see the children kicking and_hiding_their eyes-desperately trying to exercise_self-control so they can wait and get two marshmallows.Their performance_varied widely.Some broke down and rang the bell within a minute.Others lasted 15 minute

37、s.The children who waited longer went on to get higher SAT scores.They got into better colleges and had,on_average,better adult outcomes.The children who rang the bell_quickest_were more likely to become bullies.They_received_worse teacher and parental evaluations 10 years later and were more likely

38、 to have drug_problems_at age 32.The Mischel experiments,along_with everyday experience,tell us that self-control is essential_.Young people who can delay gratification can sit_through_sometimes boring classes to get a degree.They can perform_rote tasks in order to,say,master a language.They can_avo

39、id_drugs and alcohol.For people without self-control skills,however,school is a_series_of failed ordeals.No wonder they drop_out.Life is a parade of foolish decisions:teenage pregnancy,drug use,gambling,truancy and crime.21,Onward and upward was the course she set.Small progress was no excuse for fe

40、eling satisfied with yourself.People who stopped to pat themselves on the back didnt last long.Even if you got to the top,youd better not take it easy.“The bigger they come,the harder they fall”was one of her favorite maxims.進取、進取、再進取，這是母親給我設(shè)定的方向。小小的進步是不足以自我滿足的。那些因成功而沾沾自喜停下來欣賞自己的人是不會持久的。即使你已經(jīng)到達頂峰，你也

41、最好不要放松。爬得越高，摔得越痛，是母親的至理名言。32,It wasnt the gin that was shouting.It was my mother.The gin only gave me the courage to announce to them that yes,by God,I had always believed in success,had always believed that without hard work and self-discipline you could never amount to anything,and didnt deserve t

42、o.其實不是杜松子酒在吼，是我的母親在吼。酒只是借給了我勇氣向他們宣布那個想法。是的，上帝可以作證，我一直相信成功，一直相信如果沒有辛勤的勞動和嚴格的自律，一個人不可能有任何成就，也不配有成就。第三單元1、Some years ago I had what most would call the American Dream:a thriving construction business,a comfortable home,two new cars and a sailboat.Moreover,I was happpily married.I had it all.幾年前，我擁有大多數(shù)人

43、稱之為美國夢想的東西：一份蒸蒸日上的建筑生意，一個舒適的家，兩輛新車和一艘帆船，此外，我婚姻幸福。我擁有這一切。2、Then the stock market crashed,and suddenly no one was looking at the houses Id built.Months of murderous interest payment gobbled up my savings.I couldnt make ends meet and lay awake nights in a cold sweat.Just when I though things couldnt ge

44、t worse,my wife announced that she wanted a divorce.接著，股市垮了，突然間再沒人看我修的那些房子。連續(xù)幾個月支付要命的利息，耗盡了我的積蓄。我入不敷出，經(jīng)常徹夜無眠，一身冷汗。就在我認為事情不可能變得更糟的時候，我太太宣布她想離婚。13、She reeled at the thought of her imminent death,and withdrew.“I just gave up,”she says.Then a doctor told her she needed to arrange for someone to care for

45、 her daughter.“How dare you tell me to find someone else to raise my child!”Bracken snapped.At that moment,she realized that she had strong reasons to fight for he life.Her anger,formerly crippling now sparked her.It helped see her through a harrowing,but ultimately successful,bone-marrow transplant

46、.一想到死亡即將來臨，她就感到心緒不寧，屈服了。我完全放棄了，她說。后來一個醫(yī)生告訴她說她需要安排人照料她的女狼。“你竟敢讓我找別人帶大我的小孩！”布賴肯歷聲說。在那一刻，她意識到有充分的理由去為自己的生命而戰(zhàn)。她的憤怒開始時極為有害，現(xiàn)在卻鼓舞了她，幫助她渡過了痛徹心肺但最終成功的骨髓移植。28、Sailing is a slow business.I made it to Florida in five weeks.In attempting to”run away,”Id embarked on a trip that gave me a structure,a daily outdoo

47、r routine requiring physical exertion,and plenty of time.I was still hurting,but by the time I anchored in Miami,I was ready to try again.At what,I wasnt sure.航行是個慢活，我用了5周才抵達佛羅里達。原本試圖“一走了之”的我踏上一段旅途。這段旅途讓我重新組織生活，培養(yǎng)了每天的生活規(guī)律，要求付出在戶外的體力以及大量的時間。我的心依然在痛，但是等我到達邁阿密時，我已作好再次嘗試的準備。嘗試什么，我還沒確定。other understand i

48、nternal teach success mean oneself of apply life external key can lie to divide conduct find derive function Everyone wants to be successful in life,but where are the_keys_to success?When we begin to examine life,we can see that it is_divided_into two aspects-life within and life without;internal li

49、fe and external_lifeand we can see that these aspects are of equal importance.Even one who has renounced the world has to understand the word relationship properly,because life_itself is actually relationship.The body is related to_the breath,and the breath is related to the mind.The body,breath,sen

50、ses,and mind all_function_together as a unit.So life virtually means_relationship,and thus the art of living and being requires an understanding_of ones relationship to the external world and the relationships within oneself_.All human beings have inner potentials,but many people are not aware of_th

51、ose potentials and do not know how to use them to have a_successful_life.Those who are not happy_internally_can never be happy externally;those who are not happy within themselves can never make others_happy.Those who do not love themselves can_never love others.If we are not happy,how can we be suc

52、cessful in life?Success_lies in our happiness.The keys to happiness lie within us,but our modern education does not teach_us how to find them.It is helpful to have a few formulas to practice in daily life to

53、60;make it more successful.They are_derived_from observations based on experience.There are five points to remember:first,how to decide things on time;second,how to study personal habit 

54、;patterns;third,how to_conduct_ourselves in the external world;fourth,what attitude to take;fifth,where to_find_happiness.To attain success in life,one should learn and apply_these five points.1Defining wh

55、o is great depends on how one measures success.對為人的定義取決于人們?nèi)绾魏饬砍晒Α?“Theres a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal”he explained.“But what comes out of the research is that

56、 there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes.”“人們往往認為他們具備一些超常非凡的東西，”他解釋道?！暗芯勘砻?，有的偉人并沒有驚人的智力。”3.Greatness is built on tremendous amounts of study,practice and devotion.偉人的偉大建立在大量的學(xué)習(xí)、實

57、踐及其獻身精神的基礎(chǔ)之上。4.Thrust into office when his countrys morale was at the lowest,Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people.丘吉爾在全國上下士氣最為低落的時候被推上臺，并出色地領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了英國人民。5.In a speech following the

58、60;Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940,he inspired the nation when he said,“We shall not flag or fail.We shall go on to the end.We shall never surrender.”在1940年盟軍敦刻爾克大撤退之后的一次

59、講演中，他的話激勵了全國人民，“我們一定不會衰退、失敗。我們將堅持到底我們永遠不會屈服?！盩he greatest results in life are usually attained by simple means,and the exercise of ordinary qualities.The common life of every day,with its ca

60、res,necessities,and duties,affords ample opportunity for acquiring experience of the best kind;and its most beaten paths provide the true worker with abundant scope for effort and&

61、#160;room for self-improvement.The road of human welfare lies along the old highway of steadfast well-doing;and they who are the most persistent,and work in the truest spirit,

62、will usually be the most successful.Fortune has often been blamed for her blindness;but fortune is not so blind as men are.Those who look into practical life will fi

63、nd that fortune is usually on the side of the industrious,as the winds and waves are on the side of the best navigators.In the pursuit of even the highest 

64、of human inquiry,the commoner qualities are found the most usefulsuch as common sense,attention,application,and perseverance.Genius may not be necessary,though even genius of the highest

65、0;sort does not disdain the use of these ordinary qualities.The very greatest men have been among the least believers in the power of genius,and as worldly wise and&

66、#160;persevering as successful men of the commoner sort.Some have even defined genius to be only common sense intensified.A distinguished teacher and president of a college sp

67、oke of it as the power of making efforts.John Foster held it to be the power of lighting ones own fire.Buffon said of genius,“It is patience.”Newtons was unquestiona

68、bly a mind of the very highest order,and yet,when asked by what means he had worked out his extraordinary discoveries,he modestly answered,“by always thinking unto them.”At

69、60;another time he thus expressed his method of study:“I keep the subject continually before me,and wait till the first dawning open slowly by little and little into 

70、;a full and clear light.”It was in Newtons case,as in every other,only by diligent application and perseverance that his great reputation was achieved.Even his recreation cons

71、isted in change of study,laying down one subject to take up another.To Dr.Bentley he said:“If I have done the public any service,it is due to nothing but industry and patient thought.”人生最大的成就通常是靠簡單的方法和運用一般的才干才獲得的。普通的日常生活以及其中的憂慮、各種不可避免之事和種種職責(zé)提供了取得最好經(jīng)驗的很多機會；生活中走過最多的老路給誠實的工作者以充分努力的機會和自我修養(yǎng)的空間。人類安康之路就是堅定