八年級(jí)下英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法Unit 3

1、Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 目標(biāo)認(rèn)知重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ)： experience, accident, flight, land, imagine, follow, shout at, happen, climb, get out, take off, run away, in front of, on the phone, strange, scared 重點(diǎn)句型： So，what were you doing when the UFO arrived? 那么當(dāng)飛碟到來(lái)時(shí)你正在做什么？I was walking down Cen

2、ter Street when a UFO landed.當(dāng)飛碟降落時(shí)，我正在中心大街上走著。日常用語(yǔ)： -So，what were you doing when the UFO arrived? 那么當(dāng)飛碟到來(lái)時(shí)你正在做什么？-Well, I was standing in front of the library. 哦，我正站在圖書館的前面。What were you doing at nine o'clock last Sunday morning?上周日上午九點(diǎn)你正在做什么？I was sleeping. How about you?我正在睡覺(jué)。你呢？I was doing m

3、y homework. 我正在寫作業(yè)。You're kidding! 開(kāi)玩笑！精講巧練1. So，what were you doing when the UFO arrived? 那么，當(dāng)飛碟到來(lái)的時(shí)候你在做什么？點(diǎn)撥1so在該句中為語(yǔ)氣詞，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意思，表示驚訝或者領(lǐng)會(huì)，用來(lái)引出后面的內(nèi)容。So，you stayed there all the time那么你一直待在那里了。點(diǎn)撥2what were you doing是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，由“主語(yǔ)+was + was / were +v. -ing”構(gòu)成。We were

4、 listening to the radio at 8:00 yesterday evening昨晚8點(diǎn)鐘我們?cè)诼?tīng)收音機(jī)。點(diǎn)撥3arrive“到達(dá)，抵達(dá)”，后接地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)常與介詞in或at連用。arrive in后常跟較大的地方，而arrive at后常跟較小的地方。arrive at the station 到達(dá)車站 arrive in New York 到達(dá)紐約辨析：reach, get與arrivereach是及物動(dòng)詞，后面直接跟地點(diǎn)名詞。They reached London last night他們昨晚到達(dá)了倫敦。get是不及物動(dòng)詞，后跟名詞時(shí)要加介詞to。Can we get t

5、o the station in time? 我們能夠及時(shí)趕到車站嗎?arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，后跟名詞時(shí)要加介詞in或at。At what time did you arrive at the station? 你是幾點(diǎn)鐘到車站的?隨時(shí)練【考例1】 - Did you notice him come in?- Sorry, I_ the music.A. was listeningB. was listening to Cis listening D. is listening to【答案與解析】B。本題考查的是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),它的構(gòu)成：was / were + doing。表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)

6、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。而listen to是固定搭配。故本題選B?！究祭?】(2010·山西)Linda told the policeman she _ for the bus at ten oclock yesterday morningAwaited Bwas waiting Chas waited【答案與解析】B。本題考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。由句中時(shí)間at ten oclock yesterday morning“在昨天早上10點(diǎn)鐘”可知，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選B。2. I was standing in front of the library.我正站在圖書館的前面。點(diǎn)撥in front o

7、f. 在(外部)的前面There were some students talking in English in front of the building this time yesterday昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候，樓前有一些學(xué)生在用英語(yǔ)交談。in the front of 與in front of 的區(qū)別in the front of 指在的前部，強(qiáng)調(diào)在整體的前部。其反義詞組為at the back of.，意為“在(范圍內(nèi))的后部”。in front of在的前面，相當(dāng)于before。隨時(shí)練【考例】 There is a teachers desk_ the classroom.A. in t

8、he front of B. in front of C. before D. on【答案與解析】A。本題考查的是in the front of 與 in front of 的區(qū)別。in the front of 指在的前部，強(qiáng)調(diào)在整體的前部；in front of 在的前面，相當(dāng)于before。本題句意是“講臺(tái)在教室的前面”。講臺(tái)是在教室里面的，是整體的一部分，故本題選A。3What was the girl doing when the UFO took off?當(dāng)飛碟起飛的時(shí)侯，這女孩在干什么?點(diǎn)撥take off 脫下；（飛機(jī)）起飛。 take off作“脫下”講時(shí)，其反義詞是put

9、on。Put on our clothes. Dont take them off. 把衣服穿上，別把衣服脫下?！就卣埂砍Ｒ?jiàn)的含take的詞組有：take turns 輪流 take away拿走 take out 拿出；取出take over 接手，接管take notes 做筆記 take care 當(dāng)心，注意take after 與相像 take care of照顧take photos 照相take it easy 別緊張 take. to . 把帶到隨時(shí)練【考例】Hurry up, our flight is_.Ataking off B. getting off Cturning

10、off Dputting off【答案與解析】A。take off 在本題里是飛機(jī)即將起飛的意思。故本題選A。4. I had a very unusual experience on Sunday.在星期天我有一次非同尋常的經(jīng)歷。點(diǎn)撥1usual 是形容詞，意為“通常的，普通的”，而unusual則是usual的反義詞，它是由usual加上前綴un構(gòu)成。意為“異常的，不常發(fā)生的”，這也是英語(yǔ)中的構(gòu)詞法。點(diǎn)撥2experience 在這里用做可數(shù)名詞，意為“經(jīng)歷”。experience還可做不可數(shù)名詞，意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。隨時(shí)練【考例】We had many unusual _ in Tian Sh

11、an.A. experience B. experiences C. an experience D. a experience【答案與解析】B。experience 在這里用做可數(shù)名詞，意為經(jīng)歷。故本題選B。5. What happened while Linda was on the telephone?當(dāng)琳達(dá)打電話時(shí)發(fā)生了什么事？點(diǎn)撥happen 是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后不能接賓語(yǔ)，意為發(fā)生，與take place相同，happen可組成短語(yǔ)happen to do，意為碰巧，還可組成短語(yǔ)happen to sb. 意為“某人發(fā)生某事（不好的事）”，主語(yǔ)是sth.，to是介詞。隨時(shí)練【考例】W

12、hat _ while you were listening to the music.A. has happened B. was happened C. was happening D. happens【答案與解析】C。本題考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法。故本題選C。6. I was getting out of the shower.我正洗完澡出來(lái)。get out 出來(lái)，get out of . 從出來(lái)隨時(shí)練【考例】She was very beautiful when she _ the shower.A. was getting out B. was getting out of C. is

13、getting out D. is getting out of【答案與解析】B。get out of . 從出來(lái)。get out of the shower 意思是洗完澡出來(lái)。又由于主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過(guò)去時(shí)，故本題選B。7. I was walking down Center Street when a UFO landed.當(dāng)飛碟降落時(shí)，我正在中心大街上走著。walk down / along 沿著走land 著陸、下降，動(dòng)詞。例如：The plane landed safely. 飛機(jī)平安著陸。隨時(shí)練【考例】_ the road, and you will find the post offi

14、ce.A. Walk downing B. Walked downC. Walk along D. Walking along 【答案與解析】C。walk down / along 意思是“沿著走”。又由于本句是祈使句，以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭，故本題選C。8. The girl was shopping when the alien got out.當(dāng)外星人出來(lái)時(shí)，那個(gè)女孩正在購(gòu)物。點(diǎn)撥上句與While the girl was shopping, the alien got out. 同義when 與while區(qū)分（1）“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”，如后面連接的動(dòng)詞為進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，則用while多于用when。而whe

15、n通常與瞬間性 動(dòng)詞或延續(xù)性不強(qiáng)的動(dòng)詞連用。（2）如果while前后的動(dòng)詞都是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，while可譯為“與此同時(shí)”。 I was reading while my brother was drawing. （3）當(dāng)while前后的句子描述的情況相對(duì)或相反，while可譯為“而”，while更強(qiáng)調(diào)并列的對(duì)比而非轉(zhuǎn) 折。例如： I am out-going while my sister is quiet and shy. 我很外向，而我妹妹安靜害羞?？傊瑆hen表示做某種動(dòng)作的時(shí)間或瞬間，由其引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)如果是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，其主句通常要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。while表示略長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間，由其引

16、導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，而主句時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。隨時(shí)練【考例】_ I was dancing, he was singing loudlyA. When B. While C. What D. Where【答案與解析】B。when表示做某種動(dòng)作的時(shí)間或瞬間，由其引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)如果是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，其主句通常要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。while表示略長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間，由其引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，而主句時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。故本題選B。9. You can imagine how strange it was! 你能夠想象到它是多么奇怪！點(diǎn)撥1本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，動(dòng)詞imagine后跟的是ho

17、w引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。imagine“想象，設(shè)想”，后跟名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：Can you imagine life on the moon? 你能想象在月球上的生活情形嗎?Close your eyes and imagine(that) youre in the forest閉上眼，想象你在森林中的情形。點(diǎn)撥2感嘆句的用法：感嘆句一般用how或what開(kāi)頭，用陳述語(yǔ)序，后面加“!”。常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：What + aan+形容詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!(口語(yǔ)中主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)常省去)What +形容詞+名詞(不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!How+形容詞或副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!What a

18、good idea it is! 多好的一個(gè)主意啊!What bad weather it was yesterday! 昨天天氣多糟啊!How beautiful the garden is! 這個(gè)花園多么美麗啊!【考例】_wide the streets are! (2010 湖南長(zhǎng)沙)A. What B. How C. What a【答案與解析】B。本題考查感嘆句。感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)有以下三種：What + aan+形容詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!(口語(yǔ)中主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)常省去) What +形容詞+名詞(不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)! How+形容詞或副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!本句中，空格后為形容詞，s

19、treets為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故選B。10. I followed it to see where it was going, and I was very surprised when it went into a souvenir shop.我跟著它想看看它要去哪里，當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)它進(jìn)了一家紀(jì)念品商店時(shí)，我非常驚訝。點(diǎn)撥1follow“跟隨，追隨”。follow sb. / sth 跟隨某人（某事物）。常用搭配：follow sb. to do sth.， “跟著某人做某事”。例如：Please follow me to read the story. 跟我讀這個(gè)故事。點(diǎn)撥2be surpri

20、sed 感到吃驚，主語(yǔ)為人。例如： He gave us a big surprise. 他令我們大吃一驚。 That movie has a surprising end. 這部電影結(jié)局很令人驚訝。隨時(shí)練【考例】We're _ to hear the news.A. surprised B. surprise C. surprising D. a surprise 【答案與解析】A。be surprised“感到吃驚”，主語(yǔ)為人。故本題選A。11. It was really scared. 它真的很害怕。be scared （某人）給嚇壞了，害怕了。 近義短語(yǔ)be afraid /

21、 frightened. 隨時(shí)練【考例】We're _when we see the snakes.A. scared B. scare C. scares D. scaring 【答案與解析】A. be scared “（某人）給嚇壞了，害怕了”。故本題選A。12. He shouted at me. So I stopped climbing.他沖著我喊，因此我停止了攀爬。shout at sb. 沖某人大叫 shout sth. 大叫某事物（shout his name）stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做某事隨時(shí)練【考例】The

22、 teacher is coming. Lets stop _.A. talk B. to talking C. talked D. talking【答案與解析】D。stop doing sth. 停止做某事，stop to do sth. 停下來(lái)去做某事，老師來(lái)了，我們應(yīng)該停止談話。故本題選D。12. His flight around the Earth lasted about 22 hours.他環(huán)繞地球的飛行持續(xù)了約22小時(shí)。點(diǎn)撥1around 此處為介詞，“圍繞，環(huán)繞，在周圍”。 還可以作副詞，表示“大約，到處，在周圍”。 例如：I will show you around. 我會(huì)

23、帶你在四周轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)。 It'll be finished around Christmas. 這件事將大約在圣誕節(jié)結(jié)束。 I looked around, but could see nobody. 我四處望了望，看不見(jiàn)什么人。 點(diǎn)撥2last此處為動(dòng)詞，“持續(xù)，延續(xù)”。隨時(shí)練【考例】The spring _ 3 months.A. last B. lasted C. lasts D. lasting【答案與解析】C。last動(dòng)詞，“持續(xù)，延續(xù)”。又因句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，故本題選C。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和狀語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)撥：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和狀語(yǔ)從句過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或者某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行或

24、發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，例如：1. I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在做作業(yè)。2. They were waiting for you yesterday. 他們昨天一直在等你。3. He was cooking in the kitchen at 12 o'clock yesterday. 昨天12點(diǎn)，他正在廚房燒飯。 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：肯定形式：主語(yǔ)+was/were+V-ing否定形式：主語(yǔ)+was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)+V-i

25、ng疑問(wèn)形式：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+V-ing?；居梅ǎ?1. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與之連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week), at+點(diǎn)鐘+yesterday (last night / Sunday)，when sb. did sth.等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，例如：1）What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七點(diǎn)你在干什么？2）I first met Mary three years ago.

26、 She was working at a radio shop at the time. 我第一次遇到瑪麗是在三年前，當(dāng)時(shí)她在一家無(wú)線電商店工作。3）I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲門時(shí)我正在做飯。2. when后通常用表示短暫性動(dòng)詞，while后通常用表示持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而while所引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，例如：When the car exploded I was walking past it. = While I was walking past the car, it exploded. 當(dāng)我在車旁走過(guò)時(shí)，車

27、爆炸了。3. when用作并列連詞時(shí)，主句常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，從句則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過(guò)程中，另一個(gè)意想不到的動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。例如：I was walking in the street when someone called me.我正在街上走時(shí)突然有人喊我。 4. when作并列連詞，表示“（這時(shí)）突然”之意時(shí)，第一個(gè)并列分句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，when引導(dǎo)的并列分句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：1）I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇見(jiàn)了他。2）We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我們正在

28、外邊玩，這時(shí)下起雨來(lái)了。 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較：1）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作。 例如：They were writing letters to their friends last night. 昨晚他們?cè)趯懶沤o他們的朋友。（沒(méi)有說(shuō)明信是否寫完） They wrote letters to their friends last night. 他們昨晚寫了信給他們的朋友。（表達(dá)了他們已寫好的意思，整個(gè)寫的過(guò)程已完成。）2）當(dāng)動(dòng)作延續(xù)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí)或表示厭煩、贊美等感情色彩時(shí)，常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。 例如：He was thinking more o

29、f others than of himself. 他考慮別人的比考慮自己的多。（表示說(shuō)話者贊揚(yáng)的口氣） The boy was always making trouble then. 那時(shí)，他總是惹麻煩。（表示說(shuō)話者厭煩的口氣）狀語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾主句的動(dòng)詞,形容詞或副詞等的從句叫做狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)它表達(dá)的意思可分為時(shí)間、原因、條件、比較、目的、結(jié)果和讓步等類型。(根據(jù)考試說(shuō)明，前四個(gè)要求掌握，其它要求理解)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（常由下列從屬連詞引導(dǎo)）when，as，while (當(dāng)時(shí)候； 一邊 一邊；在期間)，before(在之前)，after (在之后)，as soon as（一 就 )since (自從時(shí)起到現(xiàn)在)，till/until (直到時(shí)) 等。例如：When my cousin came yesterday, I was playing volleyball.昨天我表哥來(lái)的時(shí)候，我在打排球。When the air moves, it is called wind. 空氣流動(dòng)，就產(chǎn)生