福建省龍巖市武平縣十方中學九年級英語 初中語法梳理和提高學案（無答案） 新人教版

1、福建省龍巖市武平縣十方中學九年級英語 初中語法梳理和提高新人教版知識梳理：提綱挈領，抓住重點和難點！一、 名詞的分類 名詞類 別意 義例 詞專有名詞表示具體的人名、事物、國家、地名、機構、團體等的專有名稱Jim , China, Qingdao, the UK, the Great Wall普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個體名詞表示單個人的人或事物girl, student, factory, desk, cat , country集合 名詞表示一群人或一些事物的總稱people, police, team, clothes, group, crew不可數(shù)名詞物質名詞表示無法分為個體的物質water, ic

2、e, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli抽象名詞表示抽象概念的詞fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care注：1.專有名詞是指人、地方、團體、機構等特有的名稱。第一個字母必須大寫。專有名詞前一般不加冠詞。 2、有普通名詞構成的專有名詞前要用定冠詞“the”，但它不大寫。 3、有些不可數(shù)名詞有時表示為具體的東西時，則變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞，而且以四上也有了變化。eg. beer -a beer 一杯啤酒， work- a work 工廠，著作 ，glass-a glass 一個玻璃杯， room空間-a room一個房間二、 名詞的數(shù)

3、：表示可以計算數(shù)目的人或物稱為可數(shù)名詞。1、可數(shù)名詞有單、復數(shù)兩種形式：可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式要在名詞前加 “a或an”；復數(shù)形式是在名詞后加 “-s或-es”。名詞復數(shù)形式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種，規(guī)則變化及其讀音可依照下表：當名詞為：詞尾變化讀 音例 詞一般情況加s在清輔音后讀/s/chips, jeeps, pats , clocks在濁輔音或元音后讀/z/boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers以s,x,ch,sh結尾的單詞加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以字母o結尾的單詞加s或es/z/zoos, photos, b

4、amboos, tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,以輔音字母+y結尾的單詞去y 變i加es/z/dictionaries, strawberries,以f 或fe結尾的單詞去f或fe 變v 加 es/vz/leaves, wives, halves以th結尾的詞加s/ðz/; /z/mouths, paths; months, deaths2. 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化 改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母 eg. man-men, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese, mouse-mice 單復數(shù)同形 eg. Chine

5、se-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, 由man 和woman構成的合成詞, 每個名詞都要變復數(shù) eg. a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers 注意: 有些名詞表示一種物體具有不可分割的相同的兩部分,在使用時只有復數(shù)形式 eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名詞從形式上看是復數(shù), 實際上是單數(shù)(其后的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)). eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news 3

6、. 不可數(shù)名詞：表示不能計算數(shù)目的人或物，稱為不可數(shù)名詞。他們前面不能用a/an,沒有復數(shù)形式。物質名詞和抽象名詞都屬于不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞一般只有單數(shù)形式, 但有其特殊用法:(1) 同一個詞,變成復數(shù)形式, 意義不同。eg. food 食物- foods 各種食物，time 時間 - times 時代，green 綠色 -greens 青菜(2) 有些不可數(shù)名詞用復數(shù)代指具體的事物eg. hope -hopes 希望 hardship - hardships 艱苦(3) 物質名詞在表示數(shù)量時,常用某個量詞+of來表示 eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of br

7、ead, several bags of rice, 三、名詞的所有格名詞的所有格是表示名詞之間的所有關系,有兩種表示形式, 一種是在名詞后+s；另一種是用of, 表示 “的”。1. (1) 一般詞的所有格, 直接在詞尾 +s。 eg. Mr. Motts robot, childrens clothes (2) 以s結尾的名詞所有格只在詞尾 + eg. teachers books (3) 兩人共有的物體, 則在第二個名詞后+s; 如果分別是兩人所有, 則在每個名詞后面 +s。 eg. Lucy and Lilys room. (指兩人共住一個房間) Mrs Greens and Mrs B

8、rowns son. (指兩人各自的兒子) (4) 表示某具體場所時, 所有格后面的名詞可省略 eg. the doctors (office) Mr. Whites2.(1) 沒有生命的事物一般用of 短語來表示所屬關系。 eg. the wall of the classroom，a picture of the bedroom， (2) 名詞的的定語較長時,有生命的事物也可用of短語表示。 eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man (4) 雙重所有格 eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Toms(5) 有些表示時間、

9、距離、國家、城市等無生命的東西的名詞，也可以加s來構成所有格。eg. ten minutes walk, todays newspaper1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges3. Every evening M r. King takes

10、 a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples6. Oh, dear. I forg

11、ot the two _. A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter

12、 C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts 10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience11. A classmate of _ was here

13、 ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters12. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 13.The team _ having a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be14. “Would you like _?” “_, please.”A. drink, Thr

14、ee coffees B. a cup of drink, CoffeesC. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, mill

15、ions選擇最佳答案：1 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no _ were lost.A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life2. -This is a photo of _ when they were young. -OK, how happy they both looked! A. my father and mother B. my mother and father's C. my mother

16、's and father's D.my father's and my mother3. The new student is in _ , Grade Two. A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class4. Today is September 10th. It's _ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers' C. the Teachers'

17、D. Teacher's5. The market isn't far from here. It's only _ bicycle ride. A.half an hours' B. half an hour's C. half an hour D. an hour and a half6. - What would you like to drink, girls? - _, please. A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of co

18、ffees7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks8. Some _ are flying kites near the river. A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs9. After the exam, we'll have_ holiday. A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks' D. two week's10.

19、 They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus. A. visitor B. visitors C. visitor's D. visitors'11.- How many workers are there in your factory? - There are two _. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of12. -What do you think of the _ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven? - It so

20、unds really wonderful. A. subject B. music C. book D. animal13. There is not enough _ in the corner for the fridge. A. place B. room C. field D. ground 14. _ comes from sheep and some people like eating itA. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk15. If you don't take more _, you'll get fat.A. medici

21、ne B. lessons C. photos D. exercise16. My school is about twenty _ walk from here. A. minute B. minutes' C. minutes's D. minutes17. Mum, I have _ to tell you! A. a good news B. some good news C. some good newes D. much good news18. Which is the _ to the post office? A. street B. way C. road

22、D. address19. I stayed at _ last Sunday. A. my uncles B. my uncles' C. my uncle's D. my uncle's family20. Maths _ not easy to learn. A. are B. is C. am D. were 冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞(a, an )和定冠詞 (the)一、 不定冠詞的用法 1)用與可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前,指人或事物的某一種類：例如： She is a girl. Pass me an apple , please. 2)、指某人或某物,但不具體說明何

23、人或何物。例如： A boy is waiting for you We work six days a week. 3). 表示 “一”這個數(shù)量,但數(shù)的概念沒有one 強烈.例如: We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow. I have a mouth , a nose, two eyes and two ears. 4). 用于某些固定的詞組中.例如: a few, a little, a lot of注: 用a 還是an, 要看后面的詞讀音以輔音開頭還是以元音開頭.二、定冠詞的用法 1) 特指某(些)人或某(些)物.例如: the

24、photo of the boy 2) 指雙方都知道的人或物.例如: -Where are the new books, Jim? - They are on the small table. 3) 指上文提過的人或物.例如: Today he is making a machine. He wants to ride the machine like a bike and fly it like a plane. 4). 用在世界上獨一無二的事物前.例如: The sun is bigger than the moon. 5). 用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級前.例如: The first tru

25、ck is carrying a few baskets. The third one is carrying the fewest of all.6). 用在由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前.例如: the Great Wall the North Street Hospital7). 用在一些習慣用語中.例如: in the morning (afternoon, evening), on the left(right) at the end of三、不用冠詞的情況 1）在專有名詞前和不可數(shù)名詞前。例如：China, Grade Two, Bill Smith, milk 2）名詞前已有作定語用

26、的this, that, my, your, some, any 等代詞。例如： The letter is in her pocket.I think the shop is closed at this time of day. 3）復數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時。例如： My father and mother are teachers.I like cakes. 4）在星期、月份、季節(jié)、節(jié)日前。例如： It is Sunday (Monday, Tuesday, etc.) Today is Mid-Autumn Day.It is cold in winter. 5）在稱呼語或表示頭銜的

27、名詞前。例如： Uncle Wang likes making things.What colour are Mrs Greens shoes? 6）在三餐飯和球類運動的名稱前。例如： He went to school after breakfast. Can you play basketball?注： 在某些固定詞組中，如：at home, by bus, go to school 等的名詞前不用冠詞。1. _ milk is food. _ milk in this cup has gone bad.2. -Do you like playing _ football? -Yes. B

28、ut I have only _ basketball.3. Do you know _girl on _another side of _ lake?4. Theres _ “u” and _ “s” in _work “use”.5. She says _animals cants live without _air, either.6. His father, who is _honest man, is teaching in _ university.7. Which is heavier, _elephant or _ horse?8. _ cold wind was blowin

29、g from the north.9. He is always ready to help _ old and _ young.10. _ Greens are traveling in _ South China.11. Although _ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink _most are _ least healthy.12.Xiaomei saw _ interesting film last night. _ film was about _ kind doctor.13. You can have _ second

30、try if you fail _ first time.14. Tom went to _ school as usual, but he didnt know his father went to _school for a parent meeting.15. _ knowledge begins with _ practice.一、在空白處填入a / an 或the。1. -Mum, what shall we have for _dinner? -Dumplings. -Oh, what _ wonderful dinner! I enjoy it very much.2. _ PL

31、A was founded on _August 1st,19273. _ Kings came to us at _ noon.4. The scientists from _ United States live in _ Ninth Street.5. The doctor to him, “Take _ medicine twice _day. Stay in _ bed and youll be better soon.”6. September 10th is _ Teachers Day.7. Mr Black arrived here on _ Tuesday morning.

32、8. There are four seasons in _year. _ first season is spring. It is _ best one of _ four.9. Some people have been to _moon, in _ spaceship.10. _ China is _ old country with _ long history二、選擇填空： A. / B. a C. an D. the1. They are living _happy life now.2. _bag on _desk is mine.3. There is _empty box

33、on the table.4. Do you like _music of the film “Titanic”?5. On _Saturday, I stay in _bed till 12:00.6. _Browns have been to China twice.7. Dont make any noise in _class.8. This is such _interesting story that you must listen to it.9. Next week they will go to Australia by _air.10. Which is bigger, _

34、sun or _moon?三、在空白處填入a / an或the。1. This morning I bought _ newspaper and _ magazine. _ newspaper is in my bag but I dont know where I put _ magazine.2. I saw _ accident this morning. _ car crashed into _ tree. _ driver of _ car wasnt hurt but _ car was badly damaged.3. There are two cars parked outs

35、ide: _ blue one and _ grey one. _ blue one is my neighbours; I dont know who _ owner of _ grey one is.4. My friends live in _ old house in _ small village. There is _ beautiful garden behind _ house. I would like to have _ garden like that.1a ,a, The the 2.an, a, a, The ,the, the 3. A, a, the the, t

36、he 4. an, a, a, the, a代 詞一、 代詞的分類英語中常把代詞分為人稱代詞、無主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、不定代詞和相互代詞。二、 代詞的用法1 人稱代詞：人稱代詞是指人的代詞，有性、數(shù)、格的區(qū)別。表示“我” “你” “他” “我們” “你們” “他們”。請看下表： 數(shù) 格 人 稱 單 數(shù)復 數(shù)主 格賓 格主 格賓 格 第一人稱wemeweus 第二人稱youyouyouyou 第三人稱hehimtheythem she her it it (1) 人稱代詞主格在句中作主語。例如：She is my English teacher.(2) 賓格在句中作賓語

37、。例如：They dont want me to go there alone. Dont worry. I can look after her.(3) 賓格還可以作賓格。特別是在口語中。例如：- Whos that? - Its me.注意：人稱代詞we, you, they 可以用來表示一般人。例如： You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不準穿拖鞋進入大廳。 人稱代的主格作表語，一般都在正中的談話中， 表示強調(diào)。例如： It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那條項鏈。 人稱代詞she可以用指

38、代祖國、大地、月亮、輪船等。 例如： The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to Boston. 輪船要起航了。 這時她第一次去波士頓。 We love our country, we hope shell be stronger and stronger. 我們熱愛我們的祖國，我們希望她越來越強大。 It作為人稱代詞時，可以表示天氣、距離、時間、環(huán)境等。 例如： It is about 10 kilometres from here. 離這兒大約有10公里。 It 還可用作形式主語或形式賓語，來代替由不定式，動詞的-ing,形式或主語從句構成

39、的真正的主語或賓語， 以避免句子頭重腳輕。例如： It is not easy to learn English well. It is good for you taking a walk after supper. I found it difficult to sleep. 英語里當主語是并列的幾個人時，人稱代詞的排列順序和漢語不同， I 在最后， you 在最前；但是， 當受到批評或時承認錯誤時正好相反，I 在最前， you在最后。 例如： You, he and I are all the winners. I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should

40、 do more for the project.2物主代詞：表示所有關系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞包括名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞。 詞 義 類 型我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他/她/它們的形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名 詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs（1） 形容詞性物主代詞在句中具有形容詞的特征。在句中作定語， 后面跟名詞。例如：To our surprise, he has passed the exam. (2) 名詞性的物主代詞具有名詞的特征， 在句中作主語、表語、賓語。例如： May

41、 I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主語) Whose glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作表語) My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作賓語) (3) 名詞性物主代詞可以與of 連用， 作定語。 例如：A friend of ours are waiting for us.3反身帶詞：用來表示“某人自己”的代詞稱為反身代詞。如下表所示： 詞 義 數(shù)我(們)自己你(們)自己他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 們 自 己單 數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfhers

42、elfitself復 數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves （1）反身代詞在句中常用賓語,主語或賓語的同位語。例如： Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作賓語) He himself is always making such mistakes. (主語同位語) Youd better ask your wife herself. (賓語同位語)(2) 反身代詞可與其他詞構成固定搭配，例如：make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself, help onese

43、lf to,etc4指示代詞：表示時間和空間遠近關系的代詞叫指示代詞。見下表這，這個那，那個這些那些thisthatthesethose 指示代詞可在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。例如： Those are my parents. ( 作主語) Throw it like that. (作表語) The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表語) These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定語)注意：（1）前面剛剛提到過的東西， 常用that, those 表示。 例如：

44、Im sorry to hear that.( 2 )下文將要提到的事情， 可用these, this 表示， 起啟下的作用。 例如：Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.5疑問代詞：用來構成特殊疑問句的代詞叫疑問代詞。常用的有：who, what, which, whose, whom， 在句中常作主語、賓語、定語、表語。作主語： What make you so happy?作賓語： Who / Whom is your manager

45、 talking with?在口語中， 作賓語時 who和whom可以通用，但在介詞后面只能用whom.例如：About whom they are talking just now?作定語： Which subject do you like best?作表語： Whats your mother.6相互代詞：用于表示相互關系的代詞。 常用的有：each other, one another. 相互代詞可以作賓語、定語。例如： We should help each other. The villagers have looked after one another these year.

46、相互代詞后可以加s,表示所有關系。 例如： We put the presents in each others stocking.7連接代詞： 用來連接賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句的代詞叫連接代詞。常用的有：what, which, who, whom whose, that例如： I know what he said at the meeting. The problem is who will mend it. Could you tell me which is the way to the post office?8. 不定代詞：不定代詞沒有確定的對象， 常用的有：all, eac

47、h, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many， much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 構成的復合詞。 不定代詞通?？梢宰鲋髡Z、賓語、表語、定語， 而none及含有some, an every 的合成代詞不能做定語，no和every 只能做定語。代詞many, few, a few修飾可數(shù)名詞，much, little, a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。both, either, neither, each用于指兩者，all, any, no

48、ne, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。1. This isnt _ pencil case. I left _ at home.A. my, mine B. me, my C. I, my D. my, myself2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3. - Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?- _ OK. Im free today an

49、d tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None4. The population of China is much large than _A. this B.those C.it D.that5 . - When shall we meet again? - Make it _day you like. Its all the same to me.A. one B.any C.another D.allHe said _ at the meeting and just sat there silently. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything- Do you know the lady _ is